木薯淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因遗传转化木薯的研究

旨在获得转淀粉分支酶反义SBEⅠ基因的‘华南木薯8号’转基因植株,为利用转基因技术改良木薯淀粉品质打下基础。在建立了木薯从胚状体子叶到完整植株的再生体系的基础上,用块根特异表达启动子Sporamin驱动的木薯淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因,通过农杆菌介导法对‘华南木薯8号’进行遗传转化。共接种‘华南木薯8号’子叶517块,获得7株生长良好的转化再生植株,转化再生频率达到1.35%。经PCR检测,其中5株转化再生植株扩增出目的条带,初步证实木薯淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因已整合进了‘华南木薯8号’基因组中。通过农杆菌介导法可以将淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因导入到‘华南木薯8号’基因组中,获得了5株转基因植株。     

南方葡萄新品种酿酒试验研究

以新选育的6个南方葡萄新品种（编号）成熟浆果为材料,分析检测了果实性状和酿酒样品理化性,并进行酿造试验和鉴评。“V－32”采用干白葡萄酒生产工艺进行酿造试验,其他品种采用传统的红葡萄酒生产工艺进行酿造试验。结果表明：“南宝石”和“南珍珠”可溶性固形物和总酸含量相对较高,分别为：17.0%、12.74g/l和19.0%、10.3g/l;“V-64”出汁率最高,达73.3%;“V-63”总糖、还原糖和单宁含量相对较低。酿酒样品感观鉴评认为：“V-32”适宜酿造干白葡萄酒;“V-64”、“南宝石”和“南珍珠”适宜酿造甜型山葡萄酒,其中“南宝石”可以酿制上等干型山葡萄酒,品种推广潜力很大;“V-59”为优良鲜食品种;“V-63”不适宜酿造葡萄酒加工。     

Study on the porcinophilic foot-and-mouth disease virus I. production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against VP1

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reported here were produced against the porcinophilic foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) that caused the devastating swine disease on 1997 in Taiwan. A panel (25) of MAbs were found to react with VP1 of O/Taiwan/97 (O/97) by ELISA with various potencies. The biological identities of these VP1 reacting MAbs, such as neutralization activity, isotype and capability to distinguish between two serotype O FMDVs, O/97 and O/Taiwan/KM1/99 (O/99), were further analyzed. Eleven out of the total eighteen O/97 neutralizing MAbs were able to neutralize heterologous O/99. Eight O/97 neutralizing and five non-neutralizing MAbs could differentiate two serotype O FMDVs by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) implied that these thirteen MAbs recognized O/97 specific epitope(s). Furthermore, reactivities of the VP1 reacting MAbs with a 29 amino acids synthetic peptide (P29) representing the betaG-betaH loop of VP1 were analyzed by ELISA and fourteen were found positive. MAb clone Q10E-3 reacting strongest with VP1 and P29, neutralizing both but not differentiating two serotype O viruses suggested that the antibody binding site might involve the RGD motif and its C terminal conserved region on betaG-betaH loop. MAbs with diverse characters presented in this study were the first raised against porcinophilic FMDV. The complete set of MAbs may be used for further studies of vaccine, diagnostic methods, prophylaxis, etiological and immunological researches on FMDV.     

甘肃省小麦白粉菌群体毒性及小麦品种苗期抗白粉病性分析

由Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici引起的小麦白粉病是危害甘肃省小麦安全生产的重要病害之一,分析病原菌毒性结构和抗病基因有效性对于指导白粉病的有效控制具有重要意义。2013年对甘肃省小麦白粉菌群体进行毒性分析结果表明,91个供试菌系中,对Pm1、Pm2、Pm3a、Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3d、Pm3e、Pm3f、Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm5a、Pm6、Pm7、Pm8、Pm19、Pm33、Pm5+Pm6、Pm4+Pm8、Pm4b+Pm5b和PmEra的毒力频率达到70%以上,已无利用价值;对Pm13、Pm16、Pm21和Pm24的毒性频率在15%以下,尚可利用。选用甘肃省不同毒性谱的单孢堆菌系,对35个甘肃省及国内生产品种(系)进行苗期致病性测定,发现仅有‘绵麦37’具有优异抗病性。供试白粉菌系对‘定西40号’等22个品种(系)的毒性频率达到60%以上,甘肃省及中国生产品种中,苗期抗病品种(系)匮乏。     

华夏慈姑种质资源及其研究(上)

介绍了华夏慈姑种质资源的分布、植物学和园艺学分类、生物学特性及生长规律、营养成分，对华夏慈姑的细胞生物学、植物学、栽培学以及病虫害防治等方面的研究进展作了概述，提出了华夏慈姑种质资源研究的基本思路。     

水稻品种对三江平原稻田温室气体排放的影响

利用静态箱一气相色谱法研究了三江平原3个主栽水稻品种(空育131、龙粳18、垦鉴稻6)对生长季节稻田CO2、CH4和N2O排放规律、源/汇及其与环境因子关系的影响.结果表明:3个水稻品种的CO2、CH4和N2O平均通量范围分别为405.5 ～ 647.2、9.6 ～20.5 mg·m-2·h-1、4.1 ～6.3 μg...     

干旱胁迫对小蓬竹光合生理的影响

为了探究干旱胁迫对小蓬竹光合生理的影响,对小蓬竹抗旱能力进行科学的评价,进而为其保育措施、科学栽培和水分管理等研究提供理论依据,以小蓬竹幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽控水法,设置轻度干旱(LD)、中度干旱(MD)和重度干旱(SD)3个胁迫水平及对照(CK),对不同水分条件下小蓬竹的光合色素含量、光合作用和光响应特征进行研究.结果表明:小蓬竹叶片光合色素含量的变化在所有处理间差异不显著.气体交换性指标显示,小蓬竹叶片光合速率(Pn)在LD处理下略高于对照CK,其他参数变化极不显著;MD及SD处理下净光合速率逐渐下降,气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)以及水分利用效率(WUE)逐渐降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)逐渐升高.光响应特征参数显示,与CK相比,LD时各参数变化轻微,随着干旱胁迫的加强,初始量子效率(α)、表观量子效率(AQE)、最大净光合速率(Pnmax)以及光饱和点(LSP)逐渐下降,光补偿点(LCP)逐渐升高,暗呼吸速率(Rd)与CK差异不明显.说明,小蓬竹具有较强的抗旱能力,并且对轻度干旱(LD)环境有良好的适应性.     

Effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on viability and biological functions of murine macrophages

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on the viability and biological functions of murine macrophage. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated both with and without B. subtilis B10 spores for 12 h. Then cell viability was determined to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of B. subtilis B10 spores to the cells, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured to analyze the functions of macrophages. The results showed that B. subtilis B10 spores were not harmful to RAW 264.7 cells and they also strongly enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH (P < 0.01), remarkably increased NO and iNOS production (P < 0.01), and significantly stimulated the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐12 (P < 0.01) while they reduced anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 (P < 0.01). The outcomes suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are not only safe for murine macrophages, but also can activate these cells and enhance their immune function. The above findings suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are potentially probiotic.     

光肩星天牛和星天牛的分子快速鉴定

正光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis和星天牛A. chinensis同属鞘翅目天牛科星天牛属,均为世界性林业蛀干害虫。前者主要为害杨树、柳树、榆树等阔叶树,后者主要为害柑橘、苦楝、木麻黄、柳树等林果植物。2种天牛常以卵或幼虫虫态在港口被截获,从形态上难以区分。在分子标记技术上,随机扩增多态性DNA标记(random amplified polymorphic