Phenotypic characterization and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Pasteurella multocida isolated from Korean pigs

Pasteurella multocida causes various respiratory disease symptoms in pigs, including atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia. In the present study, 69 strains of P. multocida were isolated from 443 pigs with respiratory clinical symptoms at 182 farms located throughout South Korea from 2009 to 2010. A multiplex capsular PCR typing assay revealed that 69 strains of P. multocida isolated in this study had the biosynthetic locus of the capsules of either serogroup A (47 strains, 68.1%) or serogroup D (22 strains, 31.9%). The 22 strains positive for serogroup D-specific primers were divided into four clusters and the 47 strains positive for serogroup A-specific primers were divided into 12 clusters according to the results of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. P. multocida strains in the present study were susceptible to most of the antimicrobial agents used. An analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene pattern combined with RAPD indicated that a certain P. multocida strain appeared to be genetically identical, implying the persistence of the strain within a single farm.     

Impact of Buckwheat Flavonoids on In Vitro Starch Digestibility and Noodle‐Making Properties

The effects of various buckwheat materials (buckwheat flour [BF], dietary fiber extract [DE], flavonoids extract [FE], and rutin‐enhanced flavonoids extract [REFE]) on starch digestibility and noodle‐making properties were evaluated. When FE and REFE were incorporated into noodles, the amount of rapidly digestible starch and the predicted glycemic index (pGI) were reduced. However, BF and DE did not significantly decrease the pGI value of noodles. When assessing noodle properties, hardness was increased with increasing content of buckwheat materials, whereas other texture parameters were not significantly affected by buckwheat addition. All noodles were similar in regard to water absorption and swelling index, but cooking loss was slightly increased in FE and REFE noodles. FE and REFE demonstrated higher flavonoid stability during noodle making and, additionally, were more effective at reducing starch digestibility than BF and DE. REFE, specifically, does not generate quercetin (the cause of a bitter taste), and, therefore, REFE was effective in suppressing the hydrolysis of starch in the noodles, lowering the pGI.     

双螺杆二次挤压法制备方便米饭的工艺研究

该文采用可旋转中心组合设计,综合考查机筒温度、物料湿度和螺杆转速三个变量对挤压方便米饭复水率的影响,推导出描述复水率的二次回归模型,并对变量进行响应面分析,得出最佳工艺条件为:机筒温度为120℃、物料湿度为33%,螺杆转速为200 r/min.在该条件下制得的方便米饭复水3 min后,复水率达285%,硬度和弹性值都达到原料籼米米饭的水平.     

Improvement of water-stability of clay aggregates admixed with aqueous polymer soil stabilizers

Aqueous soil stabilizers improve soil properties. Water-stability of soil aggregates was determined using two different soil stabilizers: S-type and E-type. Various concentrations of the two soil stabilizers were tested in soil aggregates that were bigger than 5 mm but smaller than 10 mm. Testing the aggregates using the static water-measure method showed that the water-stability index, K, increased with the concentrations of soil stabilizers. S-type soil stabilizer in concentrations ranging between 20% and 40% resulted in K-values between 64.0% and 83.8%, and E-type polymer emulsions in concentrations between 3% and 7% resulted in K-values between 90.1% and 99.7% respectively. The soil aggregates admixed with water resulted in a K-value of 11.5%, which was tested as a control. Two aggregate collapse models were found and discussed based on the collapse characteristics of the modified aggregates: S-type soil stabilizer in low concentrations follows a gradual collapse pattern, while S-type stabilizer in high concentrations and E-type stabilizer in low concentrations follow an explosive collapse pattern. These patterns depend on the formation of a membrane structure on the surface of the aggregates through physicochemical bonding. By identifying the mechanisms of the membrane structure and calculating the K-values, significant information on the improvement of soil properties can be determined.     

马尾松速生丰产林营建技术的研究

根据立地、遗传、密度3大因素控制的原则，营建马尾松速生丰产林，着重采取了选用良好的造林地、优良种源、合理整地、适当密植与培育容器苗造林5项主要技术措施，并在造林后3～4年内进行及时合理的幼林抚育。从幼龄林生长量测试结果表明：与国家速生丰产林专业标准相比较，1～5年生高生长量超标达31．8％～60．0％4～5年生胸径生长量超标达21．1％～24．0％，5年生材积生长量超标达368．0％，达到了预期的速丰林幼林期的培养目标。     

链齿式残膜回收机膜土分离装置的设计及试验研究

膜土分离装置作为机构工作过程中的重要环节,在残膜回收的过程中膜土分离装置是不可缺少的,其主要完成土和膜的分离并对回收的残膜进行输送。为此,研究设计一种膜土分离装置并介绍了其设计要求与基本结构,通过试验研究确定了该装置的各个重要参数,通过正交试验确定参数的不同组合对膜土分离装置性能的影响。试验结果表明:当膜土分离装置的转速为540r/min、膜土分离装置的角度为35°、抛送速度为1.5m/s时,该装置的膜土分离率最佳。该膜土分离装置结构设计简单,制作加工方便,工作稳定性良好。     

新疆棉花秸秆利用现状及发展对策

新疆是我国最大的棉花产区,种植面积和产量均居全国首位。棉花秸秆作为棉花主要的副产物,是一种重要的农业可再生资源,如何合理高效利用是目前亟待解决的问题。本文概述了新疆棉花秸秆的资源现状、利用方式和存在的问题,并提出了发展方向和对策,旨在为提高棉花秸秆的利用率、增加棉花种植户收益、推动棉花秸秆多元化综合利用提供参考,同时为促进新疆棉花产业提质增效和可持续发展提供新思路。     

植物生长调节剂对虎眼万年青'Chesapeake Snowflake'开花的影响

对从鳞茎生长的虎眼万年青'ChesapeakeSnowflake'植株,施加10,50μL2%的Fascina-tionTm,植株提早开花12d;而施加100,200μL2%的FascinationTM,植株提早开花9~10d;施加200mg/L的Pro-Gibb^?,植株提早开花12d,而施加25,50和100mg/L的Pro-Gibb^?,植株提早开花6~7d.从小鳞茎生长的虎眼万年青'ChesapeakeSnowflake'植株,施加10,50μL2%的FascinationTM,植株提早开花14d,而施加100,200μL2%的FascinationTM,植株提早开花10~11d;施加200mg/L的Pro-Gibb^?,植株提早开花14d,而施加25,50mg/L的Pro-Gibb^?,植株提早开花8~9d.两种植物生长调节剂对花茎的长度没有明显的影响。     

New dammarane-type saponins from the galls of Sapindus mukorossi

Five new dammarane-type saponins, 3beta,7beta,20(S),22-tetrahydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3beta,7beta,20(S),22,23-pentahydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3beta,7beta,20(S),22,25-pentahydroxydammar-23-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 25-methoxy-3beta,7beta,20(S),22-tetrahydroxydammar-23-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 25-methoxy-3beta,7beta,20(R)-trihydroxydammar-23-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, named sapinmusaponins A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), and E (5), respectively, together with three known phenylpropanoid glycosides (6-8), were isolated from the galls of Sapindus mukorossi. The structures of these saponins were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Preliminary bioassay data revealed that saponins 1 and 3-5 showed moderate cytotoxic activity (ED50 approximately 9-18 microg/mL) against human tumor cell lines (Hepa59T/VGH, NCI, HeLa, and Med) and that 1-5 were inactive in vitro against HIV replication in H9 lymphocytes.     

Cartap hydrolysis relative to its action at the insect nicotinic channel

The insecticide cartap is the bis(thiocarbamate) derivative of 2-(dimethylamino)propane-1,3-dithiol, which on oxidation forms the natural toxicant nereistoxin (NTX) [4-(dimethylamino)-1,2-dithiolane]. Both cartap and NTX are ion channel blockers of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Cartap was originally proposed to act only after metabolic conversion to NTX and later suggested to block directly without activation. The present study uses a new approach to differentiate these hypotheses, that is, pH effects on channel-blocking activity and hydrolysis rates. As controls, mecamylamine (the classic channel blocker) and NTX are stable and similar in channel-blocking potency ([(3)H]thienylcyclohexylpiperidine binding assay, honeybee nAChR) at pH 6.1-8.4. In contrast, cartap is >200-fold more effective at pH 7.4 than at pH 6.1, indicating that it undergoes hydrolytic activation. Cartap slowly hydrolyzes to cartap monothiol at pH 6.1 but quickly forms the dithiol and some NTX at pH 7.4. The relationship between potency and hydrolysis products at various pH ranges suggests that cartap dithiol is the most plausible blocking agent.