不同播种期与种植密度对浙秋豆2号农艺性状的影响

为实现浙秋豆2号的高产高效栽培,选择了不同播种期与种植密度两个因素,布置田间试验。结果表明,随着播种期的推迟,浙秋豆2号各个生育阶段的历期都有减少,全生育期明显缩短。迟播是浙秋豆2号株高变矮、主茎节数和分枝数减少的一个主要原因,而种植密度对这些性状的影响不明显。分析表明,在本试验的设计范围内,早播密植能够极显著地提高浙秋豆2号的产量。通过对不同密植程度种植的浙秋豆2号的冠层下光强规律的观察分析表明,在密植栽培条件下,浙秋豆2号叶面积指数增大,冠层遮荫程度较高,冠层的透射率降低,对于提高浙秋豆2号群体的光能利用率和光合产量产生了很好的作用。     

用GGE双标图分析燕麦区域试验品系产量稳定性及试点代表性

为准确评价燕麦品系的稳产性和适应性,采用GGE双标图对2006—2008年国家燕麦区域试验10个试点的12个裸燕麦品系及6个参试地点的6个皮燕麦品系试验数据进行分析。结果显示,坝莜8号、坝莜3号和张燕2号属于高产、稳产性较好的品系;科燕1号和保罗具有特殊适应性,在局部地区有推广价值。在10个裸燕麦试点中,河北张北最具有代表性,吉林白城、新疆乌鲁木齐、河北崇礼、宁夏固原和内蒙古武川的鉴别力较好,而甘肃会宁和山西右玉的鉴别力较差。在6个皮燕麦试点中,内蒙古武川最具有代表性,青海西宁的鉴别力最好,河北张北的鉴别力较差。本研究为客观评价燕麦参试品系的高产性及稳产性提供了简便、有效的分析手段,也为国家燕麦品种鉴定与推广提供了依据。     

普通小麦-华山新麦草1Ns二体异附加系的农艺性状和品质

对新培育的普通小麦-华山新麦草1Ns二体异附加系H9021-28-5的农艺性状、面粉加工品质和籽粒矿物质元素含量考察和测定表明,与亲本7182相比,异附加系H9021-28-5的株高、分蘖数、穗粒数、小穗数和结实率等性状值显著降低,籽粒重量和粒径等性状值显著升高,条锈病抗性增强;沉降值、稳定时间、弱化度、拉伸曲线面积等品质指标得到显著改善,籽粒中镁、铜、锌、钼等元素的含量显著提高。华山新麦草1Ns染色体对小麦部分农艺性状、面粉加工品质指标和矿物质元素含量具有正向效应。     

Transportation and Transformation of Pollutants in a New Type Constructed Wetland

A three stage series operational pilot scale constructed wetland was built for domestic wastewater treatment with inflow of 4.5 m3/d .The mass balance method was adopted to quantify the transportation and transformation of pollutants in constructed wetland during steady state operation.It was shown that the average removal rate of CODcr was 87.14%, in which 68.45% contributed by dissimilation and 18.69% contributed by assimilation.The average removal rate of TN was 60.21% and the contributions of denitrification and microbial assimilation or plant assimilation were 53.64%, 5.39% and 1.18%, respectively.The average removal rate of TP was 59.36% and the contributions of substrates absorption and microbial assimilation or plant assimilation were 43.55%, 12.26% and 3.55%,respectively.In conclusion, microorganisms played a key role in the removal of pollutants and substrates adsorption was the main approach to phosphorus removal.     

联合气调包装贮藏对樱桃保鲜效果的影响

采用冷藏条件下联合自发气调包装(CMP)方式贮藏樱桃进行了调查研究,结果表明,贮藏10天樱桃的呼吸强度为4.1 mgCO2/kg·h左右,腐烂率基本控制在10%以内.与纯冷藏相比,联合气调包装保鲜方式可以有效地降低采后樱桃的呼吸强度与腐烂率,有效地保持了采后樱桃的硬度,提高其耐贮性,经济效益显著.     

壳聚糖对丰都红心柚保鲜效果的影响

采用H202氧化降解法制备相对分子质量(Mw)为1 500～2000的低分子质量壳聚糖.先用有益微生物制剂100液浸果2 min,再用浓度为1.5%的低分子质量壳聚糖涂膜保鲜丰都红心柚.试验结果表明,在常温和普通民房贮藏条件下贮藏100天,其烂果率为9.2%、干疤率为10.3%,防腐保鲜效果优于化学防腐保鲜剂.     

玉米花生间作复合体系光合特性的研究

以单作玉米和单作花生为对照，研究了间作玉米花生功能叶片的光合速率、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）和PSⅡ实际光化学效率（Φ_PSⅡ）的日变化以及叶绿素含量。结果表明，间作提高了玉米、花生叶绿素含量，其光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线，中午达到最大值；玉米东西行向种植东侧功能叶片的光合速率，上午间作明显大于单作，下午相反；间作明显提高了玉米阴天和晴天的光合速率，却明显降低了花生光合速率；在晴天，间作玉米花生的F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ日变化均呈倒抛物线，上午间作玉米明显大于单作的，下午相反，间作明显提高了花生的F_v/F_m，中午花生的Φ_PSⅡ间作低于单作，上午和下午反之；阴天的F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ，间作玉米除中午小于外，上午和下午均大于单作玉米，间作花生全天均高于单作花生，说明玉米花生间作提高了花生对弱光的吸收利用效率。     

陆地棉品种百棉1号主要株型性状的遗传研究

对陆地棉品种百棉1号主要株型性状进行了主基因-多基因混合遗传分析。结果表明,株高、果枝长度、株高/果枝长度、主茎节间长度、果枝节间长度、总果节数、总果枝数、有效果枝数和果枝夹角的最适模型分别为D-4、C-0、D-4、D-2、E-0、D-2、B-1、B-1和C-0,除果枝长度和果枝夹角外,其它性状均检测到主基因。总果枝数、有效果枝数和果枝节间长度为主基因遗传或以主基因遗传为主,对其可采用单交重组或简单回交转育转移增效主基因;株高、株高/果枝长度、主茎节间长度、果枝长度和果枝夹角为多基因遗传或以多基因遗传为主,对其可采用聚合回交或轮回选择累积增效多基因;总果节数以主基因和多基因遗传并重,对其可根据主基因、多基因相对效应大小分别考虑。     

Recycling Dosage Analysis of Alkaline Hydrolysis Supernatant ofWAS as Carbon Source for Denitrification

Reaction rate of alkaline supernatant of waste activated sludge (WAS) as carbon sources for denitrification was investigated to determine the recycling dosage preliminarily. WAS was digested under alkaline conditions and batch tests were carried out under different VFA/N ratio at SRT=9d to examine the denitrification rate and choose the optimal ratio. And then a comparative test was carried out for actual sewage wastewater and pure sewage wastewater to investigate its feasibility in recycle and the recycling dosage. It was found that denitrification curve of all ratios could be divided into four stages and the denitrification rate increased obviously with the increase of VFA/N ratio, which was consistent with that of the pH curve. While as the ratio increased beyond 2.47, the denitrification rate increased slowly. Furthermore, when the supernatant was added to the sewage wastewater to some extent, denitrification rate increased significantly and the removal amount of nitrate in two parallel tests were 47.0 and 33.9 mg/L, respectively.     

离心泵进口回流诱导的空化特性

为了研究离心泵进口回流的空化特性,以IS65-50-160型离心泵为研究对象,首先选取CFX,Fluent和PumpLinx这3种模拟软件,应用标准k-ε模型,进行了网格无关性分析;其次,搭建了可用于外特性试验的开式试验台,将3种软件的外特性模拟值与试验值进行对比,分析3种软件在各工况下数值模拟的精确度;最后采用误差最小的模拟软件进行后续的空化和压力脉动数值模拟.结果表明:与其他2种数值模拟软件相比,CFX软件对小流量工况的模拟较为准确;由于回流的排挤作用加剧了主流区空化的发生;回流旋涡空泡的初生处于非附着状态,随着空化数的降低,最终附着在叶片上;回流旋涡空泡的发展和溃灭使得泵的特性曲线在急剧下降前出现了一段缓慢上升的趋势;在回流旋涡发生时,在叶轮进口以及叶片进口均出现了频率为9.7 Hz的低频脉动.