Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.     

彰武县东沟小流域综合治理及其效益分析

东沟小流域3年来的综合治理实践证明:根据辽北低山丘陵区风沙、干旱,水土流失严重的特点,进行详细的调查和科学的论证,因地制宜地布置各项水土保持措施,就能收到显著的保水保土效益和较高的经济效益。经统计,在近11km2的水土流失面积上,拦洪量达32.5万m3,拦沙量达到0.93万t。经济效益中的内部收益率为60.6%,经济效益费用比:3.85。     

级进模自动排样冲切刃口设计

针对级进模难于实现自动化的排样问题,通过对不满足悬臂和凹槽强度检验要求的多义线进行分析和对外形轮廓的分解与重组,对级进冲裁模排样系统中冲裁零件的冲切刃口进行了分析与设计;同时为保证凹模壁厚达到强度要求,在分析冲切刃口的干涉关系的基础上,根据分析结果设计了程序,该程序能够自动重新生成级进模各工位的冲切刃口和外形,以实现级进模的自动工序排样。     

维生素C废水厌氧处理生产运行的新技术研究

对生产规模上流式厌氧污泥过滤器处理维生素Ｃ废水的工艺流程和设备进行了合理的改革，以厌氧出水回流与高浓度废水混合稀释降低进水ＣＯＤ浓度，提高进水的总碱度，同时控制反应器水力负荷，从而提高了反应器的处理能力。     

基于定向天线无线传感网络的生猪养殖环境监测系统

猪舍的环境对生猪生长和养殖场的经济效益有很大影响。针对养殖环境参数监测过程中存在有建筑物影响,考虑定向天线具有传输距离远、增益高、抗干扰性特点,该文设计了一款基于定向天线适用于生猪养殖环境监测的无线传感网络。节点以传感器节点以MSP430系列单片机作为主控芯片,无线通信采用nRF905射频模块,温湿度采用SHT11数字传感器,有害气体检测采用H2S和NH3传感器,并以该节点为硬件平台编写了通信协议、应用程序和后台管理软件。试验结果表明,该系统性能稳定,传感精度及其环境自动调控均达到实际应用需求。     

Analysis of Genotype,Environment, and Their Interaction Effects on the Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacities of Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Fourteen red rice varieties were planted in two locations during summer (Hangzhou) and winter (Hainan) to study the effect of genotype and environment on the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities of rice grain. B‐type proanthocyanidins in red rice were detected by LC‐MS/MS and quantified by using the vanillin assay. Analysis of variance showed that total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity were mainly affected by environmental factors, which accounted for more than 60% of the total variance. However, total proanthocyanidin content (TPAC) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity were equally affected by both genotype and environment. The genotype × environment effects were significant for all traits. The pairwise correlations among TPC, TFC, TPAC, ABTS, and DPPH were also significant (r > 0.900, P < 0.001). Principal component analysis identified the genotypes that had higher contents of antioxidants and more stability across environments. This study showed that indirect selection of a simple trait (i.e., TPC) is an effective way to select rice high in antioxidant capacity in breeding programs. This study also suggests that rice should be produced specifically in a certain environment for the end user to minimize the variation in the functional properties and maximize their contents.     

基于VC++6.0的柿子采摘视觉研究及特征参数的提取

实现准确采摘离不开识别和定位这两个关键环节。要实现精确定位首先就必须准确识别果实,确定果实的质心、半径,在此基础上进行三维立体坐标的标定,从而精确计算出果实的空间位置,实现准确采摘。本文在已经获取果实图像的基础上,基于VC++6.0研究果实各种参数提取所需要的图像处理函数,比如阈值变换、窗口变换、中值滤波、梯度锐化、边缘检测、轮廓提取等,以及各种特征参数计算函数,如计算球形果的质心、半径、周长、面积、圆形度、伸长度等的函数。通过对各个果实识别各个环节所需函数来研究采摘机器人的视觉。     

基于灰色关联法的小型农田水利工程建设项目绩效评价研究

运用灰色关联法原理,采用均方差法计算指标权重,根据近年来湖北省进行小型农田水利工程建设项目绩效评价的实际情况,建立了小型农田水利工程建设项目评价定性定量混合指标体系和模型,应用该模型和方法对湖北省2012年第二批20个小农水重点县工程建设项目进行了评价(作为研究,各县、市名以汉语拼音字头代替)。结果表明:LHK、SSS、ZJS、DJK、XTS等14个县为优秀,XCX、TMS、JSX等5个县为良好,CYX为一般,无及格等级的重点县。评价结果与实际基本相符。证明本文所提出的模型和方法可应用于实际,是一种快速便捷的评价工具。     

基于外碾削立式碾米机的离散元法仿真分析

引入离散元仿真技术对碾米机械进行仿真研究,旨在探索碾米机在碾白过程中的碎米机理。通过模拟大米在输送过程来获得速度、运动轨迹等数据,由图表等方式输出模拟结果,可以看到米粒群绕着碾辊做螺旋形前进的运动规律。该技术在粮食机械设计系统的研究中具有重要的推广意义,可为碾米机优化设计提供理论参考,也为其他农业物料精确定量分配提供了一种新的方法。     

以废弃水稻秸秆为原料制备氢气试验研究

随着化石能源的大量消耗和环境危害的日益加剧,开发清洁高效的可再生能源得到了广泛的关注。由于发热量高且对环境无污染,氢能受到人们的重视,氢气制备得到了广泛的发展。生物制氢法利用生物技术分解有机废弃物(如稻草秸秆)制备氢气,该工艺方法具有设备简单、操作容易成本低等优点。为此,本实验以废弃水稻秸秆为原料,使用连续搅拌釜式反应器进行反应制备氢气,研究p H和水力停留时间(HRT)对废弃水稻秸秆发酵产氢的影响。