四川石渠县牦牛源蜱感染巴尔通体的分子流行病学调查

为了解四川省石渠县牦牛体表寄生蜱的种类及其巴尔通体的感染情况。采集牦牛体表的蜱,经形态学初步鉴定后,提取蜱总DNA,PCR扩增蜱细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因和巴尔通体gltA基因,对阳性产物测序、比对,并构建系统进化树,从而确定蜱及其携带巴尔通体的种类。结果表明:在石渠县4个乡共采集到蜱818只,其中西藏革蜱占78.97%(646/818)、青海血蜱占21.03%(172/818);蜱巴尔通体的总感染率为30.07%,其中阿日扎乡、麻甲乡、德荣玛乡、长须干玛乡蜱巴尔通体的感染率分别为4.76%、76.79%、12.50%、17.95%,麻甲乡西藏革蜱巴尔通体感染率显著高于其他地点(P<0.01),麻甲乡青海血蜱巴尔通体感染率(79.07%)高于西藏革蜱(69.23%),但无显著差异(P>0.05)。经比对分析,总共得到3条序列(uncultured Bartonella sp. shiqu 1,uncultured Bartonella sp. shiqu 2和uncultured Bartonella sp. shiqu 3)。遗传进化分析显示,uncultured Bartonella sp. shiqu 1和uncultured Bartonella sp. shiqu 2与未定种的Bartonella spp. RF124HAIN (FJ464240)亲缘关系最近;uncultured Bartonella sp. Shiqu 3与对人有致病性的Bartonella melophagi亲缘关系最近。综上,石渠县存在西藏革蜱和青海血蜱,蜱巴尔通体感染率较高,并且具有感染人的风险。     

Autophagy induces mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons from neonatal rats with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

AIM: To explore the influence of autophagy on the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in the neurons in a neonatal rat hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) model. METHODS: Ten-day-old rat pups (n=30) were randomly divided into sham group and model group. The rats in the latter group were subject to hypoxia-ischemia treatment via unilateral common carotid artery ligation. The rats were sacrificed for brain pathological examination, and the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and LC3B-II were detected by immunohistochemical analysis. For the in vitro experiments, the autophagy of primarily cultured rat neurons was observed after hypoxia, and Western blot and mitochondrial function testing were also performed. RESULTS: Compare with sham group, the hypoxia-ischemia treatment caused atrophy and apoptosis of neurons, and ventricular area enlargement of rat brains. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated significantly higher levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-associated proteins, such as cleaved caspase-3 and LC3B-II (P<0.01). In vitro experiments demonstrated that hypoxia induced autophagy and apoptosis in the neurons. Compared with sham group, there were higher levels of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide, and lower mitochondrial membrane potential in the model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: In neonatal HIE rat model, the hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is related to apoptosis and autophagy. It will provide a new idea for administration of autopahgy inducer agents in treatment of HIE.     

Effect of DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region on hepatic injury induced by homocysteine

AIM: To explore the role of DNA methylation of microRNA-30a-5p(miR-30a-5p) promoter region in hepatic injury. METHODS: Four-week-old normal mice and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) single gene knockout mice were used and divided into normal (CBS^+/+, n=12) group and single gene knockout (CBS^+/-, n=12) group, and the mice were fed with high methionine diet for 8 weeks. HL-7702 hepatic cells were routinely cultured in vitro and divided into control group, homocysteine (Hcy) group and Hcy+5-azacytidne (AZC) group. Serum Hcy, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of ALT and AST in the cells culture medium were determined by the microplate method. Hepatic injury in the mice were observed with HE staining. Cell viability staining was used to measure the viability of hepatocytes. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-30a-5p in the liver tissues and hepatocytes. The correlation between the expression of miR-30a-5p and serum ALT and AST levels was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. DNA methylation level of miR-30a-5p promoter region in the liver tissues and hepatocytes was detected by nested landing methylation-specific PCR (nMS-PCR). RESULTS: Compared with the CBS^+/+ mice, the serum levels of Hcy, ALT and AST in the CBS^+/- mice were significantly increased (P < 0.05). HE staining showed the hepatocyte swelling and nuclear fragmentation and dissolution. The expression level of miR-30a-5p in the liver tissues was decreased (P < 0.01). Besides, the expression level of miR-30a-5p in the mice was negatively correlated with serum ALT and AST levels (r²=0.4557, P=0.0003, r²=0.4626, P=0.0003), and the DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region was increased (P < 0.01). In the HL-7702 cells, compared with control group,the ALT and AST levels were increased in Hcy group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the cell viability was remarkablely decreased. DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region was increased (P < 0.01), which decreased after treated the cells with AZC (P < 0.05), while the expression level of miR-30a-5p in the cells was increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hypermethylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region may play an important role in hepatic injury.     

文心兰新品种‘海文吉祥1号’

文心兰新品种‘海文吉祥1号’是由文心兰‘柠檬绿’（HoneyAngle）组培苗芽变株选育而来。花梗直立坚挺,花瓣和萼瓣淡黄色,唇瓣柱头处呈黄色,向四周边缘逐渐变浅成乳白色。为切花型品种,观赏价值高,应用前景广。     

不同有机肥对采煤塌陷区土壤氮素矿化动态特征研究

为揭示不同有机肥对煤矿复垦土壤氮素矿化特性的影响,以山西省孝义市水峪煤矿采煤塌陷复垦土壤为研究对象,采用室内好气培养法,研究在40%含水量和30℃培养条件下,施用3种有机肥(鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪)后在0~161天的氮素矿化动态特征,以明确不同有机肥对该矿区复垦土壤氮素矿化特征,从而预估不同有机肥的供氮特性,为合理施用有机肥进行低产农田的培肥改造提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)各处理0~14天铵态氮含量均随培养时间的延长迅速下降,与培养时间呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),14~161天土壤铵态氮含量维持在较低水平,培养结束时,各处理铵态氮含量均低于1.31mg/kg。(2)各处理土壤硝态氮含量、累积量及矿质氮累积量变化均呈近似的“S”形曲线递增,表现为0~56天缓慢增加,56~84天迅速增加,84天至培养结束(161天)其含量基本不变。培养结束时不同处理间硝态氮含量、累积量及矿质氮累积量整体上均表现为鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪>空白,且鸡粪较猪粪和牛粪处理间存在显著差异,猪粪和牛粪较空白处理间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)不同施肥处理出现氮素净矿化的时间点不同,其中鸡粪处理在第14天时最早出现净矿化现象,而猪粪和牛粪在培养28天后才出现明显的氮素净矿化。(4)不同施肥处理在培养的不同阶段硝态氮和矿质氮累积速率不同,但整体趋势一致,表现为培养0~84天各处理土壤累积矿化波动较大,56~84天达到峰值,培养84~161天各处理矿化速率平稳下降。总体来看,有机肥的施入能有效促进煤矿复垦土壤氮素矿化,从而提高土壤氮素有效性。其中,施鸡粪较猪粪和牛粪对提高矿区复垦土壤有效氮效果更好。4种处理的氮素矿化效果总体表现为鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪>空白。     

液电混合直线驱动系统位置控制特性研究

提出了一种采用电-机械直线执行器和液压缸的液电混合直线驱动系统。为消除电-机械直线执行器和液压缸之间的耦合影响,液压泵和比例阀协同控制液压缸输出力和运行方向,满足系统负载力需求,电-机械直线执行器用于运动控制,并补偿液压缸输出力波动和外部干扰力。为实现上述目标,设计了基于扩张状态观测器的电-机械直线执行器自适应滑模控制方法,以估计的负载力调节泵压力和比例阀开度,对液压缸输出力进行调控。比例阀在系统运行中主要用于控制液压缸运动方向,阀开度较大,可显著降低节流损失。通过仿真和试验分析了系统的运行特性和能效特性。结果表明,该系统具有良好的位置控制特性,能量效率高,较传统阀控系统能耗减少51%。     

河南省豆科植物根瘤菌表型多样性研究

在河南省根瘤菌资源调查的基础上 ,选取 2 9株快生根瘤菌和 34株参比菌株 ,进行了 10 2项表型性状测定和聚类分析。结果表明 :不同地理来源、甚至同一地理来源或同种寄主的不同菌株在碳氮源利用、抗生素抗性、耐逆性等方面存在着较大的多样性。有 7株菌对链霉素、青霉素和白霉素有较强的耐受性 ;有 2 3株和 2 5株菌可分别耐受 2 .0 g/ L的香酚兰和中性红 ;有 2株菌可在含 5 0 g/ L Na Cl的 YMA培养基上生长 ;有 6株菌在 p H值 11条件下能够生长。在 84 %的相似性水平上未知菌株构成了 2个独立的表观群 ,其中 Cluster 1有 7株菌 ,中心菌株为 H 0 38;Cluster 2有 3株菌 ,中心菌株为 H0 2 6。     

植物激素和光暗培养条件对卷丹百合再生体系的影响

【目的】探究植物激素和光暗培养条件对卷丹百合（Lilium lancifolium Thunb）再生体系的影响,为卷丹百合种质资源开发和大面积推广种植打下基础。【方法】以卷丹百合鳞片为外植体,分析培养基中不同植物激素［NAA、6-BA、2,4-D、噻苯隆（TDZ）和毒莠定（PIC）］配比及光（光照时间14 h/d）、暗（全天黑暗）培养条件对卷丹百合鳞片愈伤组织诱导、增殖及不定芽再生的影响,建立卷丹百合组培高效再生体系。【结果】与不添加任何激素的对照（CK）相比,添加激素的培养基均能显著提高卷丹百合鳞片愈伤组织的诱导率（P<0.05）,其中TDZ 0.4 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L组合的效果最佳,暗培养条件下其愈伤组织诱导率达65.57%;在TDZ 0.4 mg/L+2,4-D 0.05 mg/L的培养基中暗培养20 d后,再转入TDZ 0.4 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L的培养基中继续暗培养40 d,愈伤组织增殖倍数最高,可达2.45倍。6-BA与NAA组合比6-BA与PIC组合更利于诱导不定芽的产生,芽再生倍数最高的培养基为6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,暗培养条件下其再生倍数最高可达6.08倍。与光培养相比,暗培养更利于愈伤组织诱导和增殖,但在愈伤组织诱导不定芽阶段,长时间暗培养不利于芽的生长,暗培养20 d后转移至光培养条件下继续培养40 d,生成的不定芽色泽鲜绿,叶片伸展,长势旺盛,利于壮苗和生根。【结论】卷丹百合组织培养的不同阶段受不同种类和浓度的植物激素组合影响;暗培养条件更利于愈伤组织的诱导和增殖,暗培养结合光培养条件最适合不定芽的再生和分化。     

奶油栓孔菌的鉴定及其生物学特性

【目的】对采自福建省南平市浦城县的一株白色多孔菌DKJ进行鉴定和遗传多样性分析,探究该菌株的生物学特性,分析比较其菌丝体和子实体水提物的抗氧化活性及乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌活性,为奶油栓孔菌的进一步开发利用提供参考。【方法】采用形态学观察和rDNA ITS序列分析相结合的方法,对采集的多孔菌株DKJ进行鉴定;基于ITS1、5.8S、ITS2序列长度、GC含量和变异情况,对其遗传差异进行分析;以其菌丝生长速度为评价指标,通过单因素试验及正交试验筛选菌丝体最适生长条件;测定其菌丝体和子实体水提物对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的清除率及对铁离子的还原能力,评价奶油栓孔菌的抗氧化活性;测定奶油栓孔菌菌丝体和子实体乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径,评价其抑菌活性。【结果】形态学观察和rDNA ITS序列分析表明,该白色多孔菌为奶油栓孔菌(Trametes lactinea),不同地域奶油栓孔菌ITS1、5.8S、ITS2序列长度分别为165～233,158,187～198 bp; GC含量分别为46.77%～52.00%,46.20%～47.47%,50.76%～53.48%;ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列总变异率为6.44%,表明其在自然界中具有一定的遗传多样性。奶油栓孔菌菌丝生长的最适培养条件为:以蔗糖为碳源,酵母浸粉为氮源,pH=5,培养温度35℃。奶油栓孔菌菌丝体和子实体水提物均具有一定的抗氧化活性,质量浓度4 mg/mL的菌丝体水提物对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的清除率分别为99.05%,41.30%和82.09%,对铁离子的还原能力为211.90μmol/L,均显著强于子实体时期。奶油栓孔菌菌丝体和子实体乙酸乙酯提取物均具有一定的抑菌活性,质量浓度15 mg/mL的子实体乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑制效果均优于菌丝体。【结论】奶油栓孔菌在自然界具有一定的遗传多样性,其菌丝体水提物的抗氧化活性强于子实体,而子实体乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌活性强于菌丝体。     

枸芪提取物对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质及鸡蛋营养成分的影响

[目的]通过对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质、氨基酸、脂肪酸成分的检测,探究枸芪提取物作为饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖中的适用性,为未来实用型添加剂的开发提供理论基础.[方法]选用3 600只315日龄的健康大午金凤蛋鸡作为试验动物.随机分成对照组与处理组,每个组设12个重复,每重复150只鸡.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加0.1％枸芪提取物的基础日粮,饲养84d.测定蛋鸡的生产性能、鸡蛋品质和鸡蛋营养成分.[结果]枸芪提取物的饲喂可显著提高蛋鸡平均蛋质量,显著降低异常蛋数(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,试验组鸡蛋品质中蛋黄颜色显著加深(P＜0.05),35～56 d、63～84 d的蛋壳质量显著提高(P＜0.05),饲养35～56 d哈氏单位、浓蛋白高度显著提高.另外,试验组显著提高鸡蛋中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸这些风味氨基酸的含量(P＜0.05),以及蛋黄中总不饱和脂肪酸的含量(P＜0.05),尤其是降低了 n-3不饱和脂肪酸的含量,同时降低蛋黄中总饱和脂肪酸/总脂肪酸的比例.[结论]枸芪提取物在一定程度上可提高蛋鸡的生产性能,改善鸡蛋品质,优化鸡蛋营养成分.