Soil aggregate characteristics and stability of soil carbon stocks in a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus tabulaeformis</Emphasis> plantation

Pinus tabulaeformis has been widely planted in order to conserve soil and water and improve the ecological environment in China. This study aimed to unravel how soil aggregates and soil carbon (C) stock stability of a P. tabulaeformis plantation change after 60 years of natural development and was performed in Vitex negundo var. heterophylla and Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa shrub (shrub), a P. tabulaeformis forest (pine), and a coniferous broadleaf P. tabulaeformis mixed forest (pine-oak). Afforestation increased the stability of soil aggregates in the 0–10 cm soil layer but resulted in a decrease in the 10–20 cm soil layer. However, the presence of deciduous broadleaf species in the pine plantation improved the stability of soil aggregates. The total soil C stock was increased by afforestation, especially in the pine-oak forest, where it reached a significant level. The mineral soil C stock in the shrub stand was higher than that in pine and lower than that in pine-oak forests, but the C fractions had a different change. Afforestation increased the C fraction of macroaggregates in the 0–10 cm soil layer but decreased it in the 10–20 cm soil layer. This result suggested that afforestation could improve soil C stabilization in deeper soil. However, the pine-oak forest had a higher C fraction of macroaggregates than the pine forest in the 10–20 cm soil layer, indicating that soil C stabilization of the P. tabulaeformis plantation decreased when deciduous broadleaf species were present and thus formed the coniferous broadleaf mixed forest.     

甘肃黄鸡蛋用性能的研究

为探讨甘肃黄鸡的选育效果及其利用价值,对甘肃黄鸡蛋用性能进行了较为系统的测定。结果：甘肃黄鸡１７２ｄ开产,３００ｄ产蛋量为９３．２２个,蛋重为５４．７６ｇ;产蛋期料蛋比为２．９６。     

安徽中籼稻主要产量因子结构研究

以安徽省2000—2005年的中籼稻区域试验和联合鉴定试验的424个品种(组合)为材料,对产量性状作了相关分析及主成份分析。分析结果表明:产量和每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重均呈极显著正相关,与有效穗呈显著正相关,每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率与有效穗呈极显著负相关,千粒重与有效穗呈负相关。所以在中籼品种(组合)的高产育种中,应以选每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数为主攻目标,即要选育穗大粒多型品种,不必过于追求有效穗和千粒重。穗实粒数、产量与全生育期存在一定的正相关关系,但不显著,即生育期短的品种(组合)也可以实现高产。主成份分析也表明穗实粒数、穗总粒数是高产育种主攻的关键。并在分析基础上提出了中籼稻品种(组合)高产育种策略建议,为中籼新品种(组合)的选育提供参考。     

Incidence and effects of West Nile virus infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated horses in California

A prospective cohort study was used to estimate the incidence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in a group of unvaccinated horses (n = 37) in California and compare the effects of natural WNV infection in these unvaccinated horses to a group of co-mingled vaccinated horses (n = 155). Horses initially were vaccinated with either inactivated whole virus (n = 87) or canarypox recombinant (n = 68) WNV vaccines during 2003 or 2004, prior to emergence of WNV in the region. Unvaccinated horses were serologically tested for antibodies to WNV by microsphere immunoassay incorporating recombinant WNV E protein (rE MIA) in December 2003, December 2004, and every two months thereafter until November 2005. Clinical neurologic disease attributable to WNV infection (West Nile disease (WND)) developed in 2 (5.4%) of 37 unvaccinated horses and in 0 of 155 vaccinated horses. One affected horse died. Twenty one (67.7%) of 31 unvaccinated horses that were seronegative to WNV in December, 2004 seroconverted to WNV before the end of the study in November, 2005. Findings from the study indicate that currently-available commercial vaccines are effective in preventing WND and their use is financially justified because clinical disease only occurred in unvaccinated horses and the mean cost of each clinical case of WND was approximately 45 times the cost of a 2-dose WNV vaccination program.     

新平冰糖橙果园营养水平与产量、品质状况系统分析

为全面了解云南省新平县冰糖橙果园营养与产量、品质水平现状,并为冰糖橙优质丰产栽培施肥技术提供理论依据,选择新平县主产冰糖橙乡镇22个典型果园,采集果实、春梢叶片和土壤等样品各105份,对果实内在品质指标和所有样品的矿质营养元素含量进行了系统检测分析,揭示新平冰糖橙产量、品质水平及其与营养状况的关系。结果表明,新平冰糖橙果园土壤大多为酸性红壤,pH值平均为5.73;土壤整体较为贫瘠,有机质缺乏占52%;土壤碱解N缺乏占96%,有效P、速效K含量缺乏和过量并存。叶片P、Zn、Mg含量普遍缺乏,其比例分别达95%、93%、60%,而叶片Cu、Mn、Fe和N含量过高,过量比例分别为93%、63%、51%和36%。新平冰糖橙果园整体产量低、品质较差,株产平均为23.1 kg,果实可食率为59.96%,可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸(TA)和Vc含量分别为10.13%、0.49%和40 mg·100 mL~(-1),有较大提升空间。每生产1 t冰糖橙果实所需的N、P_2O_5、K_2O分别为2.63～3.15、0.88～1.05、4.38～5.25 kg。土壤、叶片养分含量与产量、品质指标的相关性分析表明,土壤碱解氮含量与产量显著正相关,与Vc含量极显著正相关;土壤速效钾含量与TSS含量极显著正相关;叶片N含量与TSS含量呈显著负相关;叶片Mg含量与TSS含量,叶片Ca含量与果皮厚度,叶片Zn含量与TSS、Vc含量均呈极显著正相关。综上所述,新平冰糖橙果实品质低、果园间差异大,土壤与树体养分波动性较大,叶片缺Zn而Cu过量普遍,部分果园缺Mg而N过量,多数果园为酸性红壤导致养分易流失而贫瘠。因此,施肥管理上建议适当增加施肥次数,缓效氮肥代替速效氮肥,重视有机肥深施,针对性施用中微肥,尤其是Mg和Zn营养补充,为新平冰糖橙提质增效施肥管理提供理论依据与技术支持。     

不同种植间距对香根草植物边坡优先流发育特征的影响

[目的]分析优先流在香根草边坡中的发育特征,研究植物根系与优先流之间的关系,为进一步研究降雨条件下植物根系对边坡土体稳定性的影响提供理论依据。[方法]以种植间距为50 cm和10 cm的香根草为研究对象,模拟30 mm和50 mm两种不同的降雨量,采用示踪剂试验研究了香根草边坡土壤的优先流发育特征。[结果]香根草种植间距从50 cm减少到10 cm会增大边坡的水力响应。在50 mm的降雨量作用下,10 cm种植间距的香根草边坡土壤的染色面积比率和优先流比分别是50 cm的1.55,1.76倍。表层土0—10 cm土层深度范围内染色路径数量变化不明显,在10—35 cm深度土层范围,10 cm种植间距的染色路径数量多于50 cm种植间距的香根草边坡土壤。当降雨量由30 mm增加至50 mm时,水流会通过优势通道更迅速迁移到边坡土壤中。降雨量为30 mm土壤的染色面积比率(36.11%)和优先流比(67.25%)小于50 mm土壤的染色面积比率(49.68%)和优先流比(79.96%),并且染色路径数量随着降雨量的增加而增多。[结论]香根草根系特征与优先流关系密切。选择植物护坡时,应合理选...     

浙江遂昌毛竹产业发展的困境与对策

为促进浙江遂昌毛竹产业可持续发展,深入分析了遂昌县毛竹产业发展的现状、存在的问题。结果表明：毛竹一产春笋、竹材价格下降,生产成本上升,劳动力缺乏;二产规模企业不足,环保问题未能有效破解,产业链不完整,初加工废料和毛竹采伐剩余物竹枝、竹叶绝大部分还未充分利用;三产毛竹产业文创产品和旅游产品开发相对滞后。为此,摆脱毛竹产业的困境,必须通过体制机制创新,主体培育壮大,生产要素集聚,落实“主攻二产、发展三产、提升一产”的措施,实现一二三产融合发展。     

浙江舟山岛松材线虫入侵后松林群落的自然演替和特征

对舟山岛21个松材线虫病入侵前的马尾松林、黑松林进行典型样地调查,根据更新层树种的重要值采用模糊聚类结果划分为7种演替类群,与17年后对不同演替类群具代表性样地的复查结果比较分析,并综合群落的组成结构、动态特征、树种生态生物学特性、更新树种植株结构以及立地条件、海拔等因子,确定舟山岛松林近阶段的演替结果分别为白栎、枫香占优势的落叶阔叶林,枫香、白栎、苦槠或石栎、四川山矾、栓皮栎占优势的常绿落叶阔叶混交林,马尾松、黄檀、山合欢占优势的针阔混交林,枫香或朴树占优势的落叶阔叶林(疏林),白栎占优势的萌生灌丛和柃木占优势的常绿灌丛。研究结果说明松材线虫病发生迹地的植物群落自然演替具有一定的方向性和确定性。可针对松材线虫病为害后林分不同的演替趋势、立地条件和培育目的,应用本文的预测和林相修复技术及早采取封育、人工造林等措施恢复植被;同时,依据本文总结的演替规律,通过前期的调查和分类,可以较快推测和诊断出演替的过程和结果,从而及早在松材线虫病大面积发生后,根据不同的演替方向进行人工干预和规划。     

实木复合地板用无醛胶粘剂研究

以水性高分子异氰酸酯胶粘剂为主要研究方向,在水基高分子物制备中采用聚乙烯醇、改性淀粉、胶乳等与助剂共混制成主剂,再与异氰酸酯交联制成胶粘剂。试验结果表明,用此种无醛胶粘剂压制的三层实木复合地板的物理力学性能完全达到国家检测标准;在生产中可操作性强,完全满足现有的工艺要求;无甲醛公害;其原料成本为诺贝尔胶的一半,具有明显的社会效益和经济效益。     

苹果果实体积和重量测定方法的研究

本试验对苹果3个品种的果实体积和重量的测定方法进行了研究,建立了测定各品种果实体积和重量的最优多元线性回归方程及幂函数方程。另一分析结果表明:相关回归法、圆球体积法均与排水法测定果实体积的结果差异不显著,但圆球体积法的误差较大。