日本落叶松种子园结实母株种实性状对氮磷钾配比施肥的响应

为提高日本落叶松种子园肥料利用率,有效改善种实性状,提高种子产量和品质;在甘肃省沙坝落叶松/云杉国家良种基地,以30年左右正常开花结实的日本落叶松嫁接无性系分株为研究对象,采用随机试验设计,设置了N₁P₁K₁、N₁P₂K₁、N₁P₁K₂施肥配比水平,以不施肥（N₀P₀K₀）作为对照,研究N、P、K不同配比水平施肥对种实性状的影响。数据采用SPSS 16.0进行方差分析和多重比较,结果表明：N、P、K不同配比水平施肥对日本落叶松结实母株种实性状的影响具有显著差异（P<0.05）,不同配比施肥均能促进球果和种子性状的有效改善,N₁P₂K₁、N₁P₁K₁、N₁P₁K₂配比水平施肥千粒质量分别比对照提高了38.1%、32.1%和30.0%;尤其以N₁P₂K₁的效果最为显著,球果鲜质量和单个球果平均生产种子质量是对照（N₀P₀K₀）的2.08倍和2.26倍,也是N₁P₁K₂施肥配比水平的1.53倍,高出N₁P₁K₁施肥配比水平的9.4%和30.0%。30年左右日本落叶松种子园能有效改善种实性状,提高种子产量和品质的N、P、K施肥配比水平为N₁P₂K₁。     

河南省光山县土地整理中的问题与对策

以河南省光山县为具体案例,对我国土地整理过程中存在的问题进行分析,并提出有效解决对策。     

住宅建筑热泵的热源选择

指出了住宅建筑的暖通空调能耗占建筑能耗的比重大，较燃煤取暖而言，热泵技术的节能效果显著。从原理特点、适用性、限制条件、土建和设备建设难度和周期、后期管理维护等方面分析了空气、地表（下）水、土壤、太阳能和污水等热泵热源，探讨了住宅建筑热泵热源选择的总的原则。     

植物文化性及其在园林景观中表达的研究

随着人类文明的不断进步,人类社会的不断发展,文化的地位越发显得举足轻重。形成了许多独特的文化体系。如茶文化、企业文化等等名词渐渐为人们所熟悉。于是,越来越多的人在越来越多的领域开始关注文化,研究文化。文化也变得流行起来,并且渗透到了园林景观的领域。植物是园林景观的重要组成部分,植物配置的水平在一定程度上决定了园林景观设计的优劣程度。在景观建设不断发展的今天,植物的文化性作为考察植物配置水平的重要因素,越来越引起景观工作者的重视。在不同的园林景观环境中,合理的利用植物文化性能够体现整体环境的文化氛围。让人们在自然环境中品味文化,达到提升审美情趣,感悟世界观、人生观和了解人文历史的目的。目前,对于植物文化性的概念还没有统一的定义。本篇论文目的在于对植物文化性的概念进行定义,并且在此基础上,创新性的提出植物文化性的分类和评价依据。最后,引入在不同地域环境中,植物文化性的实例分析,对植物文化性展开讨论。旨在使读者系统的了解植物的文化性,弘扬民族文化,使园林工作者在植物配植造景中更好的运用植物的文化性。     

Effect of ammonia and nitrite on vigour,survival rate,moulting rate of the blue swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Portunus pelagicus</Emphasis> zoea

The effects of ammonia and nitrite on vigour, survival rate, moulting rate of zoea of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were studied. A total of five nitrite-N treatments (26.67, 53.34, 106.68, 213.36, 426.72 mg/l) and a control (no nitrite-N added) were set up for the acute nitrite-N toxicity experiment; a total of five ammonia-N treatments (8.43, 16.86, 33.72, 67.44, 134.88 mg/l) and a control (no ammonia-N added) were set up for the acute ammonia-N toxicity experiment. The results showed that the vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 53.34 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of nitrite-N were 179.47, 76.56, 66.70, 37.49, 25.01, 25.35, 25.34 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 16.86 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of ammonia-N were 51.04, 39.62, 38.72, 24.43, 16.90, 13.42, 11.16 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The zoeae are highly sensitive to ammonia and nitrite, and the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite on Portunus pelagicus decrease with development of this crab.     

动静磨盘式薏苡脱壳试验台设计与试验

薏苡脱壳多采用主粮加工业的一些通用设备,专业加工技术装备缺乏,存在物料品种适应性差、一次脱净率低、破损率高、作业效率低等诸多问题。为找出薏苡脱壳的脱壳方法,针对其物料特性和脱壳要求,分析对比主要的脱壳方法,设计一种动静磨盘式薏苡脱壳机构并进行试验,为薏苡脱壳装置的优化设计提供依据。     

Crop milk protein is synthesised following activation of the IRS1/Akt/TOR signalling pathway in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia)

1. The experiment was conducted to study whether insulin receptor substance 1 (IRS1) / Protein kinase B (Akt)/target of the rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway activation stimulates crop milk protein synthesis in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia).

2. Crop milk was collected from ten 1-d-old squabs and analysed for nutrient content. During the non-breeding period and the first day of lactation, blood samples were collected from 5 pairs of breeding pigeons and the levels of prolactin and insulin were determined.

3. Crop samples were collected from 5 pairs of breeders at d 14 and 16 of the incubation period and d 1, 3 and 7 of the lactation period. Crop samples were evaluated for changes in crop weight and thickness and changes in the expression patterns of IRS1/Akt/TOR signalling pathway–related proteins.

4. The results demonstrated that prolactin induces a gradual increase in the relative weight and thickness of the crop, with crops reaching a maximum size at the third day of lactation.

5. Pigeon crop milk contains 64.1% crude protein and 29.7% crude fat based on dry weight.

6. Serum prolactin and insulin levels in the lactation period were significantly higher than those in the non-breeding period. Compared with non-breeding pigeons, the expression of the phosphorylated IRS1 phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated TOR, phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase, phosphorylated S6, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E were significantly up-regulated in the crop of pigeons in the lactation period.

7. In conclusion, prolactin might induce changes in crop tissue and form the physiological structure for crop milk synthesis. Furthermore, the synthesis of crop milk protein is regulated by activation of the IRS1/Akt/TOR signalling pathway.

     

质地多方面分析三个桃品种果实采后质地的变化

以鲜食桃品种"脆保"、"艳保"和"大久保"为试材,采用质构仪质地多方面分析测试法(TPA),研究3个品种果实采后不同贮藏时间的质地变化。结果表明:在室温和低温2种贮藏温度下,3个品种桃果实的硬度随着贮藏时间的延长逐渐下降,而粘附性、弹性、咀嚼性都随贮藏时间延长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,表现为"脆保""艳保""大久保";内聚性变化相对比较平缓。相关性分析表明,桃果实咀嚼性与粘附性呈极显著正相关,二者与果实硬度间亦表现为极显著正相关(P0.01)。弹性与硬度和咀嚼性之间均呈相反的线性相关关系,果肉内聚性值与其它参数值相关性较差。硬度、粘附性、弹性和咀嚼性可用于评价采后桃果实质地的变化,内聚性则反映了果实质地的细微变化。     

推进鄂伦春自治旗农牧业产业化的思考

本文结合鄂伦春自治旗农牧业的物殊现状分析,指出在推进鄂伦春农牧业产业化过程中存在的主要问题,并有针对性地提出相应的对策和建议.