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131.
To examine the rate of chemical weathering, field experiments using microweight-loss techniques were carried out. Two kinds of porous rhyolite forming lava domes in Kozu-shima Island were selected: (1) a younger rock (weathering period is 2.6 ka) and (2) an older rock (20 ka). Both rocks seem to have been very similar in their initial composition and structure. They have, however, different properties in the present depending on the difference in weathering period. Rock tablets of these rhyolites with a diameter of 3.5 cm and a thickness of about 1 cm were enclosed in a nylon mesh bag and placed in a soil–bedrock interface on a hillslope of central Japan for over 5 years. The younger rock has a lower weight loss by about 0.5%, and the older rock has a higher weight loss of 3% to 5%. These results show that older rock has a higher rate of chemical weathering than in younger rock. This supports Oguchi et al.'s (Oguchi, T.C., Hatta, T., Matsukura, Y., 1994. Changes in rock properties of porous rhyolite through 40,000 years in Kozu-shima Island, Japan. Geogr. Rev. Jpn. 67A, 775–793 (in Japanese, with English Abstr.); Oguchi, T.C., Hatta, T., Matsukura, Y., 1999. Weathering rates over 40,000 years based on changes in rock properties of porous rhyolite. Phys. Chem. Earth (A) 24, 861–870.) finding that the rate of change in chemical properties appears to accelerate with weathering time. 相似文献
132.
Atsushi Ikegaya Tomoaki Kawata Toru Ikari Yuji Emoto Yosuke Sato Takashi Takeuchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(3):449-457
ABSTRACT The fertilizer absorption characteristics of strawberries are not clear, although appropriate fertilization is definitely necessary to ensure produce quality and quantity. This study aimed to determine the amounts of macro- and micronutrients absorbed during cultivation of strawberries and their biodistribution and utilization in the plant body. We cultivated Japanese strawberries ‘Benihoppe’ and ‘Kirapika’ in small hydroponic equipment containing a nutrient solution and determined the amounts of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, and Mo absorbed during and at the end of cultivation. The results revealed the adsorption levels of these elements during the cultivation period. The nutrient concentrations varied greatly among plant organs. In particular, P and B accumulated at high levels in the leaves and stem, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu accumulated in the crown, and N, Fe, and Mo accumulated in the roots. In addition, the uptake levels of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu differed between Benihoppe and Kirapika. Our results provide useful information for determining fertilizer application rates in strawberry cultivation. 相似文献
133.
Ecological and morphological characteristics of the sclerotia of R. solani produced in soil were compared among Japanese isolates belonging to five anastomosis groups (AG). Twenty-three out of 24 isolates produced sclerotia in soil and the number and size of sclerotia varied considerably among isolates within the same AG. Sclerotia from each group ranged in size from 0.25 mm to more than 2.5mm dia, with most between 0.5–1.0mm dia. Sclerotia formed in soil were smaller than those formed in pure culture. Sclerotia of each AG were tested for viability after 30–270 days incubation in artificially-inoculated soil. Sclerotia produced in soil were brown to dark-brown and these were divided into two distinct groups on external morphology: firm and irregularly globose to subglobose with either a pitted or smooth surface in one group, and rather soft with an indefinite shape in the other. On the basis of internal morphology, the sclerotia fell into three groups. Sclerotia of AG-1 were composed of three well-defined layers; the central cells had dense contents and were surrounded by an outer layer of empty cells which were bordered by a darkly-pigmented mucilaginous surface-layer. Sclerotia of AG-2, Type-1 had only two well-defined layers; The darkly-pigmented mucilaginous layer was absent. Sclerotia of the other AG were constructed of very loosely-arranged brown cells without any well-defined zones. 相似文献
134.
135.
Ichiyanagi T Shida Y Rahman MM Hatano Y Konishi T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(18):7312-7319
We previously determined that five rather hydrophobic metabolites appeared in blood plasma after oral administration of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, but a group of hydrophilic metabolites still remained unidentified. In the present study, 12 hydrophilic metabolites found were collected from urine and plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then analyzed by tandem MS spectrometry. From the MS spectra, four metabolites out of 12 were assigned as glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and six out of 12 were glucuronides of the primary metabolites of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside). Extended glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside showed their maximum plasma concentrations at 15 and 60 min (or 30 min) after oral administration, respectively. Their maximum plasma concentrations ranged from 15 to 70 nM. From the profile of urinary-excreted anthocyanins after intravenous administration, it was deduced that extended glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were mainly produced in the liver rather than by intestinal flora. The area under the plasma concentration curve was 0.25 micromol min/L for extended glucuronides of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 0.14 micromol min/L for O-methyl cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively, when evaluated as cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside equivalent, indicating that extended glucuronidation is a critical pathway in cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside metabolism in rats. 相似文献
136.
137.
Fábio R. C. F. César Takashi Muraoka Rodrigo C. da Silva Luiz Francisco Souza-Filho 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(18):2773-2784
Abstract A possible way to improve phosphate rock (PR) agronomic performance is through the addition of elemental sulfur (S0). We used 32P isotope dilution method to assess the P taken up by crops treated with PR. Two experiments, one with common bean and other with upland rice, were carried out, to evaluate the effect of S0 on the agronomic performance of two contrasting PR, applied in different methods. Gafsa (GPR) and Patos de Minas (PPR) were used as the high and low reactivity PR, respectively. The experiments were arranged in completely randomized design on factorial structure 2?×?2 × 2?+?2; which means 2 PR (GPR and PPR) versus 2?S0 condition (with or without-S0) versus 2 application methods (band and broadcast) plus 2 additional treatments (control and triple superphosphate). In band application the S0 increased the amount of P uptake by plants from fertilizer of GPR from 2.57 to 9.86?mg pot?1 for common bean and of 2.26 to 7.05?mg pot?1 to rice. Regardless the management adopted, less than 2% of P applied as PPR has been taken up by crops. The addition of S0 as a strategy to increase the agronomic performance of PR is PR characteristics dependent and fertilizers placement. 相似文献
138.
Change of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration with early growth in Japanese beef cattle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yoshihito SUDA Kentaro NAGAOKA Kazuki NAKAGAWA Takashi CHIBA Fumihiro YUSA Hisashi SHINOHARA Akira NIHEI Toshihiro YAMAGISHI 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(3):205-210
The aim of the present study was to examine the change in plasma insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) concentration with early growth, changes of bodyweight (BW) and relative dairy gain (RDG) in the pre‐ (PRW) and postweaning periods (POW) in Japanese beef cattle, and relationships with metabolites. A total of 33 calves, 22 Japanese black, 6 Japanese shorthorn and 5 of their crossbreed were studied. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and metabolite (glucose, triacylglycerol, nonesterified fatty acid) levels in the plasma, from jugular vein blood taken every month, were measured along with BW. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in POW increased dramatically with increase of BW (P < 0.05), and the correlation was positive at 0.52 (P < 0.01). Glucose levels correlated significantly with BW, RDG and IGF‐1 (P < 0.01). Metabolic required calorie correlated positively with IGF‐1 (P < 0.01). Also, correlations of BW in POW, with BW and RDG in PRW were positive (P < 0.01). Growth in PRW would be influenced by maternal effects, while active self‐secretion of IGF‐1 in POW might contribute to POW growth. These factors suggested that to increase growth in PRW, maintaining enough maternal effect and IGF‐1 level in POW, was important for establishing better growth after weaning. 相似文献
139.
Kenji Usui Jun-ichi Fukami Takashi Shishido 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(3):249-260
Several glutathione S-transferases which catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione with organophosphorus triesters were separated from fat bodies of adult female American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.). Two transferases (I, V) were active on diazinon and three transferases (II, III, IV) were active on methyl parathion. The transferase (I) active on the pyrimidinyl moiety of diazinon was distinguishable from the other transferases on the O-methyl portion of methyl parathion, as shown by chromatographic properties, and additionally it was almost inactive or less active on 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene, methyl iodide, p-nitrobenzyl chloride, trans-cinnamaldehyde, and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane. Transferase II had high activities with “aryl” and “aralkyl” compounds, transferase III with “epoxide” and “alkene,” and transferase IV with “alkyl,” “aryl,” and “aralkyl” compounds. This indicated that the transferases had overlapping substrate specificities. The molecular weight was 35,000–37,000 for both of the enzymes active on methyl parathion and diazinon. The pH optima with methyl parathion and diazinon were about 8.5 and 6.5, respectively. At a glutathione concentration of 5 mM, Michaelis constants were 0.28 and 0.13 mM for methyl parathion and diazinon, respectively. 相似文献
140.
Hiroshi KAGAMI Jun YASUDA Takahiro TAGAMI Mitsuru NAITO Yuko MATSUBARA Takashi HARUMI Takamasa NOGUCHI Yasuhiro YAMAMOTO Taikai TAKAHASHI Junichi MATSUYAMA Hiroyuki KOMATSU Tamao ONO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):453-456
Effect of the strain combination of the donor and recipient on production efficiency of W‐bearing sperm in mixed‐sex chimeric testes was analyzed. The combinations of the donors and recipients were White Leghorn (WL) and Rhode Island Red (RIR), and vice versa. Generated mixed‐sex chimeras that had the male phenotype at sexual maturity were classified into four groups: (1) a female WL donor and a male RIR recipient; (2) a male WL donor and a female RIR recipient; (3) a female RIR donor and a male WL recipient; (4) a male RIR donor and a female WL recipient. The mean number of W‐bearing sperm detected by in situ hybridization among 10 000 sperm observed were 147, 165, 30 and 45 in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The numbers in groups 1 and 2 were both significantly higher than those of groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). The combination of a WL donor and a RIR recipient produced W‐bearing sperm more efficiently than the reverse combination. 相似文献