塔里木河上游典型绿洲地表热环境遥感研究

利用两期TM数据对塔里木河上游典型绿洲的地表温度进行反演,并查询实时陆面地表温度进行了对比检验,其差值均在1.5℃以内。在此基础上,分析了不同时期塔里木河上游典型绿洲的温度时空变化,结果表明:(1)2007～2011年,下垫面温度主要集中在18～51℃,其中,水体温度在18～24℃(低温区),耕地地表温度在24～29℃(中温区),林地地表温度在29～36℃(偏高温区),绿洲周边的裸地地表温度在36～42℃(高温区),远离绿洲的荒漠地带地表温度在42～51℃(极高温区);(2)2007～2011年,水体地表温度平均增高0～4℃,植被地表温度平均增高0～12℃,绿洲周边的裸地地表温度平均增高0～7℃,远离绿洲的荒漠地带地表温度平均增高0～9℃。其中林地对温度的变化影响较大。总之,地表温度呈现沿中心逐渐向四周增高的分布规律,表现出明显的"冷岛效应"。此研究对进一步理解塔里木河上游绿洲土壤-植被-大气系统能量交换状况以及我国西北干旱、半干旱区域地表热量分布差异特征具有重要的意义。     

Root characteristics of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings in response to water supplement in an arid region,northwestern China

The effect of variation in water supply on woody seedling growth in arid environments remain poorly known.The subshrub Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.(Leguminosae),distributed in the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert,Xinjiang,northwestern China,has evolved deep roots and is exclusively dependent on groundwater,and performs a crucial role for the local ecological safety.In the Cele oasis,we studied the responses of A.sparsifolia seedling roots to water supplement at 10 and 14 weeks under three irrigation treatments(none water supply of 0 m3/m2(NW),middle water supply of 0.1 m3/m2(MW),and high water supply of 0.2 m3/m2(HW)).The results showed that the variations of soil water content(SWC) significantly influenced the root growth of A.sparsifolia seedlings.The leaf area,basal diameter and crown diameter were significantly higher in the HW treatment than in the other treatments.The biomass,root surface area(RSA),root depth and relative growth rate(RGR) of A.sparsifolia roots were all significantly higher in the NW treatment than in the HW and MW treatments at 10 weeks.However,these root parameters were significantly lower in the NW treatment than in the other treatments at 14 weeks.When SWC continued to decline as the experiment went on(until less than 8% gravimetric SWC),the seedlings still showed drought tolerance through morphological and physiological responses,but root growth suffered serious water stress compared to better water supply treatments.According to our study,keeping a minimum gravimetric SWC of 8% might be important for the growth and establishment of A.sparsifolia during the early growth stage.These results will not only enrich our knowledge of the responses of woody seedlings to various water availabilities,but also provide a new insight to successfully establish and manage A.sparsifolia in arid environments,further supporting the sustainable development of oases.     

Responses of root growth of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Fabaceae) to different simulated groundwater depths in the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert,China

Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Fabaceae) is a spiny, perennial herb. The species grows in the salinized, arid regions in North China. This study investigated the response characteristics of the root growth and the distribution of one-year-old A. sparsifolia seedlings to different groundwater depths in controlled plots. The ecological adaptability of the root systems of A. sparsifolia seedlings was examined using the artificial digging method. Results showed that: (1) A. sparsifolia seedlings adapted to an increase in groundwater depth mainly through increasing the penetration depth and growth rate of vertical roots. The vertical roots grew rapidly when soil moisture content reached 3%-9%, but slowly when soil moisture content was 13%-20%. The vertical roots stopped growing when soil moisture content reached 30% (the critical soil moisture point). (2) The morphological plasticity of roots is an important strategy used by A. sparsifolia seedlings to obtain water and adapt to dry soil conditions. When the groundwater table was shallow, horizontal roots quickly expanded and tillering increased in order to compete for light resources, whereas when the groundwater table was deeper, vertical roots developed quickly to exploit space in the deeper soil layers. (3) The decrease in groundwater depth was probably responsible for the root distribution in the shallow soil layers. Root biomass and surface area both decreased with soil depth. One strategy of A. sparsifolia seedlings in dealing with the increase in groundwater depth is to increase root biomass in the deep soil layers. The relationship between the root growth/distribution of A. sparsifolia and the depth of groundwater table can be used as guidance for harvesting A. sparsifolia biomass and managing water resources for forage grasses. It is also of ecological significance as it reveals how desert plants adapt to arid environments.     

急性胰腺炎并发腹腔间隔综合征危险因素的Logistic分析

目的了解急性胰腺炎并发腹腔间隔综合征危险因素。方法 2005年1月至2012年7月我院收治的107例急性胰腺炎患者中,32例发生腹腔间隔综合征,采用logistic回归分析腹腔间隔综合征的危险因素。结果血清白蛋白、APACHEⅡ评分、72h液体净赚量、休克、胰腺坏死是急性胰腺炎并发腹腔间隔综合征的主要危险因素(P<0.01)。结论急性胰腺炎并发腹腔间隔综合征与多种因素相关,适当控制液入量可能减少腹腔间隔综合征的发生。     

荞麦新品种六苦3号的选育

为了选育适宜贵州种植的高产、优质荞麦新品种,以贵州地方品种八担山细米苦荞为亲本,采用系统选择法选育而成六苦3号荞麦新品种.在贵州省2009-2010年荞麦区域试验中,2年平均产量为145.1 kg/667m2,较对照九江苦荞增产12.16％,居参试品种第1位,2年9点次,8个试点增产,增产点占88.9％,增产6％以上的有7个点,达77.8％.该品种于2011年12月通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定(黔审荞2011001号).     

一种利用NoteExpress2软件对文献进行计量分析的新方法

以图书馆服务质量评价的文献为例,图文并茂地介绍了利用NoteExpress2软件对文献的各种参数进行计量分析的基本方法.充分证明利用该软件进行文献定量分析时,有自动化程度高,基本参数计算结果容易保存和转换,可以大大减少工作量、提高工作效率和准确率等优点.     

湖南省匙指虾科米虾属研究

为了系统了解湖南省虾类生物多样性，促进虾类种质资源的合理开发利用，从1987年起采集了湖南省各类水域匙指虾类标本近万种，对其进行了系统分类研究，研究发现湖南省共有匙指虾科虾类31种（亚种），隶属于米虾属、新米虾属、拟米虾属和缺鞭米虾属，其中有20种为湖南所行有种，缺鞭米虾属为湖南特有属，报道了米虾属21种（亚种）的主要鉴别特征，地理分布与生活习性，并提供了匙指虾科4个属的检索表及米虾属在湖南所有种的检索表。     

榆树县应用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治玉米螟的效果

1986～1989年,经157万亩大面积应用松毛虫赤眼蜂防冶玉米螟的结果表明,当玉米田间螟卵发生初期和盛前期,以每亩1.1～1.5万头,分两次放蜂,卵粒寄生率为58.1～79.4％。放蜂区比未放蜂的对照区可降低被害株率41～64.4％,平均百株螟虫可减退66.6～85.9％,有效地控制了玉米螟对玉米的危害,每亩可挽回损失34.7公斤,经济效益显著。现已列为吉林省松辽平原玉米带防冶玉米螟的重要措施。     

王国维“悲剧”批评观念的现代性转型

中国叙事文学批评观念不断演进,经历了从“道统”到“悲剧”的转型过程。时至近代,王国维的《〈红楼梦〉评论》促成了中国叙事文学批评观念的现代性转型。对《〈红楼梦〉评论》“悲剧”批评观念出现的前因后果及其现代性转型的意义与影响的论证,需要从中国叙事文学发展的内在规律出发,在历史与文化的语境中加以考究。     

茶叶浸取液制备的纳米银对土壤微生物的影响

为探究茶叶浸取液制备的纳米银对土壤微生物的生物安全性的影响,本研究利用植物还原法制备纳米银抗菌材料,并将其制成1000 mg/L的纳米银喷雾,分析其对土壤微生物多样性及丰富度的影响。结果表明：空白对照组(CK)与实验组(Nano-Ag)的样本土壤中,所具有的微生物类别基本一致,但是不同类别微生物的丰度具有一定差异。实验组和对照组的Coverage数值均较高(Coverage>99.71%),香农指数均较大(Shannon>5.46),辛普森指数均较小(Simpson<0.02),两组间ACE指数和Chao指数差异均较小(ACE<2,Chao<6);同时,纳米银可抑制变形菌门下的α-变形菌纲和放线菌门下的嗜热油菌纲的生长,而能够促进绿弯菌门下纤线杆菌纲的生长。本文验证了纳米银具有一定程度的生物安全性,拓宽了纳米银材料的潜在应用范围,为纳米材料在环境及医疗等领域的深入应用奠定了基础。