土壤日晒在绿色植保中的应用与展望

土壤消毒主要用于土壤病虫草害防控。过去几十年,土壤主要采用化学药品熏蒸消毒,不合理使用容易造成环境污染。土壤蒸汽消毒、火焰消毒和热水浇灌等需要专门的仪器设备,且存在能耗较高、灭生性强、容易破坏土壤结构等缺点。目前,土壤日晒技术受到意大利、美国、以色列等70多个国家农业科学家的广泛关注,但在中国依然处于初级阶段。本文总结了国内外学者关于土壤日晒对农业病虫草害、土壤肥力、农作物产量等方面的影响与应用,分析了土壤日晒存在的局限性,并对土壤日晒在未来农业绿色防控上的应用前景进行了展望,以期为农产品无公害生产提供理论依据和实践参考。     

学校供餐计划与人力资本积累的研究进展

为探究学校供餐计划对人力资本积累的影响,采用文献综述方法,系统回顾和梳理学校供餐计划的国际研究进展,阐明学校供餐计划的概念和理论基础,重点分析其对人力资本积累的短期影响、长期效果以及溢出效应。在此基础上,探究学校供餐计划的方案设计和国际经验,进一步分析现阶段中国农村义务教育学生营养改善计划取得的成效和可能的不足,并提出相应完善建议。结果表明：学校供餐计划对人力资本积累具有重要影响,中国需要进一步构建项目监督和激励机制,结合其他益贫政策,发挥营养健康教育的协同作用,进而提高人力资本和促进乡村振兴。本研究的梳理总结有助于加深对学校供餐计划的认识,同时为我国有效实施营养干预项目,促进儿童人力资本积累和减少贫困代际转移提供借鉴和思考。     

模糊聚类分析在农业经济类型划分中的应用

利用模糊聚类分析的方法,以山西左权为例,选取全县十个乡(镇)的8项指标,对农业经济类型划分进行了分析,得到了与实际相吻合的结果.克服了传统方法的不确定性.     

不同曝气比率对蛋白核小球藻生长的影响

通过室内控制实验,研究了不同曝气比率对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长过程影响,构建了曝气比率与ODmax、μmax、Cmax的适配曲线。实验设置0%、2%、10%、20%、30%、50%、70%共计7组曝气比率,在1 000 lx光强和20℃条件下,采用BG-11培养基培养小球藻至稳定生长。结果显示,适宜的曝气能促进小球藻生长,其最适曝气比率为20%,过量曝气会抑制小球藻生长;曝气比率(x)与ODmax、Cmax、μmax拟合方程分别为:Omax=170.63x3-231.83x2+84.341x+1.8439(0x50%;R2=0.9850)、Cmax=15.844x3-19.803x2+6.8594x+0.0521(0x50%;R2=0.9285)、μmax=8.1202x3-11.428x2+4.4963x+0.1173(20%x30%;R2=0.8581);50%x70%的关系式有待进一步验证。探究不同曝气比率对小球藻生长的影响,可为其优化培养与资源化利用提供理论依据。     

黄鳝怀卵量的调查和比较分析

新河乡、陶店乡２５．０￣３０．０ｃｍ体长段黄鳝的怀卵率最高,绝对怀卵强度亦较高,新河乡２８．０￣３２．０ｃｍ体长段黄鳝♀：♂＝１：１,３０．０￣３４．９ｃｍ体长段与２９．９ｃｍ以下体长段黄鳝的平均怀卵强度之间差异显著;陶店乡２３．０￣２６．０ｃｍ体长段黄鳝♀：♂＝１：１,２５．０￣２９．９ｃｍ体长段与２４．９ｃｍ以下体长段黄鳝的平均怀卵强度之间有显著差异。两地相比,３４．９ｃｍ以下体长段黄鳝的平均     

青龙湖冬季浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为探究青龙湖浮游植物群落结构特征及其水环境影响因子,确定水体营养化现状,于2016年12(冬季)对青龙湖10个采样点浮游植物种类组成、丰度与生物量以及水质理化指标进行调查分析。结果显示,冬季青龙湖共鉴定出浮游植物5门、17属、50种(含变种),硅藻和绿藻是青龙湖浮游植物优势类群,浮游植物种类组成表现为硅藻-绿藻型;优势类群为硅藻门颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、颗粒直链藻极狭变种(M.granulata var.angustissima)、颗粒直链藻极狭变种螺旋变型(M.granulata var.angustissima f.spiralis)及蓝藻门类颤鱼腥藻(Anabaena oscillarioides)、水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flos-aquae),优势种在各采样点分布差异不明显。冬季浮游植物丰度均值为6.71×104个/L,生物量均值为0.07mg/L;各采样点Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数与Pielou指数分别为0.98~2.31、0.61~2.37及0.19~0.84。冗余分析(RDA)表明,pH、溶解氧、溶解氧饱和度、水温与氧化还原电位与青龙湖浮游植物群落结构关系最为密切。Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数评价水质结果为中度污型水平。     

结球甘蓝耐裂球性状的配合力及遗传力研究

按照Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ,选用6个结球甘蓝骨干自交系,配制15个杂交组合,进行耐裂球性状的配合力及其遗传力分析。结果表明：基因加性效应和非加性效应对耐裂球性状均起重要作用,且以加性效应为主,随着田间持续生长时间的延长其加性效应所占比例增加,GCA方差在总遗传方差中所占比例大,GCA/SCA值大于1,且差异达显著水平。选择耐裂球材料时,应着重一般配合力的选择,且应重视在早期世代进行选择。     

Role of nestin in the maintenance of the structure of podocytes

AIM:To investigate the expression of nestin, a kind of cytoskeletal protein in cultured murine podocytes and the role of nestin in the maintenance of the podocyte structure.METHODS:The immortalized murine podocytes were cultured. The expression of nestin was determined by immunofluorescence. In differentiated podocytes, the expression of nestin was knock-down by RNAi. The effect of nestin knock-down was examined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The projections longer than maximal length of the cell body in which the cells transfected with siRNA and control vector that contained nonhomologous oligo were counted, respectively. RESULTS:Nestin siRNA markedly reduced or abolished nestin expression. In cells transfected with nestin siRNA, the percentage of cells with processes was significantly lower than that in cells transfected with control vector (77.0%±6.3% vs 16.0%±4.6%, n=3, P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Nestin may play an important role in maintaining normal function of podocytes.     

Changes of immune function and mortality in patients with sepsis-induced stress hyperglycemia

AIM: To investigate the role of stress hyperglycemia on condition assessment and predicting prognosis in patients with sepsis. METHODS: The study included 44 patients with sepsis, divided into three groups according to their blood glucose profile within 24 h after admission: patients with stress hyperglycemia (group SH, n=15), diabetes mellitus type 2 (group DM, n=10), and normal glucose levels (group NG, n=19). CD4+/CD8+ ratio, Th1/Th2 ratio and HLA-DR% of the patients were measured within 24 h after admission by flow cytometry as assessment of their immune function. The sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scores of patients were recorded at the same time to analyze whether stress hyperglycemia affects the immune function and the 28 d mortality in patients with sepsis. RESULTS: A higher mortality rate of septic patients with stress hyperglycemia was observed compared to diabetic patients (53.3% vs 10.0%) and group NG (53.3% vs 21.1%). SOFA score and APACHE II score were higher in group SH than those in group DM and group NG while lower levels of human leucocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) expression and CD4+/CD8+ ratio was found in group SH than those in group DM and group NG. No difference in the levels of Th1/Th2 among the three groups was observed. Non-survivors had higher levels of SOFA score, APACHEⅡ score, Th1/Th2 ratio and HLA-DR%. No difference was detected for CD4+/CD8+ ratio, mean glucose values and age. CONCLUSION: Stress hyperglycemia is associated with decreased immune function and an adverse clinical outcome in patients with sepsis.     

13-MTD induces apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by activating MAPK pathway and inhibiting Akt signaling

［ABSTRACT］AIM: To study the effect of 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (13-MTD), a saturated branched-chain fatty acid, on apoptotic induction in breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and normal breast epithelial cells MaEC were treated with solvent or 13-MTD at concentration of 140 mg/L. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of JNK, p38, FADD and Akt after treated with 13-MTD were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: 13-MTD effectively induced apoptosis of breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and no influence to normal breast epithelial cells MaEC, which were confirmed by flow cytometry analysis, was observed. The results of Western blotting showed that obvious increase in p38 and JNK phosphorylation. No significant difference of FADD phosphorylation was observed. However, evidently decrease in Akt phosphorylation was found after treated with 13-MTD. CONCLUSION: 13-MTD was a new safe, effective chemotherapeutic drug. Its underlying mechanisms are through activating MAPK pathway and inhibiting Akt pathway to induce the cancer cells apoptosis.