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121.
Enhancement of the diseased mammary gland immunity and therapeutic potential of hydro-methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia; stem) in bovine subclinical mastitis was investigated. Somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (TBC), phagocytic
activity, and leukocyte lysosomal enzymes like myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase activity and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) level
were evaluated after intramammary infusion of hydro-methanolic extract (stem) of T.cordifolia in diseased cows. The qualitative analysis of the extract revealed the presence of polysaccharide, phenol, alkaloid, and
protein. Intramammary infusion of hydro-methanolic extract of T. cordifolia treatment initially enhanced the SCC; thereafter, significant reduction in cell count (P < 0.05) was observed on day 15 of the treatment period, however, reduction in TBC was observed from day 3 onwards. The phagocytic
activity of milk polymorphonuclear cells enhanced in the diseased cows treated with the T. cordifolia extract. Similarly, the lysosomal enzyme content of the milk polymorphonuclear cells enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) in diseased cows treated with T. cordifolia. The IL-8 level in milk serum also increased significantly (P < 0.05) in diseased cows treated with the herb extract. The results suggest that the hydro-methanolic extract of T.cordifolia (stem) possesses antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, the biological activity of the Tinospora cordifolia extract at standardized dose against bovine subclinical mastitis is reported for the first time. Development of alternative
therapy with medicinal plants is an option for livestock farmers who are not allowed to use the conventional allopathic drugs
under certain farming system or cannot afford to use allopathic drugs. 相似文献
122.
The aim of the present study was to develop a protocol for in vitro propagation of a grape rootstock, deGrasset, characterized by high tolerance to drought and salinity. Four medium compositions, MS, MS with 1/2 nitrates (MS-1), B5 and WPM, were tested for shoot growth from nodal explants and MS-1 medium produced significantly higher rate of shoot proliferation. MS-1 medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP was found to be optimum for culture establishment. The first subculturing on the same medium resulted in the production of 4–6, mostly short, hyperhydrated shoots per explant. For subsequent subcultures, a reduced concentration of BAP (1.0 mg/L) was used to prevent hyperhydricity, and that resulted in distinct individual shoot elongation. Three plant growth regulators, BAP, ZEA and TDZ, were tested for further shoot proliferation and BAP at 1.0 mg/L added to MS-1 medium displayed the highest proliferation rate (4.75 new explants per explant inoculated, in 6 weeks). For in vitro rooting of shoots, IAA at 0.2 mg/L was found to be optimum to produce highest response (84%) and an average number of 2.03 roots per shoot whereas use of IBA or NAA resulted in rooting with high frequency of callus formation. The acclimatized plantlets were established in soil under net house conditions with 87% success. 相似文献
123.
Arup Kumar Mukherjee Nalini Kanta Mohapatra Parsuram Nayak 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(1):33-39
Attempts were made to estimate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia grisea from two data points on the disease progress curve. Forty-two rice genotypes were exposed to high disease pressure in a nursery
over nine seasons. A conducive condition was created for maximum disease development through high nitrogen application, close
spacing and maintenance of high relative humidity. Disease severity was recorded on alternate days beginning from disease
initiation until the end of the epidemic. The estimation of AUDPC, and logistic and Gompertz apparent infection rates using
either all-points (AP) or two-point (TP) methods revealed significant correlations among them. This was also confirmed through
regression analysis and factor analysis. Hence, the estimation of AUDPC from two data points i.e. initial and final disease
scores of the disease progress curves is recommended as providing information similar to that from all the data points; this
should save valuable time, labour and economic resources. 相似文献
124.
Mondal Surajit Naik Sushanta Kumar Haris A. A. Mishra J. S. Mukherjee Joydeep Rao K. K. Bhatt B. P. 《Paddy and Water Environment》2020,18(3):573-586
Paddy and Water Environment - Traditional rice–wheat cropping system, which follows wet puddling in rice and conventional tillage in wheat, is deteriorating soil health resulting yield... 相似文献
125.
The need for precise characterisation of crop materials has assumed importance in any established sui generis system for effective protection of plant varieties. Considering this requirement, 37 Indian maize inbreds were analysed for
allozyme variations. Seven enzyme systems comprising 16 isozyme loci were analysed using starch gel electrophoresis. The allelic
variants were designated using the well-characterised maize inbred Mo 17 as a standard. A total of 29 alleles were scored
at the 16-isozyme loci studied. Malate dehydrogenase (Mdh), acid phosphatase (Acp), phosphoglucoisomerase (Pgi), 6-phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase (Pad) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh) were the most informative isozyme systems for characterisation of the
maize inbreds. These enzyme systems were also useful in detecting and quantifying the extent of `off-types' in each seed lot
analysed. The percent off-types (inclusive of the admixtures and segregates) were as high as 47 to 50 percent in seed lots
of a few of the inbreds. The results of the study were also useful in studying genetic diversity among the inbreds. An UPGMA
based cluster analysis of the allozyme data revealed presence of only moderate genetic diversity among the Indian maize inbreds.
This is of significance in crop yield stability as these inbreds have been used extensively in the production of F1 hybrids occupying large area under maize cultivation in India.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
126.
S. Sarkar M.K. Nanda M. Biswas A. Mukherjee M. Kundu 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(10):1475-1482
Frequency and depth of irrigation play crucial role in crop yield and use efficiency of water resource. To test this hypothesis a field study was carried out in November to January of 2001-2002 to 2003-2004 on a sandy loam (Aeric haplaquept) for quantifying the frequency and depth of irrigation on growth, curd yield (CY) and water use pattern of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis). Four irrigation frequencies depending on the attainment of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) values of: 25 (CPE25), 31(CPE31), 38 (CPE38) and 45 (CPE45) mm were placed in main-plots, with three depth of irrigation (IW) of 35 (IW35), 30 (IW30) and 25 (IW25) mm in sub-plots. Water use efficiency (WUE), net evapotranspiration efficiency (WUEET) and irrigation water use efficiency (WUEI) were computed. Marginal water use efficiency (MWUE) and elasticity of water productivity (EWP) were calculated using the relationship between CY and seasonal actual evapotranspiration (SET). A continuous increasing trend in growth parameters, yield and WUEI was recorded with the increase in SET from CPE45-IW25 to CPE31-IW30. However with further increase in SET the same decreased up to CPE25-IW35 regime. Highest WUE and WUEET obtained under CPE38-IW35 regime where SET value was 5% lower than the status of SET under CPE31-IW30. This study confirmed that critical levels of SET needed to obtain maximum curd yield or WUE, could be obtained more precisely from the knowledge of MWUE and EWP. 相似文献
127.
Beta-glucan: an ideal immunostimulant in aquaculture (a review) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
D. K. Meena Pronob Das Shailesh Kumar S. C. Mandal A. K. Prusty S. K. Singh M. S. Akhtar B. K. Behera Kundan Kumar A. K. Pal S. C. Mukherjee 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(3):431-457
The major hindrance in the development and sustainability of aquaculture industry is the occurrence of various diseases in the farming systems. Today, preventive and management measures are central concern to overcome such outbreak of diseases. Immunostimulants are considered as an effective tool for enhancing immune status of cultured organisms. Among different immunostimulants used in aquaculture practices, β-glucan is one of the promising immunostimulant, which is a homopolysaccharide of glucose molecule linked by the glycoside bond. It forms the major constituents of cell wall of some plants, fungi, bacteria, mushroom, yeast, and seaweeds. Major attention on β-glucan was captivated with the gain in knowledge on its receptors and the mechanism of action. The receptor present inside the animal body recognizes and binds to β-glucan, which in turn renders the animal with high resistance and enhanced immune response. This review highlights β-glucan as an immunostimulant, its effective dosages, and route of administration and furthermore provides an outline on role of β-glucan in enhancing growth, survival, and protection against infectious pathogens pertaining to fishes and shellfishes. Study also summarizes the effect of β-glucan on its receptors, recognition of proteins, immune-related enzymes, immune-related gene expression and their mechanisms of action. 相似文献
128.
Kartik Baruah Asim K Pal Narottam P Sahu Kamal K Jain Subhas C Mukherjee & Dipesh Debnath 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(8):803-812
A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to study the effect of dietary protein, microbial phytase and citric acid on intestinal digesta pH, bone ash and bone mineral contents in Labeo rohita juveniles. Eight experimental diets were prepared in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with crude protein levels (25% and 35%), microbial phytase (0 and 500 U kg?1), and citric acid (0 and 3%). The 25% crude protein level feed was supplemented with phytase (U kg?1) and citric acid (%) at the level of 0,0 (C25); 500,0 (T1); 0,3 (T2); 500,3 (T3), and 35% crude protein level feed at 0.0 (C35); 500,0 (T4); 0,3 (T5) and 500,3(T6) respectively. One hundred and twenty juveniles of L. rohita (av. wt. 12.61–13.72 g) were distributed randomly in eight treatments, each of with three replicates. Addition of citric acid in the 25% crude protein feed significantly decreased (P<0.001) feed pH with concurrent decrease in intestinal digesta pH (P<0.001) and increased the bone ash content (P<0.05) by 4.6%. An interaction between citric acid and phytase (P<0.05) was also observed for bone ash content. Increasing the dietary protein content from 25% to 35% significantly decreased (P<0.01) bone Zn content by 14.9%, which was more prominent with the addition of citric acid, resulting in significant interaction between protein and citric acid (P<0.05), but the bone Cu content was significantly increased (P<0.01) with increasing dietary protein content. Dietary supplementation of microbial phytase (500 U kg?1) significantly increased (P<0.05) bone Na, Ca, K, P and Fe contents by 15%, 12.1%, 17.4%, 9.2% and 40.7%, respectively, whereas bone P and Mn content was significantly increased (P<0.05) by addition of citric acid (3%). Addition of phytase to plant‐based diets increased the bioavailability of minerals, thereby increasing bone mineralization. The effect of phytase was increased because of addition of citric acid (3%). 相似文献
129.
The antibacterial properties of organic extracts of 15 species of sponges collected from a depth of 30 m in the coastal waters off Gopalpur (Bay of Bengal) were tested against six virulent fish pathogens. The extracts of 11 sponges showed species‐specific antibacterial activity. Four extracts exhibited broad antibacterial activity against three or more species. Epipolasis topsenti was active against all the six pathogens and showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 12.5 μg against three pathogens. Chromatographic fractionation of extracts yielded enriched fractions with increased activity and lower MIC values. 相似文献
130.
Kamal Sarma A. K. Pal N. P. Sahu S. C. Mukherjee Kartik Baruah 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(3):597-603
The present experiment was conducted to establish the relationship between selected physiological parameters and histological
responses of Channa punctatus brain tissue to endosulfan exposure. The fish (35.6 ± 0.7 g) was exposed to sublethal endosulfan concentration (8.1 μg l−1) for a period of 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h. Results showed that brain glucose level increased significantly after exposure,
indicating a hyperglycemic state of the fish. Brain vitamin C level decreased with an increase in the exposure time. Acetylcholine
esterase and adenosine triphosphatase enzyme activities also showed a significant reduction upon endosulfan exposure. Brain
histopathology after 96 h endosulfan exposure showed that the apical lobe of the cerebrum (the only portion examined) had
mild necrosis. Focal area of gliosis could be seen in the cerebrum, which were absent in the control fish. The results indicate
that exposure of sublethal concentration of endosulfan to C. punctatus may have a direct effect on the histology of the fish's brain tissue, thereby affecting its metabolism. 相似文献