中国土壤氮含量、空间格局及其环境控制

Soil holds the largest nitrogen （N） pool in terrestrial ecosystems, but estimates of soil N stock remain controversial. Storage and spatial distribution of soil N in China were estimated and the relationships between soil N density and environmental factors were explored using data from China＇s Second National Soil Survey and field investigation in northwest China and the Tibetan Plateau. China＇s soil N storage at a depth of one meter was estimated at 7.4 Pg, with an average density of 0.84 kg m^-2. Soil N density appeared to be high in southwest and northeast China and low in the middle areas of the country. Soil N density increased from the arid to semi-arid zone in northern China, and decreased from cold-temperate to tropical zone in the eastern part of the country. An analysis of general linear model suggested that climate and vegetation determined the spatial pattern of soil N density for natural vegetation, which explained 75.4% of the total variance.     

Non-contact IOP measuring system based on aerostatic technology

For the foreign monopoly of current non-contact tonometry technology and the disadvantage of domestic existing technology,we develop a new type of non-contact tonometry system base on equilibrium principle and aerostatic technology. The system adopts ARM9 S3C2440A as the core,mainly including flotation measurement module,control module,human-computer interaction and communication interface module. The flotation measurement module could finish the signal acquisition and measurement on CCD camera,pressure sensor,and optical signals of corneal reflection that the control module mainly controlled the supply gas pressure of centered gas chamber. When the developed system is used to measure human intraocular pressure,the measured values show that there is only less than 6.01% repeatability error. Compared with the imported non-contact tonometry,the absolute error between two equipments’ measured IOP values is also no more than 1.3m mHg,which shows that the system could detect the intraocular pressure of people quickly and easily.     

木糖还原酶基因克隆及重组表达载体的构建

木糖还原酶是木糖醇生物合成的关键酶,催化木糖合成木糖醇。以实验室筛选并经分子生物学鉴定为季也蒙毕赤酵母的木糖还原酶基因为基础,以酵母表达载体pPICZαA成功构建了含有木糖还原酶的重组表达载体pPICZαA-xyl,为进一步研究真核表达木糖还原酶和木糖醇的生产奠定基础。     

罗布麻遗传多样性的AFLP分析

利用AFLP分子标记技术,对产于内蒙古通辽、包头与巴彦淖尔的罗布麻遗传多样性进行分析.用筛选出的4对适宜引物组合共扩增出5 359个AFLP位点,其中多态性位点4 889个,多态性位点比率高达91.22%;产于通辽地区的罗布麻遗传变异较大,与包头和巴彦淖尔两地的罗布麻亲缘关系较远,而包头与巴彦淖尔两地间的罗布麻亲缘关系相对较近.聚类结果与材料的来源地有一定相关性,较好地反映了不同地区间的遗传背景及亲缘关系.     

根系不同分隔方式下油菜和鹰嘴豆对小麦锰营养的影响

通过根系分隔盆栽试验,研究了油菜和鹰嘴豆对小麦生长及锰营养的影响.结果表明:与油菜或鹰嘴豆混作能显著改善小麦生长及锰营养,其地上部干质量和吸收锰量均以根系不分隔处理显著高于根系完全分隔处理,但油菜和鹰嘴豆的生长受小麦抑制,表现为不分隔处理地上部干质量及吸锰量显著低于完全分隔.不施锰小麦/油菜和小麦/鹰嘴豆混作体系中,根系不分隔处理小麦根区土壤DTPA-Mn含量显著高于其他分隔方式,且油菜或鹰嘴豆地上部植株锰含量显著高于相应的混作小麦,在锰胁迫条件下,油菜和鹰嘴豆根系活化的土壤锰可被小麦吸收利用.因此与油菜或鹰嘴豆混作是改善小麦锰营养的有效途径之一.     

基于水资源分布的海南省生态安全分析

水资源空间分布状况直接决定着生态安全。参照洛仑兹曲线原理及基尼系数的计算方法,构建水资源与耕地、GDP和人口分布的空间匹配度系数,以此来衡量水资源分布与耕地资源、GDP和人口分布的空间匹配程度,得到海南省水资源与耕地资源、GDP和人口分布的空间匹配比较均衡的结果,目前海南省的生态处于安全状态。     

伊通河(长春市区段)沉积物重金属元素化学形态分布特征

对伊通河（长春市区段）沉积物中重金属元素的含量和形态的分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,重金属元素的总量呈现出沿河变化的趋势,且各重金属元素沿河变化程度有很大区别;沉积物中铁主要以残渣态存在,Mn、Pb、Cu、Zn元素残渣态含量很低,而有效态含量却很大（70%）,即伊通河沉积物中存在着潜在的重金属污染。沉积物中重金属在各形态的叠加也有所区别,Pb和Cu主要叠加在有机物态和残渣态中,而Zn则主要叠加在铁锰氧化物态中。     

有机高聚物包膜控释肥氮释放特性的测定与农业评价

采用水浸泡法对 3种有机高聚物包膜控释肥Osmocote 、MEISTER 和山东农业大学包膜肥试样的养分溶出特征进行了系统比较测定 ,研究了 3种控释肥初期溶出率、微分溶出率和养分释放期的特征与差异 ;研究了温度对3种包膜控释肥氮素释放率与释放期的影响 ;通过土壤施用包膜控释肥的盆栽试验 ,测定水稻全生育期的吸氮量和产量。并将 2种测定方法综合分析 ,用于评价不同控释肥的作用适应性 ,为包膜控释肥的合理使用提供依据     

关于发展农业节水灌溉的建议

本文提出了农业节水的关键是：节水的主要潜力在河水灌　区，要按农业用水需要量控制灌溉水量，要在河水灌区积极开发利用浅层地下水和微咸水，　发展井渠结合灌溉的统一管理并改革水价．     

安徽省驷马山引江灌溉工程水价制度研究

结合该工程的实际情况 ,在全面分析工程现行水价制度存在的主要问题的基础上 ,扼要讨论了工程的理论水价计算 ,对驷马山引江工程水价征收办法进行了较深入的研究。