低蛋白日粮技术在禽类生产中的应用

本文就低蛋白日粮在禽类生产中的应用作一综述。     

八种肉用犬的繁殖性能研究

本文通过对狼犬、鞑子犬、青龙犬、大丹犬、英卡犬、沙皮犬、藏鳌、拿波伦犬等8个品种192只犬繁殖性能研究。发现这八种犬的发情季节多集中在3月份和10～11月份，发情持续时间一般为14d，交配最佳时间为11d。配种次数与窝产仔数间不存在相关。     

南美蟛蜞菊改变资源分配应对CO2升高对其竞争力的负影响

大气二氧化碳(Carbon dioxide,CO2)浓度正随着人类活动向着前所未有的浓度积累.作为光合作用的重要底物,CO2的增加会对植物生长及竞争能力产生影响,因此,研究未来CO2浓度升高背景下植物竞争力的变化对预测未来全球变化背景下植物群落演替及外来植物入侵具有重要意义.本研究以人工气候培养箱控制CO2浓度,探究了...     

改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略

氮磷在奶牛生长、发育和生产过程中发挥着重要作用,但在实际生产中,饲粮氮磷含量往往过高,而奶牛对于氮磷的利用效率普遍偏低,这不仅会造成饲料资源的浪费,而且加重了氮磷的排放,导致严重的环境污染.合理减少饲粮氮磷含量、提高奶牛机体对氮磷的利用效率具有重要的现实意义.因此,本文主要从影响氮磷利用效率的因素,以及改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略2个方面进行了综述,以期为提高奶牛氮磷利用效率,减少氮磷向环境的排放,提高奶牛场经济和生态效益提供理论依据.     

藏绵羊肺脏中链球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

本试验通过无菌采集西藏地区绵羊肺脏,然后进行细菌分离、纯化及PCR鉴定;同时,对分离的链球菌菌株进行药物敏感性研究,以期为生产实践中对该病原的防制提供参考信息。结果显示,纯化所得到的细菌呈革兰氏阳性链球状,经PCR、克隆、测序鉴定为链球菌;药敏试验结果显示分离菌株对复方新诺明、恩诺沙星、庆大霉素及四环素等大部分药物敏感。本研究为西藏地区绵羊链球菌病的有效防制提供参考。     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白抗原表位的表达与免疫活性研究

以猪瘟病毒全长基因组质粒为模板,PCR扩增出E2囊膜糖蛋白上A/D抗原区B细胞表位878aa～938aa;PCR扩增片段连接到pET-32a( )载体构建pET-AD原核表达质粒,将阳性质粒转化到BL21大肠埃希菌中诱导表达,以Ni-NTA亲和柱纯化,纯化后的蛋白进行Western blot鉴定。结果表明,重组质粒pET-AD在BL21大肠埃希菌中可以高效表达,表达的蛋白质经纯化后仍然有反应原性。     

旋毛虫不同发育时期排泄分泌物抗原在免疫学诊断中的应用研究

[目的]系统了解并比较旋毛虫不同发育时期排泄分泌物(ES)抗原的免疫学特性,探索可用于临床检测出栏猪旋毛虫感染的血清学诊断技术。[方法]分别以旋毛虫肠道期10 h肌幼虫(10 h ML)、肠道期30 h成虫(30 h Ad)、3 d成虫(Ad3)、6 d成虫与新生幼虫混合(Ad6+NBL)以及肌幼虫(ML)五个不同发育时期的ES作为包被抗原,应用ELISA方法,检测感染不同剂量、不同天数的猪血清中的抗旋毛虫抗体Ig M和Ig G水平,绘制抗体消长规律曲线并进行数据分析。[结果]10 h ML ES和ML ES作为包被抗原适合检测不同感染剂量、感染35 d之前的猪抗旋毛虫Ig M抗体,低剂量感染10 d左右可以检出,高剂量感染5 d也可以检出;Ad3 ES作为包被抗原对高剂量感染35 d之前的猪抗旋毛虫Ig M抗体检测敏感;Ad3和ML的ES作为包被抗原可检测不同剂量、感染35 d之后的猪抗旋毛虫Ig G抗体,其中Ad3 ES抗原检测低剂量感染的效果优于ML ES抗原。[结论]肠道期肌幼虫、成虫和肌幼虫的ES抗原可用于检测旋毛虫的早期感染,成虫和肌幼虫的ES抗原可用于检测出栏猪的旋毛虫感染。本研究为进一步合理有效利用旋毛虫不同发育时期的ES抗原,建立更有效的检测屠宰动物旋毛虫感染的方法提供了重要理论基础和参考。     

无线电追踪技术在地下啮齿动物研究中的应用

营地下生活的啮齿动物被誉为陆地生态系统的工程师,但其长期栖居于地下的生活习性难以被人们直接观察,给动物行为学和生态生物学等研究带来了挑战。随着科学技术的发展,无线电技术的小型化和轻量化为地下啮齿动物研究提供了可行性。国外学者已成功将无线电追踪技术应用于对地下啮齿动物洞道系统、活动节律、巢域面积变化以及社群制度等的研究。但国内将其应用于地下啮齿动物研究的较少。本文根据目前国内外研究现状,对无线追踪技术的研究内容和研究方法进行综述,以期为我国地下啮齿类研究提供参考。     

Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns：Flax→flax →flax→flax［（F）FFF］;Flax→wheat→potato→flax［（F）WPF］;Flax→potato→flax→wheat［（F）PFW］;Flax→ flax→wheat→potato［（F）FWP］;Flax→wheat→flax→potato［（F）WFP］and flax→wheat→potato→wheat［（F）WPW］. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield（29. 89%-109. 57%）in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was：（F）WPW>（F）FWP>（F）WFP>（F）PFW>（F）WPF>（F）FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively（P<0. 05）,compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation： Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

氯霉素间接竞争ELISA(ciELISA)检测方法的建立

以人工合成的氯霉素－牛血清白蛋白（ＣＡＰ－ＢＳＡ）为包被抗原,氯霉素（Ｃｈｌｏｒａｍｐｈｅｎｉｃｏｌ,ＣＡＰ）为竞争的半抗原,两者与一定量的抗ＣＡＰ单抗（ＣＡＰ－ＭｃＡｂ）反应。实验结果表明,理想的包被抗原浓度为１．２５μｇ／ｍｌ,抗ＣＡＰ－ＭｃＡｂ工作浓度为１：１２０００,酶标二抗工作浓度为 １： ５０００,可测最适范围为 １ｎｇ／ｍｌ－１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ,最小检测量为０．１ｎｇ／ｍｌ,批内和批间变异系数分别为３． ６２％和 ５． １９％。得到回归方程 ｙ ＝１．２７３０－ ０．６７４５ｘ（ｒ２＝ ０． ９７７９）和标准曲线,从而建立了快速定量测定 ＣＡＰ含量的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）。整个测定时间为６小时。