贵州省农村信息化服务现状实证分析与发展对策

[目的]为深入了解贵州省农村信息化服务现状,以期更科学地探索与设计贵州省农村信息化服务模式,为广大农民提供优质的信息服务.[方法]对贵州省所有地州市典型县份、典型乡（镇）和行政村的农户以进村入户、现场调查、走访、座谈和发放问卷等方式进行实地调查和数据采集,并利用SPSS 19.0统计分析软件对数据进行分析处理.[结果]贵州省农村信息化服务基础设施建设成效显著、信息传播渠道呈立体化发展、信息服务内容丰富.但也存在基础设施运行效率不高、信息传播渠道不够畅通、信息资源质量不高、信息支付意愿不强等问题.[建议]应加大基础设施建设力度、提高基础设施利用率,整合各种信息传播途径、畅通信息服务渠道,加大信息资源建设力度、提高信息内容质量,加强教育力度、提高信息意识,以推动贵州省农村信息化服务快速发展.     

Improvements of TKC Technology Accelerate Isolation of Transgene-Free CRISPR/Cas9-Edited Rice Plants

Elimination of the CRISPR/Cas9 constructs in edited plants is a prerequisite for assessing genetic stability, conducting phenotypic characterization, and applying for commercialization of the plants. However, removal of the CRISPR/Cas9 transgenes by genetic segregation and by backcross is laborious and time consuming. We previously reported the development of the transgene killer CRISPR (TKC) technology that uses a pair of suicide genes to trigger self-elimination of the transgenes without compromising gene editing efficiency. The TKC technology enables isolation of transgene-free CRISPR-edited plants within a single generation, greatly accelerating crop improvements. Here, we presented two new TKC vectors that show great efficiency in both editing the target gene and in undergoing self-elimination of the transgenes. The new vectors replaced the CaMV35S promoter used in our previous TKC vector with two rice promoters to drive one of the suicide genes, providing advantages over our previous TKC vector under certain conditions. The vectors reported here offered more options and flexibility to conduct gene editing experiments in rice.     

生猪养殖规模成本与收益的比较研究

文章通过对1991~2012年我国生猪散养和规模养殖的有关成本和收益的比较分析后发现,生猪养殖的风险在不断加大,散户养殖的成本高于规模养殖,差距在不断扩大;散户养殖的收益低于规模养殖;虽然规模养殖的物质与服务成本高于散户养殖,但人工成本远低于散户养殖;规模养殖的单位用工量和平均饲养周期低于散户养殖。基于上述比较分析的结论,得出发展规模化养殖的几点启示。     

双孢菇菌渣基质的制备及其栽培黄瓜的效果比较

以双孢菇菌渣为研究对象,通过设置不同发酵菌、蔗糖和尿素的添加量,测定分析不同处理菌渣发酵后的容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度、电导率(EC)值及pH;不同处理发酵菌渣按照2∶1的体积比与蛭石混配后栽培黄瓜,以草炭和蛭石2∶1的体积比为对照,测量分析黄瓜的株高、糖含量和产量,以期探索菌渣发酵添加物的合理配比.结果 表明:1000 kg菌渣加入8 kg麦麸发酵菌、6 kg蔗糖、6 kg尿素,经过20～25 d后能够充分发酵,发酵后的菌渣基质理化性质符合作物栽培的要求,用于黄瓜栽培,其生长速度、糖度和产量最高,且显著超过了对照.     

Copper‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Responses of the Antioxidant System in Roots of Medicago sativa

The effects of various copper (Cu) concentrations on the antioxidative system in the roots of Medicago sativa were explored. The results indicated that the Cu content of the roots reached a value of 854 μg g^?1 DW at 10 μm Cu and a value of 4415 μg g^?1 DW at 100 μm Cu, suggesting that M. sativa has better ability to tolerate and accumulate Cu than other Cu‐bioaccumulators, and is a potential plant for phytoremediation. Treatment with Cu resulted in a significant increment in the levels of H₂O₂, O₂˙^? and OH˙. The reduced form of ascorbate and glutathione reached a peak at 30 μm Cu, and was followed by a sharp depletion to a lower level than that of the control. In contrast, the levels of the oxidised forms of ascorbate and glutathione showed a progressive increment with increasing Cu concentrations, suggesting that the antioxidant system was unable to cope with Cu stress at higher Cu levels. Under the Cu concentrations tested, the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) increased at lower Cu concentrations, and then decreased, reaching a maximum at 30 μm of Cu for APX and GR, at 10 μm for CAT, whereas the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) were gradually increased with increasing Cu concentrations. PAGE analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.1.5.1.1) revealed that one band is a Mn‐SOD and five bands are identified as Cu, Zn‐SOD, whereas Fe‐SOD isoforms were not found in the roots of alfalfa. Cu at 10–100 μm increased the intensity of constitutive isozymes of CAT, APX and POD, whereas it decreased the intensity of isozymes of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) significantly. The activities of lipoxygenases (LOX, EC 1.13.11.12) were gradually augmented with increasing Cu concentrations, demonstrating that LOXs are probably involved in production of lipid hydroperoxides and superoxide anion. There was a continuous and pronounced enhancement in the activity of esterase (EST, EC 3.1.1.1) in roots treated with 10–30 Cu μm , whereas EST activity in roots exposed to above 30 μm Cu declined, suggesting that EST plays a protective role under lower Cu concentrations stress.     

不同粗纤维水平饲粮对烟台黑猪肥育性能及胴体肉品质的影响

选择2014年春季出生的生长发育良好、胎次相近、体重35 kg左右的烟台黑猪仔猪95头为研究对象,随机分为3组,低纤维水平组31头饲喂低纤维水平饲粮,中纤维水平组34头饲喂中等纤维水平饲粮,高纤维水平组30头饲喂高纤维水平饲粮。每组3个重复,每个重复10~12头。结果表明:不同粗纤维水平饲粮对烟台黑猪35~75 kg生长期和75~95 kg肥育期的平均日增重影响显著。其中,生长期平均日增重以低纤维水平组最高,分别比中纤维水平组和高纤维水平组提高14.91%(P0.05)、23.05%(P0.01);肥育期平均日增重以中纤维水平组最高,分别比低纤维水平组、高纤维水平组提高20.96%(P0.05)、5.62%(P0.05)。生长期和全期料重比以低纤维水平组最低即饲料报酬最高,分别比中纤维水平组、高纤维水平组降低6.59%、15.51%、2.85%、6.14%。饲粮粗纤维水平对烟台黑猪胴体性能影响不显著,对肉质性状中的a值及干物质含量影响显著。a值、干物质和肌内脂肪含量都以低纤维水平组最高,分别比中纤维水平组和高纤维水平组提高9.75%(P0.05)、13.72%(P0.05)、6.09%(P0.05)、8.31%(P0.05)和110%(P0.05)、122.35%(P0.05)。不同粗纤维水平饲粮对烟台黑猪背最长肌的酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸影响显著,酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量都以高纤维水平组最高,分别比低纤维水平组和中纤维水平组提高10.00%(P0.05)、4.05%(P0.05)、11.90%(P0.05)、5.62%(P0.05)。不同粗纤维水平饲粮对烟台黑猪背最长肌亚油酸含量影响显著,对其他3种脂肪酸影响不显著。亚油酸含量以高纤维水平组最高,比低纤维水平组、中纤维水平组分别提高35.14%(P0.05)、4.74%(P0.05),其次是中纤维水平组较高,比低纤维水平组提高29.02%(P0.05)。综合分析,烟台黑猪适宜的饲粮粗纤维水平生长期为10%,肥育期为12%。     

2013 年国家鉴定的辣椒品种（一）

师研1 号、苏椒18 号、中椒0808 号、冀研16 号、京甜1 号、沈研15 号、湘研808、金田8 号、东方168、粤研1 号     

赤霉素调控植物块茎形态建成的研究进展

赤霉素对植物的生长发育具有重要的调控作用。综述了赤霉素调控块茎形态建成的研究进展。块茎形态建成是一个复杂的生理过程,受遗传、坏境等因素共同调控,其中,激素调控发挥重要作用。虽然多种激素参与调控块茎的形态建成,但它们的效果最终均依赖于赤霉素含量。一般认为赤霉素抑制或延缓块茎的形成,但对块茎生长膨大的作用有不同的看法。已明确植物体内赤霉素转导的GA-GID1-DELLA路径,但是否在块茎形态建成过程中发挥作用还不清楚。最后提出块茎形态建成可能分为块茎启动和生长膨大两个不同阶段,分属于两个独立的调控系统,同时存在不同于GA-GID1-DELLA信号通路的赤霉素途径,赤霉素在其中发挥的作用不同,机制也不同。     

库车坳陷克深地区现今地应力场及储层裂缝数值模拟

克深三维区目前处于勘探开发的前期,需要明确地应力场及地下储层裂缝的分布规律,指导开发工作,但该区存在地层埋深大、取心困难、成像测井资料缺乏等实际情况,应力场研究及裂缝预测难度大。利用有限元分析方法,以井点现今地应力值为约束进行了克深三维区现今地应力场的数值模拟,同时建立了应力应变与裂缝参数的定量关系模型,利用古今应力场结合法对克深三维区的裂缝参数进行了预测,模拟结果显示构造高部位和断层带是低应力值区及裂缝的有利发育区。裂缝的数值模拟结果与测井解释结果对比表明,预测结果与实钻吻合度较高,裂缝预测效果较好。     

进口越南屠宰用活猪重大动物疫病传入风险评估

为分析进口越南屠宰用活猪传入重大动物疫病的风险,探讨进口越南屠宰用活猪的可行性,参照世界动物卫生组织以及澳大利亚、新西兰等的进口风险分析技术,采用定性评估方法,开展非洲猪瘟、口蹄疫、猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等4种进境一类重大动物疫病传入释放评估、接触发生评估和后果评估。评估认为,非洲猪瘟、口蹄疫、猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等疫病具有"高"传入风险,可随活猪引进病原体,并且能够对我国养猪业产生不利影响,因此目前不能接受其进口。针对"高"传入风险,需要制定严格的降低疫病传入风险管理措施,包括严格产地要求、加强境外预检、指定口岸入境、强化隔离检疫、建立生物隔离区。本研究对我国动物产品进口贸易政策及检疫措施的制定提供了有力参考。