黄羽肉鸡群体遗传变异的微卫星分析及其与体重杂种优势的关系

选用10对微卫星引物分析了黄羽肉鸡A、B、C3个品系的遗传结构和差异,并对微卫星标记所计算的个体间遗传距离与C×B、C×A杂交后代的初生至8周龄体重的杂种优势和杂种优势率进行了相关分析。结果表明,10个微卫星标记中有9个表现出多态性,多态信息含量(PIC)和群体杂合度(Heterozigosity)分别为0·4400和0·6811,各品系、各微卫星基因座上都表现出一定差异。利用9个多态微卫星标记计算得出的亲本个体间的遗传距离与后代杂种优势率间多数没有显著的相关(P>0·05),仅C×B组合中亲本个体间平均遗传距离与第8周龄体重杂种优势和杂种优势率间相关显著(P<0·05)。     

变叶海棠遗传多样性的AFLP分析

 用8对引物对变叶海棠30个不同的变异类型进行了AFLP分析, 共扩增出656条带, 其中多态性带为568条, 平均每对引物扩增出71条多态性带, 多态性带百分率为86.59% , 各变异类型多态性比例介于0.3582～0.6296之间; 依据简单匹配系数对AFLP扩增结果进行UPGMA聚类, 30个变异类型在0.68水平上分为12个类群; 该试验从DNA水平上探明了变叶海棠的遗传多样性是变叶海棠与陇东海棠和花叶海棠产生渗入杂交形成的。     

莲雾种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

 对12份莲雾资源和2个莲雾近缘种进行了ISSR分析, 18条引物共扩增出459个位点, 其中多态性位点435个(94.77% ) 。利用UPGMA聚类分析表明: 蒲桃、马六甲蒲桃与莲雾分属于3个不同的组; 12个莲雾品种和品系又分成4个亚组, 这与传统分类学上按照果实成熟期的划分结果基本一致。     

辣椒新品种临椒1号的选育

临椒1号母本94-18是从尖椒22号中经提纯复壮、筛选出的优良自交系,父本94-33是国外引进品种匈奥804经多代自交分离出的优良自交系。该品种生长势强,果实羊角形,基部皱折,果色深绿,纵径23.0cm左右,横径3.0cm,单果质量40~60g,辣味浓。对疫病、病毒病和炭疽病的抗性强于对照尖椒22号。中熟,从定植到始收60d(天),一般每667m2产量2860kg左右,适宜鲜食、制酱。     

Embryonic stem cells transplant into subretinal space of C3B mouse

AIM:To study the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) at the subretinal space of C3B mouse whose retina are of normal structure. METHODS:Embryonic bodies (EB) were gained when embryonic stem cells were propagated 1 generation after anabiosis. The digested EB were transplanted into subretinal space of C3B mouse. The eyes were analysed by photo microscopy, electric microscopy and immune assay at 1st week, 3rd week and 2nd month after injection. RESULTS:The thickened retina appeared on the place of injection at 1st week. Teratoma formation was observed in 3 transplant recipients at 3rd week and 2nd month. The ratio of forming tumor was 25% in all eyes received cell transplant. Eye atrophy or scar at injection position was seen in other eyes. The nucleus of tumour cells had apparent strange type under electrical microscopy. The immune assay showed that part of the tumour were microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) positive;part of the tumour were glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) positive;a little cells were nestin positive. CONCLUSION:After transplantation into the subretinal space, ESC were not incorporated into retina or differentiated into retinal cells. The teratoma was formed in part of eyes. The security of application for ESC in eye was considerable.     

进境美国苹果果实中黑斑病病原的初步鉴定

从美国进境苹果中截获的链格孢Alternaria sp．，经分离纯化后，得到菌株（MP1），通过观察其产孢表型、孢子的形态特征以及接种试验后的病果症状，初步确定为苹果黑斑病菌Alternaria mali Roberts。     

香蕉枯萎病拮抗菌的筛选及其作用机制研究

通过分离和筛选,从香蕉园或者其他果园的土壤中分离获得13株对香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)具有抑制作用的拮抗菌,并对部分拮抗菌抑制病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发进行了试验。结果表明,拮抗菌株d4、d5、B3和p发酵液对香蕉枯萎病菌生长具有显著的抑制作用,在平板上产生的抑菌圈直径为21.75～34.75 mm,抑菌效果具有持续稳定性,对孢子萌发的抑制率为90.49%～97.18%;拮抗菌对病菌的作用表现为对菌丝的消融、菌丝细胞的泡囊化、抑制病菌分生孢子的萌发、孢子芽管的扭曲。     

Induction of antiviral resistance and stimulary effect by oligochitosan in tobacco

Oligochitosan was applied by spraying it on tobacco leaves for inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The maximum inhibition of TMV by oligochitosan was observed when inoculation occurred at 24 h after spraying 50 μg ml⁻¹ oligochitosan. The production of H₂O₂ and NO in epidermal tobacco cells induced by oligochitosan was investigated by epidermal strip bioassay and LSCM, using cell permeable fluorophore diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2D) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H₂DCF-DA), respectively. Epidermal tobacco cells treated with oligochitosan resulted in a strong increase of intracellular NO and H₂O₂. Oligochitosan and NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced the defense reaction against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. Co-treatment of the tobacco cells with oligochitosan and NO scavenger CPTIO blocked the inducing resistance. The results indicated that the defense response induced by oligochitosan was connected with NO pathway.     

细菌CpG DNA对鸡球虫弱毒苗Immucox的免疫增强效应

采用细菌CpG DNA作鸡球虫弱毒苗Immucox佐剂以探索其应用的可行性。将制备的细菌CpG DNA和球虫疫苗Immuncox单独或联合免疫接种肉鸡,第2次免疫后7d进行攻虫,口服接种柔嫩艾美儿球虫孢子化卵囊105个/只。感染后第7天,对试验动物进行称重并屠杀,分别观察盲肠病变积分、每克粪便卵囊排出数和体增重情况。结果:在相对增重方面,细菌CpG DNA+疫苗组高于感染非免疫组、疫苗组和CpG组,且与它们均差异显著(P<0.05);在卵囊排出总数和盲肠病变平均记分方面,细菌CpG DNA+疫苗组低于感染非免疫组、疫苗组和CpG组,且与之比较差异显著(P<0.05);在抗球虫综合指数方面,疫苗+细菌CpGDNA组达到172。结果表明用细菌CpG作鸡球虫弱毒苗Immucox的佐剂可提高该疫苗免疫保护效果。     

高山草甸垂穗披碱草人工草地群落特征及稳定性研究

通过对江河源区人工草地建成后植被恢复效果、生长动态、植物群落特征、环境因子及其演替的分析表明：植物生长季节，垂穗披碱草人工、半人工草地地上生物量和高度的增长趋势符合“慢（初期）-快（中期）-慢（后期）”的S型规律，植被盖度的增长趋势符合“快（初期）-慢（中期）-慢（后期）”的规律。人工草地建植后第二年，物种多样性指数、生物量、优势种群特征、草场质量和土壤特征因不同草地类型而有所变化。人工草地在建成后4年内植物群落由“生产稳定性”急剧向“生态稳定性”转化，呈现出明显的退化态势，退化原因与毒杂草侵入和有效养分逐步匮缺有关。加强高寒地区人工草地建成以后的后期管理如灭杂、灭鼠、施肥和禁止放牧等，对防止人工草地退化，提高利用效率，保证垂穗披碱草人工草地生产稳定性与生态稳定性之间的平衡极为重要。