油脂在提高公猪生产力和生育力上的潜在作用

精子及其相关精浆中所含的脂肪成分在组成和脂肪酸成分上是非常独特的。长链多不饱和脂肪酸 (即具有 2 0或 2 2个碳原子并含三个以上双键的脂肪酸 )在绝大多数主要组织所含脂肪中的含量非常有限 ,但在精子和精浆中的含量相当高 ,并具有明显的种属特异性。油脂的这种特性现在日益被认为是使受精最终成功所特别需要的。本综述根据最近一的些研究结果撰写而成 ,从精液质量和功能的一系列决定因子的角度论述了使现代种公猪精子中脂肪 /脂肪酸参数最佳化的可能性 ,可见人们对一系列参数所作的一系列重要研究 ,产生了使公猪和母猪的繁殖能力都得到提高的高度有益结果。文章还从主要的营养学特性和化学特性方面对研究结果进行了讨论 ,并与其它家畜进行了比较 ,还讨论了其对猪繁育部门可能的商业应用价值。     

一种新的赖氨酸源

猪、禽日粮的传统赖氨酸添加源是盐酸Ｌ 赖氨酸。但是 ,如今有了另一种赖氨酸源 ,这种新赖氨酸源在经济上可比传统的盐酸Ｌ 赖氨酸更为合算。这种新赖氨酸源是一种干燥的颗粒状产品 ,其中含硫酸Ｌ 赖氨酸和发酵副产品 ,由谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Ｃｏｒｙｎｅｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｇｌｕｔａｍｉｃｕｍ)发酵产生 ,产地为美国内布拉斯加州。其商品成品提供 60 %盐酸Ｌ 赖氨酸的赖氨酸替代值。此外 ,其发酵副产品还含有盐酸Ｌ 赖氨酸中不含的其它氨基酸、磷和能量 (表 1 )。美国已用猪和肉鸡对其进行了硫酸Ｌ 赖氨酸和盐酸Ｌ 赖氨酸的比较试验。最近在美…     

RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF CANINE DYSAUTONOMIA IN TWENTY-FOUR DOGS

Canine dysautonomia is an idiopathic condition resulting in loss of autonomic nervous system function. Recently, the prevalence of dogs diagnosed with dysautonomia in the mid-western United States has increased. In this study the medical records and radiographic findings in 24 dogs with dysautonomia were reviewed. A diagnosis of dysautonomia was made in 17 (71%) of the dogs in this study by postmortem examination, the remaining 7 (29%) dogs were diagnosed pharmacologically. The radiographic findings supportive of dysautonomia include aspiration pneumonia, megaesophagus, or a distended stomach, small bowel, or urinary bladder. In some instances, the disease radiographically mimicked other disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, including mechanical obstruction.     

Sugar beet mash silage as a component of a total-mixed-ration for dairy cows--effects on parameters of digestion and animal performance.

Sugar beet mash silage (BMS) was offered in amounts up to 35% of DM to dairy cows as a component of a total-mixed-ration (TMR). Barley and molasses in the control ration were replaced by BMS half in ration BMS 1/2 and in total in ration BMS 1/1 on the basis of the calculated contents of net energy for lactation. Two trials were carried out. In trial I each ration was tested on parameters of rumen fermentation and digestibility of crude nutrients using 4 Holstein cows with rumen fistula. Chewing activity was tested on 2 Holstein cows for each ration. With the BMS rations the ruminal NH3 concentration was lower and the drop in pH was less than in the control ration. The pattern of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid from the BMS groups tended towards more propionic and butyric acid. The feeding of BMS showed no negative impact on chewing and rumination. Energy digestibility raised significantly from 59.8% in the control ration to 72.6% in the BMS 1/1 ration. In trial II the same rations were fed in a change-overdesign to a herd of 24 Holstein cows to test feed intake and animal performance. The results showed no significant effects of BMS rations on DM intake and milk production. The results of both trials indicate that even high amounts of cereals can be replaced by BMS without negative effects on rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk composition with slight drop in fat content. For a better handling of BMS, it is of advantage to include it in a TMR.     

Use of an antineoepitope antibody for identification of type-II collagen degradation in equine articular cartilage.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an antibody that specifically recognizes collagenase-cleaved type-II collagen in equine articular cartilage. SAMPLE POPULATION: Cartilage specimens from horses euthanatized for problems unrelated to the musculoskeletal system. PROCEDURE: A peptide was synthesized representing the carboxy- (C-) terminus (neoepitope) of the equine type-II collagen fragment created by mammalian collagenases. This peptide was used to produce a polyclonal antibody, characterized by western analysis for reactivity to native and collagenase-cleaved equine collagens. The antibody was evaluated as an antineoepitope antibody by ELISA, using peptides +/- an amino acid at the C-terminus of the immunizing peptide. Collagen cleavage was assayed from equine articular cartilage cultured with interleukin-1 (IL-1), +/- a synthetic MMP inhibitor, BAY 12-9566. Cartilage specimens from osteoarthritic and nonarthritic joints were compared for antibody staining. RESULTS: An antibody, 234CEQ, recognized only collagenase-generated 3/4-length fragments of equine type-II collagen. This was a true antineoepitope antibody, as altering the C-terminus of the immunizing peptide significantly decreased competition for binding in an inhibition ELISA. The IL-1-induced release of type-II collagen fragments from articular cartilage was prevented with the MMP inhibitor. Cartilage from an osteoarthritic joint of a horse had increased staining with the 234CEQ antibody, compared with normal articular cartilage. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We generated an antineoepitope antibody recognizing collagenase-cleaved type-II collagen of horses. This antibody detects increases in type-II collagen cleavage in diseased equine articular cartilage. The 234CEQ antibody has the potential to aid in the early diagnosis of arthritis and to monitor treatment responses.     

Laboratory-based surveillance of salmonellosis of humans in Germany--safety of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis live vaccines]

The Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, in Germany has been licensed different live vaccines of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis for use in the veterinary medicine since I the 90s. The Robert Koch Institute has established a lab-based surveillance system for these live vaccine strains for an evaluation of recent public health safety. Since 2000 all strains of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis from humans were investigated in respect to their phage types and other vaccine markers. 3676 S. Typhimurium strains and 4489 S. Enteritidis strains mainly from Salmonellose patients were investigated after phage typing according to their auxotrophic or antibiotic resistance markers. The live vaccine strains of Zoosaloral, TAD Salmonella vacT or TAD Salmonella vacE and Salmovac SE could not be found from infections in humans.     

Discrimination between individual humans by domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus).

1. We demonstrate that Barred-Rock and Isa-Brown hens can discriminate between the presence of 2 different humans and use this information as a cue for whether or not to make an operant response. 2. This demonstration in domestic fowl, the first of its kind in any avian subject, is consistent with a growing body of evidence that many species, including agricultural animals, are surprisingly adept at differentiating between humans. 3. Such a discriminative ability carries considerable implications for issues related to husbandry, production and welfare.     

Immunohistochemical Detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae in Formalin‐Fixed,Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues from Naturally and Experimentally Infected Goats

Samples from the mammary tissue of 14 lactating goats (12 naturally infected and two experimentally infected) were examined for the presence of Mycoplasma agalactiae. A monoclonal antibody (5G12) was applied to formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐wax‐embedded sections and labelled by the avidin–biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Histological examination of tissue sections revealed strong immunoreactivity in all animals included in the study. Mycoplasma agalactiae antigen was mainly detected in the cellular debris at the periphery of purulent exudates present within lactiferous sinuses, and lactiferous and interlobular ducts. In addition, M. agalactiae organisms appeared in the cytoplasm of the epithelium of ducts, and in infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils within the ducts, alveoli, interstitial tissue and regional lymph node sinuses. It is concluded that this monoclonal antibody‐based immunohistochemical technique is an efficient and specific method for the post‐mortem detection of M. agalactiae in cases of clinical mastitis as well as being a useful tool for the study of the route of infection and cellular types involved during mastitis caused by this organism.     

关于饲料的胆碱含量

关于饲料中胆碱含量化学分析值的资料很多。饲料中的胆碱含量因饲料种类、出产国别、出产年份等的不同而不同。问题还不止于此，据发现，测定饲料中胆碱含量时所用的技术也不能给出充分可靠的结果，因而需要一种新技术。