氨基甲酸酯类农药残留分析方法的研究进展

氨基甲酸酯类农药在农作物保护中广泛使用,因其母体及代谢产物均有很强的生物活性,使得其残留分析引起了人们的普遍关注.笔者从色谱分析、生物检测、免疫分析、生物传感器、化学计量学分析法5个方面综述了目前氨基甲酸酯类农药残留分析方法的研究进展及应用现状.     

苯酚在干污泥上的吸附性能研究

采取实验方法，以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料制取干污泥作为吸附剂，研究了其在不同温度下对苯酚的吸附行为。结果表明，干污泥对苯酚的吸附在30℃温度下吸附速率最快，吸附过程遵循二级吸附动力学模型，并且Lagergren一级速率方程也可以较好地描述干污泥对苯酚的吸附；25℃时，干污泥对苯酚的吸附行为用Langmuir模型描述时相关性最好，其方程式为G=909．091×0．0031Ce／（1＋0．0031Ce），其最大吸附量为909．091mg·g^-1，k=0．0031。     

Disseminated protothecosis diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog

A 5-year-old female spayed Shetland Sheepdog Mix dog was evaluated for a history of recent seizure activity, progressive hind limb ataxia, polyuria, and polydipsia and no history of gastrointestinal signs. Physical examination findings included conscious proprioceptive deficits, ataxia, and anterior uveitis along with a hypermature cataract in the right eye. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis, and computed tomography scan of the brain were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed marked eosinophilic pleocytosis and rare organisms consistent with Prototheca spp within neutrophils and macrophages. On postmortem histologic examination, mononuclear inflammation and numerous intralesional algal organisms, similar to those seen on the cytologic preparation of CSF, were found in the brain, eyes, kidneys, and heart. Abnormalities were not detected on gross and histologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Cultures of CSF and subdural/olfactory bulb, but not intestinal tract, yielded growth of Prototheca spp, and PCR analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed the organism as Prototheca zopfii genotype 2. We have reported a rare case of disseminated protothecosis that was diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog presented with neurologic signs and no overt enteric disease. Protothecosis should be considered as a rare cause of seizures, even in the absence of obvious enteric signs, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic pleocytosis.     

保护性耕作对贫瘠型黑土区土壤理化特性的影响

以贫瘠型黑土区土壤为供试对象,对2种保护性耕作措施（模式1为秋季深松、平播＋秸秆还田;模式2为秋季深松起垄＋根茬还田）下土壤的理化特性进行研究。结果表明：2种保护性措施可以增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤pH,其中秸秆还田措施效果最明显;对土壤不同速效养分含量影响不同;对土壤物理性质的影响主要表现为降低土壤容重和增加土壤田间持水量。不同的保护性耕作措施对于提高土壤肥力、改善土壤物理特性起到重要作用。     

多菌灵降解菌的分离与降解特性研究

从长期施用多菌灵的葡萄园土壤中分离纯化得到一株对多菌灵降解效能高的菌株2-1。试验研究表明,该菌降解多菌灵的最适pH值为4.0~9.0,最适温度为25~30℃。该菌在培养温度30℃,pH7.0,摇床转速200 r/min条件下培养64 h,对多菌灵(200 mg/L)的降解率达100%。     

特早熟杂交棉辽棉42特征特性及栽培技术要点

辽棉42生长优势强、早熟、高产、优质、抗病,本文主要介绍辽棉42的选育过程、特征特性和栽培技术要点     

重庆雪宝山自然保护区生态安全设计

介绍了重庆雪宝山自然保护区的基本情况、保护区自然资源的主要特色及其科学价值，论述了保护区生态安全设计的指导思想和原则，略述了该设计的主要内容。     

植物突变遗传资源分析与鉴定研究进展

综述了植物突变遗传资源的分析与鉴定研究进展,包括形态学标记、细胞学标记、生化标记和DNA分子标记等技术,比较了这些标记技术的特点,并展望了突变遗传资源的分析与鉴定技术的发展趋向。     

The Efficacy of Mechanical Abrasion and Talc Slurry as Methods of Pleurodesis in Normal Dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of mechanical abrasion and talc slurry as methods for pleurodesis in normal dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Ten normal beagle dogs. METHODS: Group I dogs had mechanical abrasion (MA) of the pulmonary and costal pleurae performed in one hemithorax with a dry gauze sponge with a median sternotomy approach. Group II dogs had 100 mL of a 1 g talc slurry (TS) administered into one hemithorax through a tube thoracostomy. Administration of the TS was visualized by using video thoracoscopy. All dogs were evaluated at 2, 10, 20, and 30 days postoperatively by means of thoracic radiography and ultrasonographic thoracic wall measurement. The dogs were euthanatized 30 days postoperatively and a gross necropsy was performed. Hemithoraces were assigned a pleurodesis score (0-4) and an obliteration grade (0-6). Tissues were collected for histopathologic examination of pulmonary pleura, costal pleura, and pleural adhesions. Pulmonary and costal pleurae were graded for the degree of fibrosis (0-4). RESULTS: Obliteration grade and costal pleural fibrosis score were significantly higher for the treated sides in the MA dogs compared with the TS dogs. MA Dogs: Mechanical abrasion dogs had pleurodesis, obliteration, and pleural fibrosis scores that were greater on the treated side than the untreated side, however, the differences were not statistically significant. Only two MA dogs had firm adhesion of the pulmonary pleura to the costal pleura in portions of the cranial and middle lung lobes in the treated hemithorax. Thoracic wall surface area covered with adhesions was 15% and 21% in each of these two dogs. The median pulmonary pleural fibrosis score of all MA dogs for the treated hemithorax was 3 compared to 0 on the untreated side. TS Dogs: There was no statistical difference for pleurodesis scores and obliteration grades between the treated and untreated sides. No dogs showed evidence of pulmonary to costal pleural adhesions. Histopathology showed talc crossover into the untreated side in all five dogs. Median pulmonary fibrosis score of the treated hemithorax was 1 compared with 0 on the untreated side. CONCLUSIONS: Neither method of pleurodesis produced sufficient pleural adhesions to obliterate the pleural space. It is possible that the degree of pulmonary pleural fibrosis present in MA dogs may be sufficient to limit air leakage from pulmonary blebs and bullae resulting in successful treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.     

不同营养添加剂对热应激异育银鲫血液生化指标的影响

为探讨VC、VE和小肽对鱼类抗热应激能力的影响及营养调控作用。本研究选择体重(100±3)g的异育银鲫150尾,随机分成5组,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组。Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加VC制剂100mg/kg、VE制剂100mg/kg、VC制剂100mg/kg VE制剂100mg/kg和1%小肽(替代基础日粮中等量鱼粉)的日粮。常温(25℃)下饲养42d后,将鱼在31℃水中应激24h,随机抽取应激前后3尾鱼血样,测定应激前后血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、乙酰胆碱脂酶(TchE)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性。结果表明:在常温养殖条件下,VE组血清TchE活性显著降低(P<0.05),GOT活性显著升高(P<0.05),其他各组鱼血清3种酶活性与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);热应激后,与常温状态相比,添加VC、VE使得SOD活性降低,GOT、TchE活性升高;VC与VE协同作用引起TchE、GOT活性显著上升(P<0.05),SOD活性没有变化;添加小肽能使TchE活性显著升高(P<0.05),SOD、GOT活性不变。与高温对照组相比,VC与VE协同作用组显著提高了SOD、TchE活性(P<0.05);添加小肽可提高SOD活性,降低TchE和GOT活性。由此表明,通过在日粮中补充抗热应激营养添加剂,有助于增强鱼类机体的抗热应激能力;添加小肽以及VC与VE协同作用对缓解异育银鲫热应激损伤具有良好的调控作用。