油菜素内酯与CaCl2复配对复合逆境下黄瓜幼苗的诱抗作用

为了明确油菜素内酯(Brassinolide,BR)与氯化钙(Calcium Chloride,CaCl2)复配对盐胁迫、灰霉病菌侵染复合逆境下黄瓜(Cucumis sativusL.)幼苗的诱抗作用,采用根际注射结合叶面喷洒的方法,测定了复合逆境下黄瓜幼苗的盐害和病害指数、保护酶活性和抗病相关物质含量等生理指标。结果表明:BR与CaCl2复配处理使黄瓜幼苗的盐害和病情指数最高分别比对照降低了91.04%、17.89%;提高了黄瓜叶片中脯氨酸和木质素含量,最高分别比对照增加了24.99%、22.66%;降低了电解质渗出率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,最高分别比对照降低了43.81%、50.52%;增强了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性。综合作用效果,BR与CaCl2复配优于BR或CaCl2单一处理。     

Using the soil gas radon as an indicator for ground contamination by non-aqueous phase-liquids

1 The Problem  One of the major problems facing risk assessment at polluted industrial sites and military bases is subsurface contamination by non-aqueous phase-liquids (NAPLs), since tracing the extent of a NAPL plume using conventional methods (drive point profiling) is usually associated with difficulties. In an effort to trace subsurface contamination as precisely as possible, monitoring points are placed in the area that might be affected by contaminants, and groundwater and soil samples are taken to the laboratory for analysis. However, the final number of monitoring points is hardly ever sufficient for distinctive contamination mapping, and this may ultimately result in an unsuitable remediation action being taken. 2 Objectives  To obtain a more detailed image of a subsurface NAPL plume and, hence, to facilitate remediation measures that are best suited for the site in question, a denser network of monitoring points is desirable. The aim of the investigation described in this paper was therefore to develop a new detection method for subsurface NAPL contamination, which is based on an easily accessibleindicator for NAPLs rather than on the analysis of soil and groundwater samples taken at the site. Based on the good solubility of radon in NAPLs, the idea was put forward that subsurface NAPL contamination should have an influence on the natural radon concentration of the soil gas. Provided this effect is significant, it would be possible to carry out a straightforward radon survey on an appropriate sampling grid covering the suspected site and thus enabling the NAPL contamination to be detected by the localization of anomalous low radon concentrations in the soil. The overall aim of the investigation was to assess the general suitability of the soil-gas radon concentration as an indirect tracer for NAPL contamination in the ground. 3 Methods  The partitioning coefficient K_NAPL/air is one of the most influential parameters governing the decrease of the radon concentration in the soil gas in the presence of a subsurface NAPL contamination. Since NAPL mixtures such as gasoline, diesel fuel and paraffin are among the most important NAPLs regarding remediation activities, laboratory experiments were performed to determine the radon-partitioning coefficient for these three NAPL mixtures. Field experiments were carried out as well. The aim of the field experiments was to test the use of the soil-gas radon concentration as a tracer for NAPL contamination on-site. For the field experiments, each site was covered with a suitable grid of soil gas sampling points. Finally, the lateral radon distribution pattern achieved on each of the sites was compared to the respective findings of the earlier research performed by conventional means. 4 Results and Discussion  The results of the laboratory experiments clearly show a very strong affinity of radon to the NAPL mixtures examined. The partitioning coefficients achieved correspond to those published for pure NAPLs (Clever 1979) and are thus in the expected range. The results of the field experiments showed that the minimum radon concentrations detected match the respective NAPL plumes traced previously. 5 Conclusions  Both the results of the lab experiments and the on-site findings demonstrate that the soil-gas radon concentration can be used as an indicator for subsurface NAPL contamination. The investigation showed that NAPL-contaminated soil volumes give rise to anomalous low soil-gas radon concentrations in the close vicinity of the contamination. The reason for this decrease in the soil-gas radon concentration is the good solubility of radon in NAPLs, which enables the NAPLs to accumulate and ‘trap’ part of the radon available in the soil pores. 6 Recommendations and Outlook  Further research is required into contamination with rather volatile NAPLs such as BTEX. Further research is also needed to examine whether it is possible to not only localize a NAPL plume, but also to obtain some quantitative information about the subsurface NAPL contamination. The authors also believe that additional investigations should be carried out to study the ability of the method to not just localize a NAPL contamination, but also to monitor on-site, clean-up measures.     

中药调控MAPK信号通路在疾病治疗中的研究进展

目的分离丽江猪丝裂原活化蛋白激酶10 (mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK10) 基因序列,并分析其组织mRNA和蛋白表达情况。方法采用PCR技术扩增丽江猪MAPK10基因,并利用生物信息学软件对获得的序列进行分析,实时荧光定量PCR检测丽江猪脑、肝脏、心脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰脏、背脂和背最长肌等9种组织中MAPK10基因的相对表达量;以大白猪为对照,实时荧光定量PCR 和Western-blotting检测丽江猪与大白猪背脂中mRNA和蛋白表达差异。结果MAPK10基因序列总长1281 bp,编码426个氨基酸;MAPK10蛋白属亲水蛋白,无跨膜结构和信号肽,有44个磷酸化位点和2个糖基化位点;二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主;丽江猪MAPK10基因序列与人、牛、山羊、绵羊、鼠、狗、猴和鸡的同源性分别为95.3%、93.5%、93.2%、93.0%、92.6%、91.2%、90.5%和85.6%;MAPK10基因在丽江猪9个组织中差异表达,以脑中最高;丽江猪背脂MAPK10基因的mRNA表达量极显著低于大白猪 (P<0.01),蛋白表达量也有低于大白猪的趋势 (P>0.05)。结论MAPK10基因可作为研究丽江猪脂肪沉积性状的候选基因,结果可为研究猪脂肪沉积提供参考。     

基因组学和蛋白组学在纳米药物毒理研究中的应用

近年来,纳米材料药物因其独特的生物学特性而被广泛应用于医疗领域,但其安全性问题已成为广大学者所关注的焦点。基因组学和蛋白组学的快速发展,为研究纳米药物对机体的毒性作用机理提供了相关的技术支持。本文介绍了基因组学和蛋白组学的概念及其核心技术、纳米药物毒性,并对基因组学和蛋白组学在纳米药物毒性研究中的应用进行了综述。     

高粱苗期耐盐性转录组分析和基因挖掘

【目的】探究高粱耐盐胁迫响应机制,挖掘高粱耐盐胁迫基因,为高粱耐盐育种提供理论基础。【方法】 以高粱感盐品种L甜和耐盐品种石红137为供试材料,采用水培试验。待高粱植株长至三叶一心期,使用2%NaCl溶液对幼苗进行盐胁迫,分别设置0（对照）、1和24 h处理,每个处理3次重复。测定不同处理样品株高、根长、干物重、Na ⁺含量和叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）,并依托Illumina HiSeq 2000平台进行转录组测序分析。利用FPKM方法计算基因表达量,在差异表达基因检测过程中,将差异表达倍数（fold change）≥2且FDR<0.001作为筛选标准。通过Gene Ontology和KEGG Pathway数据库对参与高粱不同时间盐胁迫差异表达基因进行分析注释。 【结果】 盐胁迫处理对高粱株高、根长、干物重等性状无显著影响,对钠离子含量和SPAD值影响显著。石红137株高、根长、钠离子含量和SPAD值均高于L甜。转录组测序结果鉴定得到已知基因26 628个,新基因866个。石红137中的差异基因数目高于L甜。石红137中,0 h VS 1 h、0 h VS 24 h、1 h VS 24 h三组的差异基因数目分别为375、4 206和3 750个。感盐品种L甜中,0 h VS 1 h、0 h VS 24 h、1 h VS 24 h三组的差异基因数目分别为167、2 534和1 612个。GO分析共获得25个功能注释,分别为光合作用、细胞物质代谢、翻译过程以及激素合成等与盐胁迫相关的差异表达基因。KEGG分析发现盐胁迫1 h表达差异基因富集在植物激素信号转导途径,涉及脱落酸（abscisic acid,ABA）、生长素（auxin,AUX）、细胞分裂素（cytokinin,CTK）、赤霉素（gibberellins,GS）、乙烯（ethylene,ETH）过程等共71个基因。盐胁迫24 h表达差异基因富集于光合作用相关途径,涉及Lhca、Lhcb、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PPC）、磷酸核酮糖激酶（phosphorylribonucleic kinase,PRK）等20个基因。类黄酮生物合成代谢途径差异可能是引起石红137和L甜的耐盐能力差异的原因之一,花青素还原酶（anthocyanidin reductase,ANR）和黄酮醇合成酶（flavonol synthase,FLS）参与类黄酮生物合成途径。【结论】 高粱的盐胁迫过程是一个复杂的生物过程,依赖于多个基因在复杂网络中的平衡表达。盐胁迫条件下,高粱应对环境刺激受到激素信号转导和光合作用的控制。类黄酮生物合成途径在耐盐品种中起到了重要作用。     

亚麻酸对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟与早期胚胎体外发育的影响

收集屠宰场水牛卵巢卵母细胞,在卵子体外成熟和受精后胚胎体外发育过程中分别添加0(对照组),10,50,100和200μmol·L-1的亚麻酸,探究亚麻酸对水牛卵母细胞核成熟率、受精卵的分裂率和植入前胚胎体外发育的影响。结果显示:在水牛卵母细胞体外成熟液中添加亚麻酸,添加浓度50μmol·L-1组的核成熟率(74.18%)显著高于对照组和其他实验组(P0.05),囊胚率(33.24%)显著高于对照组和10μmol·L-1亚麻酸组(P0.05)。在胚胎培养液中添加50μmol·L-1亚麻酸组的囊胚率(34.52%)显著高于对照组和100μmol·L-1亚麻酸组(P0.05);同时在成熟液和胚胎培养液中添加亚麻酸,添加浓度200μmol·L-1组的分裂率显著高于对照组(P0.05),而各组间的囊胚率和D7囊胚比率均差异不显著。结果表明,单独在水牛卵母细胞体外成熟液和胚胎培养液中添加50μmol·L-1亚麻酸能有效促进水牛卵母细胞体外成熟和囊胚发育。     

高效液相色谱法检测水产品中的孔雀石绿

采用高效液相色谱法检测水产品中的农药残留孔雀石绿。样品中的孔雀石绿经乙腈与乙酸铵提取,浓缩后固相萃取柱净化、硼氢化钾还原、反向色谱柱分离,再使用荧光检测器检测。应用该方法孔雀石绿的加标回收率在75.1%～95.1%之间,相对标准偏差3.7%～7.1%,检出限均为0.5μg/kg。结果表明:该方法检测孔雀石绿处理简单快捷,灵敏度高,可用于大量样品的快速分析。     

Theory to describe incomplete ion exchange in charged heterogeneous systems

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Incomplete ion exchange state in charged heterogeneous systems has been observed for a long time, but no general theory to describe this seemingly ordinary yet...     

外源GA3和ABA对杂交水稻种子萌发的影响

以杂交水稻亲本V20B为材料，研究了外源GA3和ABA对杂交水稻种子萌发的影响．结果表明，外源GA3质量浓度为50～110mg／L时能明显促进种子萌发，而ABA质量浓度为70～110mg／L时则明显抑制种子萌发．生理生化检测表明，GA3和ABA对种子萌发过程中α-淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和植物激素含量变化都有不同程度的影响。     

甘蔗花粉活力和柱头可授性日变化研究

为探明造成甘蔗花穗杂交结实率低的原因,以多花粉ROC22、科五和自交不育系粤糖92-1287、桂糖96-211为试材,对其散粉量、花粉活力及柱头可授性日变化进行研究。结果表明,甘蔗开花散粉集中在7:30~8:30,随时间推移花粉活力逐渐降低,13:00后完全丧失活性;在0℃干燥条件下,适于花粉短期贮存;柱头全天都具有可授性,高温会影响柱头可授性。甘蔗最佳授粉时间为8:00~8:30,此时花粉活性较好,柱头可授性最强,花粉量充足。