基于SRK和SCR序列的甘蓝自交不亲和系单倍型分析

采用RT-PCR和其他分子生物学方法,以甘蓝自交不亲和系E1和F1柱头cDNA为模板扩增SRKE1和SRKF1基因,以花药cDNA为模板扩增SCRE1和SCRF1基因.经序列比对首次证明E1和F1材料分别为S28和S7单倍型.经三维结构分析,预测SCRE1上C5-C6和C7-C8之间氨基酸序列决定SCRE1的单倍型特异性,SRKE1上TNNSFYSRLKVS序列决定了SRKE1的单倍型特异性,并对两者相对作用的关键氨基酸位点进行了分析.     

3份小麦品种（系）Gsp 1基因的克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的谷类作物硬度基因grain softness protein-1(Gsp-1)保守DNA序列设计一对特异性引物,以优质小麦品种(系)中国春、SZ-56及M9876基因组DNA为模板进行基因扩增、克隆和序列测定,获得636 bp的Gsp-1全长特异性片段。序列分析显示其含有495 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码全长为164 aa的蛋白,该蛋白含有Gsp-1典型的19 aa信号肽,10个保守的半胱氨酸以及2个保守的色氨酸。序列比对表明,Gsp-1基因不仅含有Gsp-1 a、Gsp-1 b和Gsp-1 c这3种类型,还含有一种新的类型,将其命名Gsp-1 d。进一步对其结构预测分析发现,Gsp-1蛋白可形成5个链间二硫键,含有4~5个α-螺旋。进化树分析显示Gsp-1基因与硬度主效基因Pina和Pinb有着紧密关系。     

集约化养鸡场空气环境中生物气溶胶特点研究

为了给北京地区不同类型养鸡场空气环境中生物气溶胶的危害评价提供基础数据,对蛋鸡和肉鸡两种养殖方式下,鸡舍内外空气环境中生物气溶胶的浓度和粒径分布进行检测,并对大肠菌群和抗生素抗性菌进行了分析。结果表明,北京郊区(县)蛋鸡舍内,所调查的五种生物气溶胶(细菌、真菌、大肠菌群、四环素和红霉素抗性菌)浓度高于同地区肉鸡舍(P<0.05)。蛋鸡舍内空气中约50%的细菌气溶胶分别具有四环素和红霉素抗性;大肠菌群、四环素抗性大肠菌群和红霉素抗性大肠菌群的平均浓度分别为7.32×103、2.87×103CFU·m-3和3.31×103CFU·m-3。两种养殖方式下细菌和真菌气溶胶粒径分布规律有所差异,导致其在细颗粒物中所占比例不同。     

旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播技术肥料效应研究

采用多点田间小区试验研究了不同旱作区小麦全膜覆土穴播技术的肥料效益。结果表明,全膜覆土穴播技术能显著提高小麦肥料利用率和肥料利用效率。全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾肥利用率最高分别为44.3%、24.7%、37.9%,平均分别为38.7%、21.0%、29.1%,较露地条播分别增加8.6、5.1、6.6个百分点;全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾肥料利用效率最高分别为14.8、25.0、13.1 kg·kg^-1,平均分别为12.9、21.2、12.3 kg·kg^-1,较露地条播分别增长29.0%、31.7%、23.0%。全膜覆土穴播技术能增强小麦对土壤养分的吸收利用能力,显著提高缺素区小麦的相对产量,从而降低氮、磷、钾施肥依从度。全膜覆土穴播小麦缺氮、缺磷、缺钾区相对产量最高分别为60.0%、54.7%、89.7%,平均为58.7%、52.7%、88.8%,较露地条播分别增加3.7、3.9、2.7个百分点;全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾施肥依从度最高分别为42.6%、49.5%、11.9%,平均为41.3%、47.3%、11.2%,较露地条播分别减少3.7、3.9、2.7个百分点。     

Biochemical Mechanism of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance in the Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella Linnaeus

The insecticide chlorantraniliprole exhibits good efficacy and plays an important role in controlling the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus. However, resistance to chlorantraniliprole has been observed recently in some field populations. At present study, diamondback moths with resistance to chlorantraniliprole (resistant ratio (RR) was 82.18) for biochemical assays were selected. The assays were performed to determine potential resistance mechanisms. The results showed that the selected resistant moths (GDLZ-R) and susceptible moth could be synergized by known metabolic inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO), triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethyl-maleate (DEM) at different levels (1.68–5.50-fold and 2.20–2.89-fold, respectively), and DEM showed the maximum synergism in both strains. In enzymes assays, a high level of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was observed in the resistant moth, in contrast, moths that are susceptible to the insecticide had only 1/3 the GST activity of the resistant moths. The analysis of short-term exposure of chlorantraniliprole on biochemical response in the resistant strain also showed that GST activity was significantly elevated after exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of chlorantraniliprole (about 1/3 LC₅₀, 12 mg L⁻¹) 12 and 24 h, respectively. The results show that there is a strong correlation between the enzyme activity and resistance, and GST is likely the main detoxification mechanism responsible for resistance to chlorantraniliprole in P. xylostella L., cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) and carboxy-lesterase (CarE) are involved in to some extent.     

Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with Neoseiulus barkeri for Control of Frankliniella occidentalis

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana(Balsamo) Vuillemin and predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes are effective biological control agents of F rankliniella occidentalis Pergande(Thysanoptera: Thripidae), one of the most important pests of ornamentals and vegetables world-wide. Combined application of both may enhance control efficiency. T he functional response for N. barkeri on the first instar larvae of western flower thrips which were infected by B. bassiana for 1 2 and 24 h in the laboratory((25±1)°C,(70±5)% RH, L:D=16 h:8 h) was determined. The virulence of B. bassiana against the secon d instar and pupae of the thrips attacked by N. barkeri were also tested. The re sults showed that N. barkeri exhibited a Hollin g type II fu n ctional response on treated thrips. After having been treated with the fungus for 12 h and then offered to the predator, thrips were more vulnerable to be killed by N. barkeri. The second instar larvae and pupae of the thrips which had been attacked by predatory mites were m arkedly more susceptible to B. bassiana infection than normal thrips; the cu mulative corrected mortality of B. bassiana of the second instar and pupae which were attacked by N. barkeri were 57 and 94%, respectively, compared to 35 and 80% in controls on the day 8. These findings highlight the potential use of B. bas siana in combination with N. barkeri to control F. occidentalis.     

七种药用植物c4h基因密码子偏好性及聚类分析

为了深入研究药用植物基因特性,利用CodonW和SPSS18.0软件对丹参、黄芪、黄芩、忍冬、桑树、野甘草、长春花共7种药用植物c4h基因密码子进行偏好性和聚类分析。结果表明:7种药用植物c4h基因的有效密码子数介于46.1~55.92,密码子使用偏好性弱,5种药用植物倾向于GC结尾的密码子,2种倾向于AT结尾的密码子。7种药用植物经聚类分析分为两大类,长春花与黄芪为一大类,另一大类中,丹参与黄芩为一类,野甘草、桑树和忍冬为一类。     

喀斯特森林优势树种罗伞生物量研究

为了准确评估喀斯特森林生物量,以青冈栎黄樟群落中罗伞为研究对象,采用回归模型估测法,从含水率、生物量时空异质性、生物量模型拟合3个方面进行生物量研究。结果表明:罗伞树叶和树干的含水率明显大于林木其他各组分,各组分含水率的大小为树叶树干干材树枝树皮;各组分生物量在空间上分配关系为干材树枝树叶树皮,并且各个组分生物量均随着胸径增大而增大。通过对解析木生物量的回归分析,得出罗伞各组分生物量的最优回归模型:Y树干=-1 664.800 0x2+299.630 0x-1.276 5(R2=0.926 9),Y树皮=11.543 0x2+19.985 0x+0.032 1(R2=0.939 5),Y树枝=-567.560 0x2+98.880 0x-0.994 6(R2=0.943 9),Y树叶=-121.690 0x2+48.549 0x-0.399 9(R2=0.937 0),Y干材=-1 624.700 0x2+274.240 0x-1.190 9(R2=0.912 0),Y地上部分=-2 302.400 0x2+441.650 0x-2.553 2(R2=0.953 9)。     

小鼠RPL9基因克隆及组织表达差异性研究

根据已报道的小鼠核糖体蛋白L9基因( RPL9)序列设计PCR引物,克隆RPL9基因,并以β-actin为内参基因,采用相对荧光定量RT-PCR方法,检测、分析RPL9基因mRNA在小鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑及脂肪7个组织中表达量的差异。结果表明,成功克隆出RPL9基因序列全长,该基因在小鼠的7个组织中均有不同程度的转录表达,其中,在脂肪中的表达量最高,在肾、脾和脑中的表达量较高,在心、肝中的表达量较低,在肺中表达量最低。     

5种七彩神仙鱼5S rDNA序列的比较

采集鳍条,设计引物,提取了5种(黑格尔、盖子红、鸽子红、天子蓝、红点绿)七彩神仙鱼(Symphysodon)的5S r DNA,分析了其序列。结果表明:5种七彩神仙鱼均具有201 bp和401 bp 5S r DNA结构单元,而黑格尔(野生)、盖子红和鸽子红分别具有300,299,338 bp 5S r DNA结构单元。其编码区高度保守,而非转录间隔区差异显著,特别是黑格尔(野生)300 bp、盖子红299 bp和鸽子红338 bp的非转录间隔区。5种七彩神仙鱼G+C碱基的含量很高。红点绿、盖子红、鸽子红和天子蓝4个人工品种与野生品种黑格尔的亲缘关系分别为97.53%、90.12%、88.89%和85.19%,其中红点绿与黑格尔的亲缘关系最近。