Fatty acid profiles and sensory and carcass traits of tissues from steers and swine fed an elevated monounsaturated fat diet

Twelve Angus X Hereford steers were assigned to either a control high-energy diet or a test diet consisting of 20% rapeseed at the expense of 20% corn. Twelve pigs were allotted to a control diet and two test diets containing either 10 or 20% canola oil (CO). Both CO and oil in the rapeseed contained 60 to 64% oleic acid. Cattle fed rapeseed exhibited little effect from the diet due to apparent indigestibility of the rapeseed. Total saturated fatty acids decreased from 40% in adipose tissue of the control pigs to 15% in the 20% CO-fed pigs. The ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids (M/S) increased from 1.19 in adipose tissue from control pigs to 3.63 with the addition of 20% CO to the diet. In muscle, the M/S ratio increased from 1.21 in control pigs to 2.46 in the 20% CO treatment group. The percentage of the saturated fatty acids in muscle decreased from 42% in the control to 23% in the 20% CO treatment. Significant increases in "oiliness" and decreases in fat firmness were observed when increasing levels of canola oil were fed. Sensory traits, cooking loss and shear-force values of pork chops were similar among treatment groups. In conclusion, monounsaturated fatty acid content can be elevated substantially in pork without adversely influencing the quality of the meat, thus producing a product perceived to be more healthful by the consumer.     

小麦品种慢叶锈抗病性的研究

1982—1984年在温室和田间对3个慢叶锈品种:中引305、中引515、中引709,2个快叶锈品种:无沙八号、纳罗的研究表明,小麦慢叶锈抗病品种具有8个抗病特性:(1)田间发病迟、普遍率增长缓慢,严重率低且发展速度慢;(2)潜伏期较长;(3)侵染频率较低;(4)夏孢子堆较小;(5)菌丝和夏孢子堆面积扩展速度慢;(6)产孢能力较弱;(7)对叶锈菌生理小种特异性不明显;(8)对产量影响不显著。慢叶锈抗病性随植株生长而增强,应用病害发展曲线下面积(AUDPC)的A值比侵染速率r值和冈珀茨方程的k值能更好地表达小麦品种的慢叶锈抗病性。利用温室测定苗期潜伏期、侵染频率和田间发病盛期旗叶的严重率指数可以作为小麦慢叶锈抗病品种的选育指标。