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91.
Tokushi Komatsu Yumi Higashiyama Michiru Fukasawa Kazuo Katoh Akinori Oshibe 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):271-276
In this study, we investigated the physiological changes in cattle during feeding and rumination. We collected blood samples every 5 min by using an automated blood sampling system and simultaneously recorded feeding, ruminating, and other behaviors using a video camera. Plasma non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations continuously decreased during feeding and decreased temporarily during rumination. Plasma glucose concentration continuously decreased during feeding and remained stable during rumination. During feeding and rumination, there were no characteristic increases and subsequent decreases in plasma insulin and growth hormone (GH) concentrations, although insulin concentrations were positively correlated with glucose concentration. NEFA concentrations were not correlated with GH and insulin concentrations. In terms of chewing behavior, feeding and rumination are similar; therefore, the changes in metabolites such as NEFA might have been the same. Combination of behavioral observations and application of an automated blood sampling system could contribute to new findings on behavioral and physiological changes regarding the temporary decrease in plasma NEFA concentration during rumination in ruminants. 相似文献
92.
Hiromitsu Watanabe 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(2):91-103
This review describes effects of miso with reference to prevention of radiation injury,
cancer and hypertension with a twin focus on epidemiological and experimental evidence.
Miso with a longer fermentation time increased crypt survival against radiation injury in
mice. When evaluating different types of miso provided by different areas in Japan, miso
fermented for a longer period increased the number of surviving crypts, and 180 days of
fermentation was the most significant. Dietary administration of 180-day fermented miso
inhibits the development of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and rat
colon cancers in F344 rats. Miso was also effective in suppression of lung tumors, breast
tumors in rats and liver tumors in mice. The incidence of gastric tumors of groups of rats
given NaCl was higher than those of the groups given miso fermented for longer periods.
Moreover, the systolic blood pressure of the Dahl male rat on 2.3% NaCl was significantly
increased but that of the SD rat was not. However, the blood pressures of the rats on a
diet of miso or commercial control diet (MF) did not increase. Even though miso contains
2.3% NaCl, their blood pressures were as stable as those of rats fed commercial diet
containing 0.3% salt. So we considered that sodium in miso might behave differently
compared with NaCl alone. These biological effects might be caused by longer fermentation
periods. 相似文献
93.
Shogo Matsumoto Yui Furusawa Hiromitsu Komatsu Junichi Soejima 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):634-637
SummaryWe examined S-allele genotypes of ten apple cultivars and species to determine their possible usefulness as pollenizers for all apple cultivars. ‘Dolgo’ did not contain any known S-RNases encoded at the S-locus, suggesting its possible usefulness as a pollenizer for almost all apple cultivars. We also identified and confirmed the S-allele genotypes of 18 apple cultivars by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-digestion analysis. The S-genotype of ‘Kiou’ (S1S7), ‘Korei’ (S3S28), ‘Korin’ (S1S9), ‘Kotoku’ (S1S28), ‘Kyokkou (S7S25), ‘Lobo’ (S1S7), ’Mahe 7’ (S2S7), ‘Mellow’ (S2S3), ‘Takahara’ (S3S9) and ‘Warabi’ (S9S28) were confirmed by pollination results. These cultivars seemed not to have originated from the expected seed or pollen parents or, in the case of ‘Lobo’, might have been mislabelled. Finally, we identified the S-allele genotypes of ‘Prima’ (S2S10), ‘Querina’ (S3S9) and ‘Yoko’ × ‘Prima’ (S3S10), which are resistant to scab. 相似文献
94.
95.
Adaptation of cropping schedules in response to climate change is essential for increasing rice productivity. In the present study, we analyzed yield, cropping schedule and cultivar characteristics records from 1958 to 2007 in a case study of four prefectures in northern Japan, where low temperatures can severely limit rice growth. Grain yield in all prefectures increased over time, with a higher increase from 1958 to 1982 (2.4 g m−2 y−1) than from 1983 to 2007 (1.0 g m−2 y−1). The transplanting date became 0.07–0.91 days y−1 earlier before 1983, but did not appear to change thereafter. The growing period duration from transplanting to harvesting increased over time, especially during the first 25 years. We observed a significant correlation between grain yield and transplanting date before 1983. The length of the potential growing period, defined as the period from the earliest potential date for transplanting and the latest potential date for harvesting, increased over time in all four prefectures. The gap between the actual growing period and the potential growing period increased after 1983. The safe reproductive period, which is defined as the duration within which rice can escape cold damage during its reproductive stage, did not appear to change over time. Based on these results, we discuss future cropping schedules capable of increasing rice productivity under a changing climate in the future. 相似文献
96.
Hikaru Komatsu Yuka Onozawa Tomonori Kume Kenji Tsuruta Tomo’omi Kumagai Yoshinori Shinohara Kyoichi Otsuki 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
In western Japan, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forests have been expanding by replacing surrounding vegetation such as coniferous plantation forests and natural broadleaved forests. It has been speculated that the replacement of surrounding vegetation by bamboo forests could alter the vegetation water cycle and available water resources. We quantified stand-scale transpiration (E) in a bamboo forest on the basis of sap-flux measurements and compared the E value with values for coniferous forests. The annual E was estimated to be 567 mm. Seasonal trends in E primarily corresponded to seasonal trends in the vapor pressure deficit. Annual E for the bamboo forest was higher than that for the coniferous forests by 12% of annual precipitation (P). This difference in annual E is comparable with the difference in annual interception evaporation (I) relative to P between bamboo and coniferous forests; previous studies reported lower I for bamboo forests by ∼10% of P. Thus, the sum of E and I was comparable for bamboo and coniferous forests. As this study is the first measuring E of bamboo forests, further studies are required to examine the generality of our results. 相似文献
97.
Hideaki Tanoue Teruhisa Komatsu Takurou Tsujino Ippei Suzuki Masayoshi Watanabe Hideki Goto Nobuyuki Miyazaki 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(3):533-538
The feeding events of wild animals have been widely researched in recent decades. The use of invasive methods to determine
stomach contents in which the fish is killed can, however, be considered to be unjustifiable in the case of an endangered
fish, such as the Japanese late. Here, we report on a method that can be used to verify feeding events of a fish species without
the need for killing the fish through the use of a high-speed video camera and a three-axis micro-acceleration data-logger.
High-quality images obtained by the video showed that the fish opens its mouth with a quick downward movement of the mandibles
and ingests prey via suction feeding. The movement of the mandibles was also simultaneously recorded by changes in the three-axis
accelerations obtained by the logger attached to the dorsum. We attached the logger with an automatic release system to the
dorsum of one captive Japanese lates and two wild fish together with an acoustic transmitter and then released the fish in
the Shimanto River in Japan. After retrieving the logger, the movement records of the fish obtained by the three-axis accelerometer
showed the same pattern of feeding events as those in captivity. A total of 13 feeding events at night and five during the
daytime were obtained for the three fish during a total 129.7 h of recording. 相似文献
98.
Kazuhiro Shiozaki Sena Ryuzono Naoto Matsushita Asami Ikeda Kazuki Takeshita Petros Kingstone Chigwechokha Masaharu Komatsu Taeko Miyagi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(5):1461-1472
Glycoconjugates are known to be involved in many physiological events in vertebrates. Sialidase is one of the glycosidases, which removes sialic acid from glycoconjugates. In mammals, the properties and physiological functions of sialidases have been investigated, while there is little understanding of fish sialidase. Here, to investigate the significance of fish neu4 sialidase, neu4 gene was cloned from medaka brain mRNA and identified. Sialidase-specific motifs (GPG, YRVP and Asp-Box) were well conserved in the medaka neu4 polypeptide. Optimal pH of medaka neu4 sialidase was 4.6, but its activity was sustained even at neutral and weak alkaline pH. The neu4 considerably cleaved sialic acid from 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-α-d-neuraminic acid and sialyllactose, but not from ganglioside and fetuin, which are good substrates for human NEU4. neu4 activity was mostly detected in mitochondria/lysosome fraction after biochemical fractionation, and indirect immunofluorescence assays revealed neu4 localization in lysosome in neu4 overexpressed cells. Next, developmental change in medaka neu4 and other sialidase mRNA levels were estimated by real-time PCR. Each sialidases showed different expression patterns in embryonic development: neu4 was up-regulated at late developmental stage in embryo, and neu3a mRNA level was quite high in 0.5 dpf. On the other hand, neu3b expression was drastically increased after hatching, suggesting that each sialidase may play a different role in embryonic development. 相似文献
99.
100.
Ishigaki K Noya M Kagawa Y Ike K Orima H Imai S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(8):1051-1055
A one-month male Greyhound dog presented with a swinging gait of the hindlimbs, and later developed muscular atrophy of the femoral region and hyperextension of hindlimbs. The dog had positive serum IFAT titers to Neospora caninum, but a negative titer in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). N. caninum-specific DNA was amplified from the CSF using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Clusters of protozoa in biopsied muscle fibers were subsequently confirmed as N. caninum tachyzoites by immunohistochemical examination. Early recognition and treatment are necessary for effective recovery of clinical canine neosporosis, but antemortem diagnosis is difficult. We suggest that the detection of parasite deoxyribonucleic acid in the CSF is a useful antemortem diagnostic method in facilitating treatment of this disease. 相似文献