嘉宝果果皮提取物体外降糖活性研究

[目的]研究嘉宝果果皮提取物的体外降糖活性,为嘉宝果果皮中降血糖成分的开发和利用提供参考依据.[方法]以阿卡波糖为对照,采用分光光度法测定嘉宝果果皮粗提物及其不同极性部位对α-葡萄糖苷酶和猪胰α-淀粉酶的抑制活性,并通过Lineweaver-Burk双倒数法分析各提取物的酶促动力学.[结果]果皮粗提物及其正丁醇部位、乙酸乙酯部位和水部位对α-葡萄糖苷酶的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.005、0.029、0.020和0.242 mg/mL,均远低于阿卡波糖(IC50=11.201 mg/mL);Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图显示,果皮粗提物及其正丁醇部位和乙酸乙酯部位对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用类型均为混合型抑制,水部位为竞争性抑制,阿卡波糖为非竞争性抑制.果皮粗提物及其正丁醇部位、乙酸乙酯部位和水部位对猪胰α-淀粉酶的IC50分别为0.242、0.686、1.426和33.315 mg/mL,均高于阿卡波糖(IC50=0.184 mg/mL);Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图显示,果皮粗提物对猪胰α-淀粉酶的抑制作用类型为反竞争性抑制,阿卡波糖为混合型抑制.[结论]嘉宝果果皮粗提物及其各极性部位对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性均高于阿卡波糖,对猪胰α-淀粉酶的抑制活性均低于阿卡波糖,可在一定程度上选择性抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶,具有减少胃肠道不良反应的潜力,可用于天然降糖功能因子的开发.     

Development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybean via direct selection with glyphosate

Glyphosate-tolerant soybean is the most widely planted genetically modified crop worldwide. However, soybean remains recalcitrant to routine transformation because of the low infection efficiency of Agrobacterium to soybean and lack of useful selectable markers. In this study, several Agrobacterium strains and cell densities were compared by transient expression of the GUS gene. The results showed that Agrobacterium strain Ag10 at cell densities of OD_(600) of 0.6–0.9 yielded the highest infection efficiency in Agrobacterium-mediated soybean cotyledonary node transformation system. Meanwhile, a simple and rapid method was developed for identification of glyphosate tolerance in putative T_0 transgenic plants, consisting of spotting plantlets with 1 μL Roundup~?. The whole cycle of genetic transformation could be shortened to about 3 mon by highly efficient selection with glyphosate during the transformation process and application of the spot assay in putative T_0 transgenic plantlets. The transformation frequency ranged from 2.9 to 5.6%. This study provides an improved protocol for development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybeans.     

浅谈人文关怀视域下的高校学生资助工作

农村贫困大学生群体是社会上的弱势群体,也是一个特殊的群体。本文从人文关怀的角度 出发,分析人文关怀在高校资助工作中的重要性,呈现高校学生资助工作中存在的主要问题,并提出 具有针对性的对策,以进一步完善高校资助工作。     

菠萝酸性转化酶基因家族初步生物信息学及表达分析

酸性转化酶（acid invertase, AIN）在菠萝采后蔗糖降解过程中起着重要作用,基于菠萝全基因组数据库,预测菠萝AIN家族基因并进行生物信息学分析,解析其在采后菠萝不同贮藏温度下的表达变化情况,为阐明AIN基因在采后菠萝果实贮藏特性中的作用奠定基础。以水稻AIN家族基因为探针,在菠萝全基因组中鉴定到2个菠萝细胞壁酸性转化酶基因（cell wall acid invertase, CWIN）和2个液泡酸性转化酶基因（vacuolar acid invertase, VIN）,分别命名为AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2、AcVIN1、AcVIN2,设计编码区引物进行测序验证,并进行生物信息学分析。进化分析结果表明,AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2和AcVIN1、AcVIN2蛋白分别归于细胞壁酸性转化酶和液泡酸性转化酶2个进化支上,且均属于糖基水解酶家族GH32,基因结构、保守域和保守基序均一致。荧光定量分析结果表明,菠萝果肉中AcVIN1和AcVIN2在果实采后贮藏过程中表达量升高,且AcVIN1在发生黑心病的部位大量表达,而AcCWIN1和AcCWIN2在采后贮藏过程中表达量逐渐降低,且随着贮藏温度的升高其表达量降低,预示AcVIN1、AcVIN2较AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2在菠萝采后蔗糖降解和黑心病的发生方面发挥着更为重要的作用。     

草海桐链格孢叶斑病菌生物学特性及杀菌剂的室内筛选

西沙群岛草海桐链格孢叶斑病发生普遍,前期笔者鉴定了该病的病原菌为长柄链格孢菌（Alternaria longipes）。为进一步明确该病原菌的生物学特性及其对杀菌剂的敏感性,采用生长速率法对长柄链格孢菌的生物学特性进行了初步研究,并测定了苯醚甲环唑等13种杀菌剂对该病原菌的室内毒力。结果表明：该菌菌落最适生长培养基为马铃薯葡萄糖固体培养基（PDA）,其次是马铃薯蔗糖固体培养基（PSA）;适宜生长温度范围为25~30℃,最适生长温度为28℃;适宜生长pH为5.0~7.0,最适pH为6.0;最佳碳源为蔗糖,而果糖不利于菌落生长;最佳氮源为甘氨酸,而尿素不利于菌落生长;光照时间对菌落生长无显著影响。室内毒力测定表明,苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的抑菌效果最好,EC₅₀值为0.15 μg/mL,其次是氟硅唑乳油、己唑醇悬浮剂和戊菌唑乳油,其EC₅₀值分别为0.37、0.44和0.51 μg/mL,嘧菌酯悬浮剂和多菌灵可湿性粉剂的抑菌效果最差,EC₅₀值均大于3000 μg/mL。     

Soluble Klotho protein suppresses THP-1-derived foam cell formation

AIMTo investigate the role of soluble Klotho protein in THP-1-derived foam cell formation. METHODSTHP-1 monocytes were induced into macrophages by treatment with 160 nmol/L phorbol myristate acetate for 48 h, and then were divided into 6 groups: negative control group (THP-1-derived macrophages), positive control group [THP-1-derived foam cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 48 h], and 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/L soluble Klotho protein groups (THP-1-derived macrophages pretreated with soluble Klotho protein at the indicat?ed concentraions for 2 h and then induced by ox-LDL for 48 h). Lipid droplets in cytoplasm were observed by oil red O staining. The cholesterol outflow rate was detected by scintillation counting technique. The content of intracellular total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesterol ester was detected by enzyme fluorescence analysis. The expression of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 （ACAT1） and ATP-binding cassette transport?er A1 (ABCA1) at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTSOil red O staining and lipid mass quantification showed that THP-1-derived foam cell formation was dose-dependently suppressed by soluble Klotho protein. The cholesterol efflux rate of THP-1-derived foam cells was increased by soluble Klotho protein in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In addition, soluble Klotho protein decreased the expression of ACAT1 and increased the expression of ABCA1 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The soluble Klotho protein inhibits THP-1-derived foam cell formation in a dose-dependent manner by down-regulating the expression of ACAT1 and up-regulating the expression of ABCA1.     

甜樱桃园春季管理技术要点

从果园建立、整形修剪、土肥水管理、花果管理、病虫害防治和预防晚霜危害等方面介绍了甜樱桃园的春季管理要点,为同时做好疫情防控和果园管理提供参考。     

不同培养基继代培养蜡蚧轮枝菌对产孢量和烟粉虱毒力的影响

为了探究不同培养基继代培养的蜡蚧轮枝菌对烟粉虱的作用效果,通过继代培养方法测定JMC-01、JMC-02菌株的产孢量、对烟粉虱的毒力及其几丁质酶活性。结果表明,JMC-01、JMC-02菌株在添加蝉蜕和烟粉虱的PDA培养基中连续培养5代的产孢量、对烟粉虱的毒力、几丁质酶活性均高于无添加的PDA培养基,且JMC-01菌株的各项参数均高于JMC-02菌株。JMC-01菌株在添加蝉蜕的PDA培养基中T_1和T_3代的产孢量最大,均为1.279×10~7个/mL,T_3代对烟粉虱的毒力最大,为88.33%,T_5代的几丁质酶活最高,为0.268 3 U/mL;在添加烟粉虱的PDA培养基中,JMC-01菌株的最大产孢量、对烟粉虱的最高毒力和最高几丁质酶活分别出现在S_2、S_4和S_5代,分别为1.270×10~7个/mL、88.33%和0.325 4 U/mL。回归分析结果显示,JMC-01、JMC-02菌株几丁质酶活性与烟粉虱校正死亡率呈显著的正相关,且拟合优度较好。本试验表明JMC-01、JMC-02菌株均对烟粉虱具有较强的毒力,添加蝉蜕和烟粉虱的培养基可以维持菌株生长特性、增加产孢量、延缓菌株退化、增强菌株的几丁质酶活性,为烟粉虱的生物防治提供了新的菌种资源。     

低温胁迫对不同产地降香黄檀幼苗生理特征影响

为探讨低温胁迫下降香黄檀的生理变化,筛选降香黄檀耐寒产地和向北引种栽培推广提供依据。通过来自8个不同产地的降香黄檀幼苗进行人工模拟先降温再复温处理,测定分析降香黄檀幼苗叶片的细胞膜透性、保护酶活性和激素等10个生理生化指标的变化规律,并通过方差分析、多重比较、主成分分析等方法筛选抗寒性能力强的产地降香黄檀。结果表明,8个产地降香黄檀叶片的REC、MDA含量和POD、SOD和CAT活性随着胁迫温度的降低而升高。低温胁迫下ABA显著>对照,GA₃、IAA和ZR减少。运用主成分分析和隶属函数法综合评价结果表明,8个不同产地降香黄檀抗寒能力大小依次为四川乐山、浙江温州、贵州罗甸、广东怀集、广东韶关、广西崇左、广东高要、海南尖峰。通过低温驯化,可以适当增强降香黄檀幼苗的耐寒能力。