利用CRISPR/Cas9系统敲除葡萄中VviEDR2提高对白粉病的抗性

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统定点编辑葡萄白粉病感病基因VviEDR2（Enhanced disease resistance 2）,在VviEDR2的DUF1336结构域设计靶位点VviEDR2-T1,构建CRISPR/Cas9敲除载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化‘无核白’葡萄胚性愈伤组织。对PCR阳性植株进行靶位点扩增测序,结果表明,共有8个转基因植株在靶位点处发生不同类型的双等位基因突变,编辑效率为32%;突变体植株生长势较弱,叶片较小,茎秆丛生、细弱。进一步对突变体植株进行抗病检测,结果表明,接种葡萄白粉菌（Erysiphe necator Schw.）5 d后,突变体植株叶片上白粉菌孢子仅能萌发出少量较短初级菌丝,表皮细胞产生大量明显的H2O2,而野生型叶片中白粉菌萌发出大量初级菌丝、次级菌丝和吸器,无明显H2O2产生。这些结果表明,可以利用CRISPR/Cas9技术编辑葡萄感病基因VviEDR2,提高葡萄白粉菌抗性。     

mTOR kinase inhibitor CC-223 suppresses human breast cancer cell viability

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of CC-223, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, on the viability of human breast cancer cells and its mechanism. METHODS: The inhibitory effect of CC-223 on the viability of MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay. The cell cycle distribution of breast cancer cells was examined by flow cytometry. The expression of cell cycle-related proteins and oncoproteins c-Myc and survivin was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: CC-223 significantly inhibited the viability of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (P<0.05). CC-223 induced cell cycle arrest in both G₁ phase and G₂/M phase in the MCF-7 cells (P<0.05). However, low concentration of CC-223 treatment resulted in the accumulation of MDA-MB-231 cell cycle in the G₂/M phase, and the cell number in G₁ phase was unaffected. Treatment with CC-223 for 24 h clearly inhibited the protein levels of cyclin B1, cyclin D1 and phosphorylated cell division cycle protein 2 in the breast cancer cells (P<0.05). CC-223 suppressed the expression of c-Myc and survivin in both MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CC-223 inhibits cell viability by blocking cell cycle progression and down-regulating expression of c-Myc and survivin in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells.     

Importance of mitochondrial calcium uniporter in high glucose-induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis

AIM: To investigate the role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in high glucose(HG)-induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. METHODS: Cardiac myocytes were exposed to normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L glucose+ 19.5 mmol/L mannitol), HG (25 mmol/L glucose), or HG combined with 5 μmol/L spermine for 72 h. Mitochondrial free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_m), MCU at mRNA and protein levels, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ_m), the levels of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis were determined. RESULTS: The [Ca²⁺]_m, the mRNA and protein levels of MCU, PDH activity, ATP levels, and Δψ_m were reduced (P<0.05), while ROS content and the protein levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were increased in HG group (P<0.05). Adding 5 μmol/L spermine returned these parameters toward control levels (P<0.05). Moreover, apoptosis was reduced by adding spermine and HG treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: HG-induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis may be associated with the decreased MCU expression and activity, abnormal mitochondrial Ca²⁺ handling, deviant mitochon-drial respiratory chain, and mitochondrial dysfunction.     

红掌新品种‘明农月华’

‘明农月华’红掌是以‘森萨’为母本,‘白王子’为父本杂交选育而成的紫色盆花新品种。株形直立紧凑,生长势强,具有丛生特性。平均株高56.0 cm,冠幅46.8 cm。叶片深绿呈卵心形;佛焰苞中等卵圆形,粉紫色且富有光泽,肉穗花序直立,呈紫色,高于叶。从组培苗出瓶至形成成品约15个月,常年开花,花期持久,抗病性强,适应性好。     

47份鲜食玉米对丝黑穗病和瘤黑粉病的抗性鉴定与评价

2018年通过田间人工接种对47份鲜食玉米杂交种进行了由丝孢堆黑粉菌(Sporisorium reilianum)引起的玉米丝黑穗病和玉蜀黍黑粉菌(Ustilago maydis)引起的玉米瘤黑粉病的抗性鉴定和评价。对丝黑穗病的鉴定结果表明,47份鲜食玉米杂交种中无高抗材料;4份材料表现抗病,分别是三禾甜加糯6号、金辉588、金辉895和黑甜糯520,占8.5%;1份材料盛彩甜3号表现中抗,占2.1%;14份材料表现感病,占29.8%;28份材料表现高感,占59.6%。对瘤黑粉病的鉴定结果表明,47份鲜食玉米杂交种中27份材料表现高抗,占57.4%;6份材料表现抗病,占12.8%;6份材料表现中抗,占12.8%;5份材料表现感病,占10.6%;3份材料表现高感,占6.4%。鲜食玉米新品种中抗丝黑穗病品种比较匮乏,抗瘤黑粉病品种比较丰富,但兼抗两种病害的品种严重缺乏。     

亚精胺浸种对番茄种子萌发及幼苗高温抗性的影响

以番茄品种合作903为试验材料,设置0、0.1、0.2、0.4 mmol · L~(-1 )亚精胺(Spd)浸种10 h,研究不同浓度Spd浸种对番茄种子萌发、幼苗生长及高温抗性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度Spd浸种处理均能显著提高番茄种子的发芽指数和活力指数,幼苗地下部干质量和壮苗指数明显提高,其中0.2 mmol · L~(-1 )Spd浸种处理发芽最快,活力指数最高。Spd浸种处理降低了高温胁迫下番茄叶片的相对电解质渗透率、丙二醛(MDA)和H_2O_2含量,其中0.2 mmol · L~(-1 )Spd处理的相对电解质渗透率、MDA和H_2O_2含量最低;抗氧化酶(SOD、APX、DHAR)活性增加,并在0.2 mmol · L~(-1)时达到最大值。综上,0.2 mmol · L~(-1 )Spd浸种能有效促进番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长,提高番茄幼苗高温抗性。     

华南型黄瓜新品种优胜的选育

优胜是以自交系H16-5-4-1为母本,H9-3-2-7为父本配制而成的杂交一代黄瓜新品种。植株生长势强,以主蔓结瓜为主;瓜条棒形,瓜长16 cm,瓜皮油绿,皮薄肉厚;口味清香,口感甜脆,品质佳;抗逆性强,适应性广,适合全国各地区春秋露地及保护地种植。     

4个俄罗斯李品种在黑龙江牡丹江的引种表现

2013-2018年,对引入黑龙江省牡丹江市的4个俄罗斯李品种的植物学特征、果实经济性状、生长结果习性、物候期、抗性等开展观察测定。结果表明:‘威卡’为早熟品种,离核,较丰产,抗寒性及抗病性强;‘阿尔泰禧’为中熟品种,丰产,果实口味酸甜适口,抗寒性及抗病性较强;‘安卡斯凯’为中熟品种,可溶性固形物含量较高,为16.00%,抗寒力及抗病性强;‘普里莫’为晚熟品种,半离核,可溶性固形物含量最高,为17.20%,果肉紫红色,抗寒力强。因此综合分析认为,4个俄罗斯引进李品种均适宜在黑龙江省牡丹江地区栽植,另外,4个引进品种与当地主栽对照品种相比,果实耐贮性及树体抗寒性表现优异,在育种工作中可以作为杂交亲本重点加以利用,以实现育种突破。     

甘肃成县核桃种质资源晚霜冻害调查

为了解核桃种质资源对晚霜冻害的抗性表现,筛选抗晚霜冻的核桃种质资源,为抗晚霜冻核桃品种的选育提供优异材料,于晚霜冻害发生后的第3~5 d分别对成县当地核桃品种(系)、引种国内核桃品种、引种国外核桃品种、黑核桃及山核桃属的长山核桃等30份不同核桃种质的抗晚霜冻情况进行了田间调查和鉴定。结果表明:成县当地核桃品种(系)中,‘陇南755’、Y1102、Y1201等表现为抗晚霜冻型,B0802-8、Y1001萌芽较迟,属于避晚霜冻型;引种国内品种中,‘辽核4号’和‘辽核7号’表现为抗晚霜冻型;引种国外品种中,日本核桃‘清香’属于抗晚霜冻型,美国核桃种质‘强特勒’‘土莱尔’‘美国黑核桃’等属于避晚霜冻型,‘维纳’‘美国819’‘美国长山核桃’等属于抗或高抗晚霜冻型。     

云南省德宏州发现3种草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄生蜂

重大迁飞性害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)自2019年1月入侵我国以来,已对我国粮食安全构成重大威胁。为加速对我国草地贪夜蛾寄生性天敌资源的发掘与防治潜能的评估,我们于2019年9月-11月对云南省德宏州玉米和小麦上草地贪夜蛾的寄生性天敌开展田间调查并对采集到的天敌进行分子鉴定。共发现3种草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄生蜂,分别为斯氏侧沟茧蜂Microplitis similis Lyle、半闭弯尾姬蜂Diadegma semiclausum Hellen和斜纹夜蛾长距姬小蜂Euplectrus laphygmae Ferrière,田间最高自然寄生率分别为12.00%、22.30%和5.33%。另外,田间调查发现在玉米和大豆上斯氏侧沟茧蜂还可寄生与草地贪夜蛾同属的斜纹夜蛾S.litura幼虫;在大豆和杂草上斜纹夜蛾长距姬小蜂可寄生甜菜夜蛾S.exigua幼虫。本研究将为今后开展草地贪夜蛾天敌昆虫的保护和利用提供重要参考。