脂肪酸合成酶基因的研究进展

在脂肪酸的合成过程中,脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)是一种多功能的复合酶,是合成脂肪酸的关键酶,因此,动物体内脂肪酸合成酶蛋白的多寡、活性的高低对动物脂肪酸的合成及体脂的沉积具有重要的意义。近年来,国内外大量的研究报道了脂肪酸合成酶对脂肪合成、代谢的调控。作者将从脂肪酸合成酶基因结构特征,其与能量代谢及体脂沉积的关系,以及日粮养分与激素对脂肪酸合成酶基因的表达调控研究进行综述。     

Comparison Study on Effects of Three Chinese Herbal Medicine on Intestinal Morphology in Weaning Piglets

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of three Chinese herbal medicine (medicated leaven, hawthorn, fructus hordei germinates) on histomorphology of different parts of small intestine in weaning piglets.40 28-day old ternary pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with the body weight (8.13±1.32)kg were divided into four groups, control group, medicated leaven group, hawthorn group and fructus hordei germinates group, and feeding with 1% Chinese herbal medicine, there were two repeats in each group and each repeat had 5 piglets, slaughtering and sampling at 7th and 14th day morning, respectively, sections were used for HE staining.The staining tissues were taken pictures under a microscope camera (200×) and measured VH, CD, IWT and V/C in different parts of small intestine with Image-Pro Plus.The result showed that the IWH of ileum in medicated leaven group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.05;P<0.01).The VH and IWT of duodenum and jejunum at 7th day in hawthorn group were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01);The IWT of ileum and the VH of ileum at 14th day were extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.01).In fructus hordei germinates group, the VH of duodenum and jejunum at 7th day and IWT of jejunum were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01);The CD of ileum at 7th day, the IWT of duodenum and ileum at 7th day were extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.01).The effects of different simple Chinese herbal medicine on histomorphology of different parts of small intestine in piglets were different, because of the different digestive functions of small intestine, the most effects of Chinese herbal medicine an duodenum, jejunum and ileum were fructus hordei germinates, medicated leaven and hawthorn, respectively.     

中国荷斯坦奶牛EEF1D基因的SNPs检测及其与产奶性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究中国荷斯坦奶牛真核生物翻译延伸因子1D（eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta,EEF1D）基因的多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性。利用Sequenom MassARRAY SNP分型技术对宁夏地区1 252头中国荷斯坦奶牛EEF1D基因的多态性进行了检测,并对其多态位点不同基因型和组合基因型与产奶性状进行了关联分析。结果显示,EEF1D基因的5'侧翼区存在2个SNPs位点,即EEF1D-1和EEF1D-3;经检测发现,EEF1D-1存在2种基因型,EEF1D-3存在3种基因型。χ²检验表明,中国荷斯坦奶牛在EEF1D-1位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P < 0.05）,在EEF1D-3位点未偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P > 0.05）;EEF1D-1和EEF1D-3位点多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0.10和0.28,分别呈现低度多态和中度多态。在试验群体中,EEF1D-1位点对乳脂率和乳蛋白率性状的效应均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）,对305 d产奶量性状的效应达到显著水平（P<0.05）;EEF1D-3位点对305 d产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率性状的效应均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;EEF1D基因的优势基因型组合GG-AG和GG-GG个体乳脂率均显著高于GG-AA组合个体（P<0.05）。说明EEF1D基因可以作为影响中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择。     

排卵延迟奶牛发情后不同阶段B超黄体相关指标变化规律分析

为研究排卵延迟奶牛发情配种后黄体的变化规律及其差异性,本研究在临床症状观察、直肠检查和B超辅助检查诊断的基础上,选取8头排卵延迟奶牛(排卵延迟组)、5头健康正常发情奶牛(对照组),应用B超对黄体的相关指标(直径、面积、周长和体积)进行了测量及分析,对获得的不同阶段典型黄体声像图进行了描述。结果显示,与对照组相比,排卵延迟组与对照组奶牛黄体的直径、面积、周长和体积在发情配种后7~15 d差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在发情配种后第9和13天排卵延迟组奶牛黄体相关指标(直径、体积、面积和周长)大于对照组奶牛,而在第11天小于对照组奶牛。结果表明,排卵延迟奶牛发情后不同阶段B超黄体直径、面积、周长和体积与正常发情排卵后的相应指标没有显著差别。     

NFκB1在奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中的表达与定位

试验旨在研究奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（bovine mammary epithelial cell, BMEC）中NFκB1的表达与定位变化,以阐明NFκB1对BMEC乳合成的转录调节机理。通过组织块法培养原代细胞,利用BMEC和成纤维细胞对胰蛋白酶敏感性的不同进行纯化和传代;利用Western blotting和免疫荧光染色法检测细胞中角蛋白18和β-酪蛋白的表达以鉴定细胞的纯度和泌乳功能;通过添加0.6 mmol/L蛋氨酸建立氨基酸刺激BMEC泌乳的体外模型;Western blotting和免疫荧光法检测添加蛋氨酸后NFκB1和p-NFκB1表达与定位的变化。结果显示,获得了纯化的BMEC;Western blotting检测发现NFκB1在细胞浆中存在约141和105 ku两种形式,在细胞核中只存在105 ku形式;p-NFκB1（50 ku）主要存在于细胞核内。在添加蛋氨酸后NFκB1的141 ku形式的含量有一定增加;105 ku形式在细胞浆内蛋白水平变化不明显,在细胞核内水平明显升高;p-NFκB1在细胞核中的定位明显增加。结果提示,NFκB1参与BMEC乳合成的转录调节,氨基酸通过促进细胞核内NFκB1磷酸化以调节泌乳相关基因的转录和促进乳合成。     

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Dairy Cow Mastitis in Liaoning and Drug Sensibility Test of Pathogenic E.coli

In order to understand the main bacterial pathogen species causing dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning, as well as the characteristics of drug sensitivity of the pathogenic E.coli,the milk samples from 75 dairy cows with clinical manifestations for mastitis in certain large-scale dairy farm in Liaoning were collected.The bacteria in milk were cultured and isolated with biochemical methods and in vitro drug sensitivity tests were processed with the isolated E.coli strains.The results showed that the main bacterial pathogen for dairy cow mastitis were E.coli（separation rate 58.7%),S.aureus（64.0%）and S.agalactiae（54.7%),and multiple infection including double and triple infection were identified.The drug sensitivity tests on the isolated E.coli indicated that the E.coli isolates were highly resistant to sulfonamides（resistance rate>85%）and chloramphenicol（resistance rate>30%),and they were relatively low resistant to ampicillin（9.5%),ciprofloxacin（9.5%),ceftiofur（7.1%）and ofloxacin（4.8%).The results was able to provide reliable theoretical basis for prevention and control of dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning area.     

膨化工艺对乳仔猪日粮养分及生长性能的影响

采用相同配方的膨化颗粒料和普通颗粒料进行哺乳仔猪和断乳仔猪日粮常规营养成分、氨基酸含量、细菌数量、脲酶活性、物理性状分析和乳仔猪生长饲养试验。结果表明 :两种制粒工艺的常规营养成分间差异不显著 :氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量膨化料的比普通颗粒料高6.67 %～7.59 % ,差异不显著(P>0.05) ;两种饲料的卫生学和感官指标符合GB13278 -91 ,但膨化料的总细菌和大肠杆菌最可能数少于普通料 ,差异不显著(P>0.05) ;乳仔猪两料中的脲酶活性 ,膨化颗粒料比普通料分别降低56.25 %和28.57 % ,但差异不显著(P>0.05) ;膨化料与普通料相比 ,硬度明显增加 ,其中 ,哺乳仔猪料间差异显著(P<0.05) ,断乳仔猪料间差异极显著(P<0.01) ;膨化料与普通料相比 ,淀粉糊化度哺乳仔猪和断乳仔猪料分别提高32.86 %(P<0.05)和45.45 %(P<0.01)。饲养试验 ,膨化料育成率为96.77 % ,70日龄窝重203.76kg ,窝均盈利1040.83元 ,分别比普通料提高3.85 %(P>0.05)、13.01 %(P>0.05)和36.48 %(P<0.05)。     

自噬调节剂对感染日本脑炎病毒小鼠脑部细胞凋亡的影响

旨在研究自噬调控药物对感染日本脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)小鼠脑部细胞凋亡的影响,本试验建立自噬调控药物处理的感染日本脑炎病毒小鼠的动物模型,其中,雷帕霉素为自噬诱导剂,渥漫青霉素及氯喹为自噬抑制剂.实验动物分成8组:DMEM对照组(Control);JEV感染组(JEV)...     

光叶紫花苕研究状况的文献分析——基于CNKI数据库的文献计量

以中国知网的文献资料为数据源,利用CiteSpace文献计量工具,对1972-2019年光叶紫花苕研究领域的相关文献从关键词、单位和区域贡献、载文期刊、作者群体等方面进行计量分析,同时结合文献的阅读,系统的阐述了48年来光叶紫花苕的发展历程.结果表明,近年来我国学者对光叶紫花苕的研究越来越重视,出现频次较高的关键词有"绿肥""产量""多花黑麦草""草粉"等;《四川畜牧兽医》为该领域研究论文载文量最多刊物,其次是《草业科学》《畜牧兽医》,分别为10,8,8篇.凌新康、徐载春、匡崇义等几位作者发文较多,但大多数作者群体分布较为分散.当前国内关于光叶紫花苕的研究热点主要集中在饲用和肥田,同时光叶紫花苕对生态的修复作用也崭露头角,大有发展利用之势.     

耐药性木霉T2菌株的筛选、紫外诱变与药剂驯化

为获得对杀菌剂有抗药性的菌株,首先测定了深绿木霉T2菌株对6种常用杀菌剂的抗性,选择出了最敏感的杀菌剂－速克灵。同时通过紫外光照射挑选出突变菌株,并在不同浓度的速可灵(50～800 μg/mL)培养基上驯化,最后得到了4株对速克灵抗药性较强的菌株:T2-1,T2-2,T2-5和T2-6。10次转化、菌落生长速度测定、产孢数量的测定和对灰葡萄孢菌的拮抗作用测定结果表明,此4个菌株生物学特性稳定,其中T2-6菌株显著优于其他3株。