遮荫处理及恢复光照对白菜生长及活性氧代谢的影响

 以白菜耐弱光品种‘矮王’和不耐弱光品种‘绿优’为材料,研究遮荫处理及恢复光照过程中植株生长、活性氧代谢和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,遮荫处理后‘矮王’品种生长减缓, ‘绿优’品种生长停滞;2品种的MDA含量、O₂-. 产生速率和H₂O₂含量呈现先下降后上升的趋势, POD活性呈上升趋势,而SOD、CAT、APX等酶活呈先下降后上升的趋势;恢复生长光照后,2品种的 MDA含量、O₂-. 产生速率和H₂O₂含量均迅速上升,几种酶活也呈加速上升趋势。遮荫处理后期与恢复光照后‘绿优’的膜脂过氧化现象较‘矮王’严重,‘矮王’通过增加抗氧化酶活性,有效地减轻了膜脂过氧化程度。     

复盐胁迫对几种燕麦种子萌发指数的影响

采用加拿大7种燕麦(A.nuda)种子,在不同梯度的Na2SO4、NaCl等组分盐溶液中进行发芽试验.结果表明:复盐胁迫下,种子开始发芽的时间推迟,发芽过程延长,随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,7种燕麦种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数、简易活力指数均有不同程度的降低,而盐害指数升高,且不同品种间存在显著或极显著差异;随复盐浓度的增...     

腐植酸浸种对盐碱胁迫下小麦根系抗氧化系统的影响

采用中性盐( NaCl)和碱性盐(NaHCO3)混合模拟不同浓度盐碱胁迫条件,对龙麦26和克旱16两种同基因型春小麦进行腐植酸浸种处理.分别测定根系氧离子自由基、丙二醛和谷胱甘肽含量,以及过氧化物酶超氧化物歧化酶活性,以探讨腐植酸对盐碱两种胁迫下小麦根系抗氧化系统的调控效应.结果表明:随着盐碱迫浓度的提高,小麦幼苗根系...     

优化施肥对春小麦产量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响

2009 ～ 2010年,在宁夏引黄灌区分别以宁春11号和宁春16号小麦为供试作物,利用田间试验研究了优化施肥(OPT)和习惯施肥(CON)对春小麦产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响,表观评估了土壤—小麦体系氮素平衡.结果表明,相对于CK处理,OPT和CON都显著提高春小麦籽粒产量地上部生物量,并促进籽粒N和地上...     

Study on Developmental Expression of ApoCⅡ Gene mRNA in Liver Tissues of Pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental patterns of ApoCⅡ gene mRNA in liver in Mashen and Large White pigs, and study the relationship between the expression level of ApoCⅡ and the lipid metabolism in pigs.The mRNA relative expressions of ApoCⅡ gene in liver at seven stages of 1,30,60,90,120,150,and 180-day old in Mashen and Large White pigs were determined by quantitative Real-time PCR.The results showed that the developmental trend of ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver between Mashen and Large White pigs was different.The ApoCⅡ mRNA abundance was decreased from birth to 60-day old,then increased at 90-day old,and decreased again after that in Mashen pig.However,the relative expression amount in Large White pig was gradually decreased from birth to 150-day old and increased again at 180-day old.Except for the ApoCⅡ mRNA expression amount at 1-day old,the differences of the expression amount at other stages in Mashen and Large White pigs were significant or extremely significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver was affected by age and breed,and could play an important role in lipid metabolism in pigs.     

Locomotion Score and Its Impacts on Production Performance and Blood Routine Indexes in Chinese Holstein

To investigate the influencing factors of locomotion score (LS) and its impacts on production performance and blood routine index in Holstein,body condition score (BCS),LS and DHI (dairy herd improvement) of 1 486 lactating cows from two dairy farms,and the blood routine indexes of 101 lactating cows from one farm in Beijing were measured.The fixed model was used to analyze the impacts of herd,parity and lactation stage on LS,and the impacts of LS and BCS on daily milk yield,somatic cell score,milk composition and blood routine indexes in dairy cows.The results showed that both parity and lactation stage had significant impacts on LS.The LS increased with the increase of parit,the LS increased by 0.71 from first lactation to fifth and above lactation.The LS of cow in lactation stage Ⅲ(100-199 d) and Ⅵ (after 350 d) were significantly higher than cow in stage Ⅱ (45-99 d)(P<0.05),and both were higher than 2.The LS had no significant impacts on daily milk yield,milk composition and somatic cell score (P>0.05).However,the milk yield of the cow with LS≥4 was the lowest,and a decrease of 2.29 kg was found compared with the cow with LS=1.Among the various blood routine indexes,LS had significant impacts on red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count (P<0.05),and had no significant impacts on white blood cell count (P>0.05).With the increase of LS,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count of cows decreased with different extents.There were some problems on the body immunity and hematopoiesis of cows with poor LS.In dairy farm,regular evaluation of LS could be used to find the management problems of feet and legs,which had a great significance to reduce the loss of production performance and early culling caused by hoof disease.     

基于近红外光谱的北京市全株玉米原料康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系组分分析与预测

本试验旨在基于康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)建立北京市全株玉米原料营养成分数据库,并利用近红外光谱(NIRS)方法建立其营养价值预测模型。试验采集北京市18个牧场89份全株玉米原料样品,测定其营养成分,利用CNCPS 6.5计算各样品碳水化合物(CHO)和蛋白质组成。定标集和验证集根据4∶1的配比关系,分别选用71份和18份全株玉米原料样品作为定标集和验证集评价NIRS模型。结果显示:1) NIRS分析技术对全株玉米原料常规营养成分、CNCPS中蛋白质组成和CHO组成均具有较好的预测能力,且精确度较高。2)干物质(DM)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、淀粉(Starch)、中性洗涤不溶蛋白质(NDIP)、酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质(ADIP)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)、CHO、非纤维性碳水化合物(NFC)、可溶性纤维(CB2)、可消化纤维(CB3)、不消化纤维(CC)、可溶性真蛋白质(PA2)、难溶性真蛋白质(PB1)、纤维结合蛋白质(PB2)和非降解蛋白质(PC)的定标决定系数(1-VR)均>0.80,验证决定系数(RSQv)均≥0.84,这些模型均可用于日常快速检测分析。DM、Ash、EE、NDF、ADF、ADL、Starch、NDIP、CHO、NFC、CB2、CB3、PC和PB1的NIRS模型参数均采用二阶导数处理,CP、SP、ADIP、CC、PA2和PB2的NIRS模型参数均采用标准正态变量+二阶导数处理。综上所述,本研究提供了全株玉米原料的基础化学分析数据,并通过NIRS分析技术建立了主要营养成分的快速预测模型,有利于养殖场青贮前对全株玉米原料质量的快速评估。     

蛋氨酸三肽对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞酪蛋白和小肽转运载体基因表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸三肽(Met-Met-Met)对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)酪蛋白和小肽转运载体基因表达量的影响。采用酶消化法培养的第3代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞为模型,各处理在培养基中分别添加0(对照)、40、50、60、70和80μg/mL的蛋氨酸三肽,每个处理5个重复,每个重复1个培养孔,分别培养细胞24、48和72h,检测奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的相对增殖率,整体试验重复2次,确定最佳培养时间;各处理在培养基中分别添加0(对照)、40、50、60、70和80μg/mL的蛋氨酸三肽,每个处理3个重复,每个重复1个培养孔,以最佳培养时间培养,用实时定量PCR法检测酪蛋白基因的表达量,确定适宜蛋氨酸三肽浓度,整体试验重复3次;以最佳培养时间和适宜蛋氨酸三肽浓度培养细胞,以未添加蛋氨酸三肽的培养基为对照,每个处理3个重复,每个重复1个培养孔,测定小肽转运载体基因的表达量,整体试验重复3次。结果表明:在培养基中添加蛋氨酸三肽培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞24h时,相对增殖率最高;培养基中加入60μg/mL的蛋氨酸三肽培养细胞24h,αs1-酪蛋白和β-酪蛋白的基因表达量最高,同时发现奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中小肽转运载体1和小肽转运载体2基因表达量显著高于对照处理(P0.05)。综上所述,培养基中添加60μg/mL的蛋氨酸三肽能够提高奶牛乳腺上皮细胞酪蛋白和肽转运载体基因的表达量。     

丹东银杏不同品种的生长比较

银杏引种丹东地区以后,经长期栽培驯化,已经能完全适应该地区的气候条件,且生长稳定。在丹东地区栽培的银杏品种有10个。调查表明,生长表现的排序依次为大梅核、小梅核、佛指、大园铃、大金坠、大马铃、大白果、龙眼、卵果佛手、洞庭皇。     

甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂在我国的登记用量分析

为探究嘧菌酯与硒代蛋氨酸复合暴露后对水体生物早期发育的影响,采用半静态试验法,测定了等毒性配比的嘧菌酯和硒代蛋氨酸二元混合体系复合暴露对水生模式生物斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼的发育毒性及对相关酶活性的影响。结果表明：经不同质量浓度的嘧菌酯和硒代蛋氨酸(0.1 + 0.2、0.25 + 0.5、0.5 + 1.0和1.0 + 2.0 mg/L) (其中硒代蛋氨酸按硒元素的质量计,下同)复合暴露后,胚胎出现自主运动次数减少、孵化率降低、死亡率增加及心率下降现象,同时仔鱼体长受到显著抑制,且呈现明显的时间-剂量-效应关系;与对照组相比,在嘧菌酯和硒代蛋氨酸不同质量浓度(0.0005 + 0.001、0.005 + 0.01和0.05 + 0.1 mg/L)复合暴露下,斑马鱼仔鱼体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低,且高浓度复合暴露组(0.05 + 0.1 mg/L)的抑制作用最显著(P < 0.01),而对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性则无显著影响;与对照组相比,高浓度复合暴露组显著抑制了线粒体呼吸链复合体Ⅲ的活性(P < 0.05),而其余浓度复合暴露组差异不显著。研究结果表明,经嘧菌酯与硒代蛋氨酸不同质量浓度复合暴露(0.1 + 0.2、0.25 + 0.5、0.5 + 1.0和1.0 + 2.0 mg/L)后,会对斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼发育产生毒性效应,但在目前自然水体环境实际浓度水平下,除了抑制CAT活性外,尚不会产生其他毒性效应。以上研究结果可以为水体环境中嘧菌酯和硒代蛋氨酸浓度监测及复合暴露的生态风险评估提供数据支撑。