我国部分地区牛支原体肺炎和关节炎的病原体诊断

重庆等4省市从外省引进的肉牛群发生以严重肺炎和关节炎为主要表现的疾病。该病的病变主要集中于肺脏,其组织学变化主要是间质增生,纤维素渗出,干酪样坏死,淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞浸润。PCR检测病牛肺脏显示牛支原体阳性,而丝状支原体丝状亚种、牛分支杆菌和多杀性巴氏杆菌为阴性。从肺等组织中分离到牛支原体以及大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌和烟曲霉,没有分离到巴氏杆菌。结果显示本病是以牛支原体感染为主引起的牛支原体肺炎和关节炎,长途运输等应激因素是该病突发的重要诱因,其他细菌和/或真菌继发感染加重了病情。     

Bioinformatics Analysis of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) of Sheep

The assay was aimed to explore the biological characteristics of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) of sheep,NCBI,DNAMAN DNAStar,TMHMM Server v.2.0,PsortⅡ,SignalP various bioinformatical softwares were used to speculate the physical and chemical properties,hydrophobic property,phosphorylation site,conservative structure domain,protein secondary structure of BMP4 protein.Also,the three-dimensional structure was forecasted with the SWISS-MODEL Workspace software.The results indicated that the BMP4 of sheep had high homologies with the BMP4 of various species.The encoded protein was a hydrophilic protein which was unstable.There was no transmembrane regions and it was likely to be located in the nucleus.What was more,there was signal peptide and eighteen phosphorylation sites.Through the forecast of functional domains,the protein had two functional domains,including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily and TGF-beta propeptide superfamily.The result was consistent with the function of BMP4 gene family,it also demonstrated that BMP4 was a growth factor and it had the function of signal transduction.The amino acid homology between the predicted 3D structure of protein and template 3bmp.1.A was 88.29%.The bioinformatics analysis of BMP4 gene could provide reference for the further study in practice.     

Identification and Molecular Characteristics Analysis of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Variants

To ascertain a diarrhea case in a pig farm in Shandong province,the pathological changes of dead piglets were observed and nested RT-PCR test was carried out on 7 diarrhea samples for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).Pathological examination revealed that intestine was detected as enlargement,hyperemia and edema.After histological examination,the typical microscopic lesions of intestine were disappearance of epithelial cells,villus shrinkage and shortening.The result of nested RT-PCR showed that all of the 7 samples could amplify a specific target band of PEDV.Molecular characteristics of two field strains showed that they had an amino acid homology of 92.3% to 92.4% with vaccine CV777 and 96.6% to 98.6% with other previous field strains which sequences were downloaded from GenBank.Phylogenetic tree analysis further revealed that all of PEDV strains could be mainly divided into two clusters of G1 and G2. G2 consisted of the field strains of our study and other field strains from USA,China and so on,which had the same sequence characteristics of two insertions and one deletion,while G1 consisted of all vaccines of CV777 and several older field strains from China and Korea.These results indicated that our field strains were the dominant strains in recent epidemic diarrhea occurrence.Moreover,its molecular characteristics might be a characterization of differentiating the field and vaccine strains.     

乌苏里貉呼吸系统综合征病原分离鉴定及治疗试验

从以呼吸高度困难、剧烈咳嗽为主要临床特征的濒死期乌苏里貉实质脏器中分离到７株革兰氏阳性大杆菌,分离率为１００％。经培养、生长特性及生理生化试验确定均为产气荚膜梭菌。将各菌株的３７℃８h厌气肉肝汤培养液给小鼠尾静脉注射,小鼠于１２h内１００％死亡。用产气荚膜梭菌定型血清与各菌株的毒素做中和试验,结果证实７菌株均属血清Ａ型。电镜负染未证实有病毒感染。药敏试验筛选出氧氟沙星、乳酸诺氟沙星、新霉素为高敏药物     

饲料添加剂L-赖氨酸硫酸盐中L-赖氨酸含量近红外速测方法研究

为了探讨利用近红外漫反射光谱技术(NIDRS)快速定量分析饲料添加剂L-赖氨酸硫酸盐中L-赖氨酸含量的可行性,本试验在全国范围内收集了具有代表性的L-赖氨酸硫酸盐添加剂76个,采用国家标准方法对样品中的L-赖氨酸含量进行化学赋值;用光栅型近红外光谱仪扫描L-赖氨酸硫酸盐样品,获取了不同物理状态下样品的近红外光谱图。依据L-赖氨酸含量将样品分为定标集和验证集,运用适当的光谱预处理方法,采用竞争性自适应重加权(CARS)算法结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了L-赖氨酸硫酸盐的近红外定标分析模型,并将该模型与全波长模型进行了比较。结果表明:用烘干、60目粉碎后的样品结合CARS算法建立的定标模型最优,定标集校正决定系数(R2C)为0.954,校正集标准偏差(SEC)为0.510,交互验证标准偏差(SECV)为0.659;验证集预测决定系数(R2P)为0.952,预测标准偏差(SEP)为0.554,相对分析误差(RPD)值为3.83。由此可见,NIDRS定量分析L-赖氨酸硫酸盐具有一定可行性,对于丰富我国氨基酸盐及其他氨基酸制品的快速检测方法具有实际的应用意义。     

草地生态系统碳循环研究进展

随着全球气候变化和陆地生态系统碳循环研究的发展,碳循环正成为草地生态系统研究的热点.本文在介绍其研究发展过程、主体内容和方向的同时,对目前的研究动态和研究方法进行系统的概述,重点分析了目前国内外草地生态系统碳循环过程研究、机制研究、研究方法及模型的发展动态,并对今后草地生态系统碳循环和相关研究提出了建议.     

青海牦牛肉食用品质及安全性的分析研究

对年龄2周岁左右的12头青海牦牛肉的食用品质及安全性指标进行了系统研究。结果表明：牦牛肉食用品质较好，肉质安全，无污染。具有肌红蛋白含量高、亲水率高、多汁性好，香味浓郁，肉质细嫩，口感适宜等特性。肉中肌红蛋白含量极显著高于黄牛（P＜0．01），肉中重金属元素和有毒有害物质限量均符合GB18406．3和NY5044的要求，是生产优质牛肉制品的原料，也是一种具有较高生物学价值的安全的肉食品，具有很大的开发价值。     

日粮中复合添加剂水平与猪肉中胆固醇水平关系的研究

近年来有许多研究表明,胆固醇与人类的心血管疾病有着直接的关系。人体内的胆固醇75%来源于自身合成,25%来自于动物性食品(肉、乳、蛋)。猪肉作为人们餐桌上常见的动物性食品,是人们外源性胆固醇的一个重要来源,因此如何降低猪肉中胆固     

紫花苜蓿品种根部特性与持久性和生物量的关系

植物的根部特性与其持久性和生产性能关系密切,但以往关于紫花苜蓿不同品种的相关研究报道较少。本试验通过对10个紫花苜蓿品种第10年的根部特性、生物量、持久性进行研究发现:不同品种紫花苜蓿根部特性差异显著(P＜0.05),其中,新疆大叶和公农1号根茎和主根粗壮,侧根数多;Super 7、Jindera、Eureka根茎和主根细小,侧根数少;L33、美国大叶、SD-006、甘农1号、Ranbule根部特性各指标居中。紫花苜蓿的根部形态指标与持久性和地上生物量显著相关,主根尤其是根茎越健壮侧根数越多,持久性越好;主根和根茎越粗壮,地上生物量越高。综合评价认为,新疆大叶和公农1号根部各形态指标均优于其他品种,地上生物量和持久性好,可以选择为适宜的紫花苜蓿品种在甘肃河西地区推广种植。     

使用超净工作台实施子宫摘除术净化ICR小鼠的研究

为了建立SPF级远交系ICR小鼠种群。使用超净工作台实施子宫摘除术净化小鼠,结果:使用上述方法成功剖腹孕鼠20只,得到净化小鼠140只,育成小鼠120只,检测各项指标符合SPF级标准。结论:在普通环境中使用超净工作台实施子宫摘除术净化ICR小鼠,是建立SPF级种群唯一经济有效的方法。