Effect of airway disease on blood gas exchange in racehorses

Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD), exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), and upper airway obstruction (UAO) are common respiratory tract diseases that can decrease performance. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology and arterial blood gas analysis during a treadmill test by poorly performing racehorses presented to Purdue University. One hundred thirty-two horses with a history of poor performance were included in this study. Ten horses with no history or diagnosis of EIPH, IAD, or UAO served as controls. Horses were evaluated by rhinolaryngoscopy for upper airway abnormalities and underwent a standardized treadmill test, and samples were collected for blood gas analysis. Horses with IAD or EIPH had a more severe exercise-induced hypoxemia, (mean+/-SD; 84.8+/-1.5 and 86.0+/-1.7 mm Hg average Pao2, respectively), than horses in the control group (92.8+/-2.1 mm Hg). The average Pao2 of horses with only UAO (88.3+/-3.3 mm Hg) was not significantly different from control horses. Gas exchanges were the most severely impaired in horses affected with both EIPH and UAO because they exhibited the lowest Pao2 and highest Paco2 values (66.5+/-15.2 and 52.2+/-6.3 mm Hg, respectively).     

覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生长、产量和品质的影响

地膜覆盖作为一项有效的旱作增产技术,可显著改善土壤水温生态条件,促进植物生长发育。为了解覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以‘山油4号’为研究材料,在大田试验条件下,分析了覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生育期、干物质积累、农艺性状、产量和品质的影响。结果表明：覆膜栽培缩短生育期5天,株高、分枝部位、一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、单角粒数均较露地栽培升高,千粒重降低。覆膜栽培产量为2601.67 kg/hm²,较露地栽培增产508.34 kg/hm²,增产率为24.28%。籽粒含油量增加了2.4%,芥酸和硫甙含量变化不大。说明覆膜栽培技术可以提高西藏春油菜的产量和品质,可作为一项重要的栽培措施在西藏油菜生产上运用。