湿地松林分间伐对材种结构的影响研究

根据间伐8年后的湿地松林分生长和主伐造材调查结果，建立了胸径和断面积等与林分保留密度及本底断面积的回归关系，分析比较了不同间伐强度对林木径阶分布和造材材种结构的影响效果。研究结果表明，间伐后林分保留密度对林木胸径和断面积生长以及材种结构等均产生显著影响；尾径20cm及以上规格的材种出材率随间伐强度增大而增大，而14cm及以下规格的材种出材率则随间伐强度的增大而减小。不同伐对照总的出材量虽比间伐的大，但增加的部分主要为较小规格的材种。     

Gill Reaction to Pollutants from the Tamiš River in Three Freshwater Fish Species,Esox lucius L. 1758, Sander lucioperca (L. 1758) and Silurus glanis L. 1758: A Comparative Study

The study evaluated the effects of waterborne pollutants from the Tami? River on gill histology and possible differences in gill reaction patterns between three freshwater fish species, pike Esox lucius L. 1758, pike‐perch Sander lucioperca (L. 1758) and wels catfish Silurus glanis L. 1758 from the Tami? River. Gills from analysed fish species showed moderate to intense histopathological alterations. The most frequent progressive alteration was hyperplasia of epithelium, whereas the most frequent regressive alteration was epithelial lifting. Circulatory disturbances were most often manifested in the form of hyperaemia. During comparative analysis, differences in gill indices, reaction and alteration indices, as well as in gill and filament prevalence between analysed species, were observed. Although all analysed fish species did show both progressive and regressive alterations, there was a significant difference in the level of expression of these reaction patterns. Gill index obtained for pike clearly stands out as the lowest. Wels catfish showed the highest progressive reaction index, significantly higher in comparison with the other two species (P < 0.05), while pike‐perch showed the highest regressive reaction index, also significantly higher in comparison with the other species (P < 0.001). These results may implicate species‐specific gill reactions and thus present a useful tool for better understanding toxic mechanisms of various pollutants.     

Effect of dietary Schizochytrium microalga oil and fish oil on plasma cholesterol level in rats

The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that the dietary oils with different content of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affect plasma lipid level in rats in a different degree. The diets with 6% of fish oil (FO) and Schizochytrium microalga oil (SchO; EPA+DHA content in the diets 9.5 + 12.3 and 2.6 + 29.5% of the sum of total fatty acids, respectively) were used; the diet with 6% of safflower oil (high content of n‐6 PUFA linoleic acid, 65.5%; EPA+DHA content 0.7 + 0.9%) was used as a control. The difference between FO and SchO was established only in the case of plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) level: plasma TAG of the FO‐fed rats did not differ from the control rats (p > 0.05), while SchO decreased (p < 0.05) plasma TAG to 46% of the control. On the other hand, FO and SchO decreased (p < 0.05) total plasma cholesterol (TC) in rats in the same extent, to 73% of the control. Regarding the underlying mechanisms for the TC decrease, both SchO and FO up‐regulated hepatic Insig‐1 gene (181 and 133% of the control; p < 0.05), which tended (p = 0.15 and p = 0.19 respectively) to decrease the amount of hepatic nSREBP‐2 protein (61 and 66% of the control). However, neither SchO nor FO influenced hepatic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase gene expression (p > 0.05); SchO (but not FO) increased (p < 0.05) low‐density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in the liver. It was concluded that the decrease of total plasma cholesterol might be caused by an increased cholesterol uptake from plasma into the cells (in the case of SchO), but also by other (in the present study not tested) mechanisms.     

岳麓书院植物文化初探

从植物种类、"书院八景"、书院建筑、书院楹联等方面调查分析了岳麓书院的植物文化,认为岳麓书院的植物景观通过本土植物展示了书院景观的地域特色,并表达了浓厚的书院文化氛围、体现了湖湘文化的价值追求。     

Chigger mites (Acari: Trombiculidae) from wild birds in Costa Rica, with a description of three new species

Three new species of chigger mites, Eutrombicula costaricensis sp. n., Eutrombicula passerinoruni sp. n., and Eutrombicula hectochaeta sp. n. are described from wild birds from Costa Rica. Two species, Eutrombicula pacae (Floch et Fauran, 1957) and Parasecia findata (Brennan, 1969), are recorded for the first time in Costa Rica and on new host species. Data on the distribution of Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch et Fauran, 1956) in Costa Rica are also reported.     

宁夏引黄灌区玉豆间作和带状轮作模式对玉米水氮利用及产量的影响

探索间作及带状轮作模式对玉米水氮利用及产量的影响,提出适合宁夏灌区的种植模式。试验于2019—2020年,在宁夏王团旱作节水高效农业试验站开展,设置玉米/大豆间作(IMS)、玉米-大豆带状轮作(RMS)、单作玉米(MM)、单作大豆(SS)4种种植模式。结果表明,与单作玉米相比,带状轮作处理使玉米拔节期至成熟期干物质积累量增加9.58%～11.45%,且与间作相比,干物质积累量增加4.29%～7.53%。带状轮作种植模式下玉米对氮素的积累量、转运量及籽粒贡献率比间作提高2.19%、30.44%和19.86%。带状轮作和间作处理土壤含水量比单作分别提高5.64%和3.98%,且主要分布于0～140 cm土层,带状轮作处理玉米水分利用效率较单作增加38.00%,且比间作增加15.61%。与单作玉米相比,间作处理提高玉米产量11.3%,降低大豆产量51.39%;玉豆带状轮作处理弱化了种间竞争力,使玉米产量提高21.98%,大豆产量下降22.91%。因此,带状轮作种植模式在水分利用效率、干物质积累、氮素转运及产量方面优势明显,可作为宁夏引黄灌区的一种有效替代种植模式。     

油用亚麻主要品质和农艺性状的变异分析

为深入了解油用亚麻主要品质和农艺性状的遗传变异,以253份油用亚麻种质为研究对象,在3个环境下（内蒙古呼和浩特市、集宁市和锡林郭勒盟太仆寺旗）对其全生育天数、株高、工艺长度、单株果数、每果粒数、单株粒重、千粒重和分枝数8个农艺性状及棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、粗脂肪含量6个品质性状进行鉴定。结果表明,8个农艺性状的变异系数为5.66%~42.65%;6个品质性状的变异系数为4.10%~30.14%。全生育天数在太仆寺旗表现最长,为112.51 d;千粒重和单株粒重在集宁地区表现最大,分别为5.94和0.55 g;果粒数和单株果数在呼和浩特地区表现最多,分别为5.65和16.90;粗脂肪和亚麻酸含量在太仆寺旗地区表现最大,分别为39.53%和53.45%;亚油酸和棕榈酸含量在集宁地区最大,分别为16.41%和5.09%;油酸和硬脂酸含量在呼和浩特地区表现最大,分别为24.03%和8.31%。聚类分析表明,253份油用亚麻种质被划分为4个类群,相同地理来源的油用亚麻种质被聚到1个类群,为油用亚麻种质资源的收集保存与繁殖提供了科学依据。     

微喷带抗堵塞性能影响因素试验研究

为探究泥沙浓度与进口压力对微喷带堵塞的影响,采用含沙水短周期连续灌溉的试验方法,将粒径小于1 mm的泥沙,配置成3种泥沙浓度的浑水,分别在4种进口压力下,观测微喷带单循环孔组流量变化,结合孔组相对流量分析微喷带堵塞规律.结果表明:在本次试验的泥沙粒径条件下,相同进口压力下,微喷带孔组堵塞程度并不完全随浑水含沙量增大而增大;同一泥沙浓度时,进口压力低于额定工作压力时易造成喷孔堵塞.泥沙浓度与进口压力均对微喷带抗堵塞性能影响显著,利用含有泥沙粒径与级配与本次试验相似的含沙水灌溉时,应尽量避免泥沙浓度为1.0 g/L,并使用较高的首部压力或在灌溉结束时用高于工作压力(不高于爆破压力)的首部压力冲洗微喷带.     

Evidence for genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in selected intermediate hosts in Serbia

To contribute to the insight into the worldwide population structure of Toxoplasma gondii, we genetically characterized a total of eight strains isolated from intermediate hosts including humans, sheep and pigeons in Serbia. Although parasite DNA was detected in 28.2% (60/213) of the human samples from 162 patients serologically suspected of active toxoplasmosis, as well as in 5/7 seropositive pigeons and in 2/12 seropositive sheep examined, multilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping, using SAG1, 5′SAG2, 3′SAG2, GRA6, 5′GRA7 and 3′GRA7 as markers, was successful in only four human isolates (of which one was isolated from both the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples of a single patient), one sheep and three pigeons. Of the eight isolates, five were type II (62.5%), one was type III, one was atypical, and one had a type I allele at GRA6 as the single locus genotyped. Although type II, as elsewhere in Europe, predominated, these results may suggest a higher genetic diversity of T. gondii in Serbia, reflecting local environmental contamination and also the geographical position of the country in South-East Europe.