聚维酮碘对中华绒鳌蟹蟹种急性毒性实验和概率回归分析

本实验为掌握聚维酮碘对中华绒鳌蟹蟹种的半致死剂量(LD50)。通过预实验,得到实验剂量的上限剂量对数值(Xk)和下限剂量对数值(Xi),实验组间距(d),再确定实验组药物浓度。实验设1个对照组,7个实验组药物浓度分别为15.85,19.50,23.99,29.51,36.31,44.67和54.95mg/L。每个实验组放置雌、雄蟹蟹种各10只,平均体重(5.95±0.48)g。以一次性给药方式,观察和记录24h和48h实验蟹种的死亡情况。实验数据采用SAS统计软件中概率单位程序进行概率回归分析。实验结果显示,7个实验组聚维酮碘对中华绒鳌蟹蟹种24h急性毒性试验死亡率分别为0、0、0.15%、0.35%、0.85%、0.95%、100.0%、100.0%。直线回归方程:Y=-16.104 1+11.519 2log(Dose),R2=0.897 4(P>0.8)。24h半致死剂量(LD50)为25.004 86mg/L,95%可置信区间23.313 96~26.806 31mg/L。48h对照组和实验组实验蟹种在24h基础上均无死亡。     

Effect of Bacillus cereus as a water or feed additive on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia

We evaluated the effects of Bacillus cereus, as an additive in water and feed, on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Experiments were performed in tanks and net cages respectively. Experiment 1: Tilapia were housed in tanks for 42 days, and B. cereus was added to the water at 1.0 × 10⁴ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 ×10⁵ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Experiment 2: Tilapia were housed in cages for 42 days, and the feed was supplemented with B. cereus at 1.0 × 10⁷ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 × 10⁸ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Each treatment contained three replicates, with 50 male tilapias per replicate. The fish from the probiotic treatments in both tank and cage experiments had significantly higher serum lysozyme and peroxidase activities than the control. In the cage experiment, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase activities in tilapia were significantly higher in probiotic treatments compared with the control. The results of polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that B. cereus supplementation in the feed and water affected the autochthonous gut bacteria community of tilapia and stimulated various potentially beneficial bacteria. Therefore, B. cereus, as a water or feed additive, could enhance the immune status and affect the gut microbiota of tilapia. Bacillus cereus was more effective as a feed supplement rather than a water additive for enhancing the immune status of tilapia.     

紫花苜蓿根际丛枝菌根真菌与土壤理化性质的相关性研究

为调查山西省大同矿区紫花苜蓿草地中丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与根际土壤性质之间的相关性,于2014年10月采集浑源县、南郊区、大同县、矿区4块样地中不同深度的紫花苜蓿根茎和根际土壤,并分析了紫花苜蓿的菌根侵染率以及土壤的理化性质。结果表明:4块样地中紫花苜蓿根部菌根侵染率均在70%以上;除大同县规律不明显以外,其它3块样地中菌根侵染率与孢子密度均表现出随着土层深度增加而降低的规律。分析总相关性得知,菌根侵染率与有机质、硝态氮、速效磷、易提取球囊霉素(EEG)和总球囊霉素(TEG)呈显著正相关性(P0.05);TEG和EEG均与菌根侵染率、有机质、硝态氮和速效磷呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。分析同土层各因素的相关性则发现,只有在20~30cm土层,菌根侵染率和孢子密度与硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾和EEG有显著相关性(P0.05)。以上结果说明,大同地区丛枝菌根真菌与紫花苜蓿可以形成良好的共生关系,菌根真菌对土壤营养成分具有重要的作用,尤其在20~30cm土层更有效。     

我国数字乡村研究前沿热点与建设特征分析

为给我国数字乡村后续理论研究和建设实践提供参考,本研究采用文献计量学的方法,使用CiteSpace软件对2016―2021年CSSCI来源期刊上有关数字乡村研究的804篇文献绘制了知识图谱,并基于文献计量结果对数字乡村核心知识元素、前沿热点和话域主题展开了深入分析。结果显示,我国数字乡村研究和建设实践具有四大特征,即以历史任务为主线、数字信息技术为依托、经济建设为重心和多维领域共同发力。从数字乡村研究力量、研究方法、研究内容和重点任务等方面进行了研究展望,并对数字乡村建设实践提出了6条系统性对策建议,即拓宽乡村数字化振兴路径;打造乡村良好数字生态环境;提高数字农业建设质量与效益;强化乡村数字经济新业态;提升乡村数字治理绩效;坚持多维领域纵深推进。     

The Algorithm of Searching out the Least and Most Loops by Making Use of Direction Factor

Based upon the conception of the least loop,the most loop and direction factor presented by the author firstly,the algorithm of searching out the least and most loops has been designed.By building the adjoining matrix, confirming the start-point of searching,vectorizing the searching sides,calculating the direction factor of adjoining sides,we can search out the next side of the least loop or the most loop rapidly.With a valid searching side being confirmed at every searching and the searching scope being reduced by forming degenerate graph,the time compexity of the algorithm is much less. In the research of the automatic calculating system of construction quantities, the problem of houses partition and out-wall partition had been solved succesfully by utilizing this searching algorithm.     

杉木雄性不育性遗传机理初步分析*

对杉木雄性不育原株混合授粉子代的开花情况作了观测与分析,初步认为杉木雄性不育性属核质基因作用型,即雄性不育株的细胞核有5对控制育性的隐性纯合基因,细胞质有一种控制不育性的基因,构成雄性不育基因型S (ms1 ms1 ms2 ms2 ms3 ms3 ms4 ms4 ms5 ms5)。     

提高猪肉风味的饲料对育肥猪血液生化指标的影响

选择临床健康、70日龄的杜长大三元杂交仔猪60头,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组30头。对照组只喂给基础日粮,试验组饲喂提高猪肉风味的饲料,两组均在同一条件下,按常规方法饲养管理,饲喂90d结束试验。试验结束后,空腹耳静脉采血,离心分离血清,测定血清中14项生化指标。试验结果表明,提高猪肉风味的饲料对肥育猪血液各项生化指标无明显影响。     

达氏鳇外周血细胞的形态学研究

利用光镜和透射电镜技术研究达氏鳇(Kalugaa,Huso dauricus)外周血细胞的显微和超微结构、分类和计数。结果表明,在外周血细胞中可区分出红细胞、单核细胞、大淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞、粒细胞和血栓细胞。红细胞卵圆形,大小为(11.22±0.56)μm×(7.92±1.01)μm;细胞质内可见到线粒体;单核细胞为圆形,大小为(10.55±1.61)μm×(9.38±2.04)μm;胞质内空泡较多,有的直接与细胞外相通;大淋巴细胞有指状胞凸,大小为(8.09±1.14)μm×(7.22±1.65)μm;小淋巴细胞有伪足样胞凸,大小为(7.22±1.35)μm×(6.31±1.24)μm;血栓细胞圆形,大小为(4.82±0.68)μm×(4.03±0.81)μm;核质比较大,未发现任何细胞器。嗜中性粒细胞的大小为(11.84±1.38)μm×(10.34±1.31)μm,含有多种形态的细胞核及着色和大小不同的颗粒。嗜酸性粒细胞的大小为(11.26±1.35)μm×(10.16±1.29)μm,嗜酸性颗粒数量较多、个体较大。红细胞密度为82.16×104/mm3~106.90×104/mm3,白细胞密度为1.91×104/mm3~4.55×104/mm3。大淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞、粒细胞和单核细胞所占百分比分别为:0.12%~8.78%、26.35%~107.43%、3.22%~29.42%、0.69%~23.99%;各类血细胞从大到小依次为:粒细胞、单核细胞、红细胞、大淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞和血栓细胞。     

日本沼虾饲料最适蛋白质、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比的研究

本文研究了日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)饲料的最适蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比。试验用饲料由酪蛋白、糊精、混合油、复合维生素和无机盐混合物等组成。本试验用的日本沼虾体重为 1.77±0.23克,试验期间水温为 21—25℃。用增重率、饲料系数和肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力等作为评价指标。试验结果表明:日本沼虾配合饲料适宜蛋白质含量为 36.8—42.27％,适宜脂肪含量为6—12％。当配合饲料的蛋内质含量在适宜范围内,饲料能量蛋白比(C/P)为8千卡/克蛋白左右,每公斤配合饲料的总能量为3006—3561千卡是最为适宜的。当饲料总能量在一定范围内,随着饲料碳水化合物含量的增加,肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力增强。     

玉米生产技术信息资源共享平台的设计研究

从玉米农户对生产技术信息需求出发,分析了国内玉米生产信息化的研究成果及存在问题,提出了应用Web(互联网)与WAP(无线应用通讯协议,Wireless Application Protocol)技术,面向玉米生产实际,构建一个可通过计算机、手机访问的包括玉米生产知识、玉米病理咨询、玉米供产销信息等内容的综合信息资源共享平台,对该平台的体系结构及实现技术进行了阐述。