Occurrence of Honeysuckle Yellow Vein Virus (HYVV) containing a monopartite DNA-A genome in Korea

Two newly emerged begomoviruses were isolated from naturally infected tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants grown in greenhouses at Jeju Island and Dangjin in Korea and their genomes were characterized. These viruses-infected plants had very small leaves that curled upward, yellow margins and a leathery appearance, and a bushy and stunted appearance with short internodes. Nucleotide (nt) sequence analysis of their genomes showed that they have a DNA-A component of a monopartite begomovirus. Their genomes comprised 2763 and 2764 nucleotides with six open reading frames. The results of nt sequence similarity analysis of DNA-A genome between the two Korean isolates and isolates of Tobacco leaf curl Japan virus (TbLCJV), Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV), Honeysuckle yellow vein mosaic virus (HYVMV), and Eupatorium yellow vein virus in Japan (EpYVV) showed that they are likely similar to HYVV-[Masuda] (89.4–92.8% nt identity). Consequently, we tentatively propose the two isolates’ names as HYVV-Jeju and -DJ according to the ICTV geminivirus rules. Phylogenetic relationship analysis of 33 DNA-A genome sequences using PAUP* 4.0b10 and MrBayes revealed that HYVV-Jeju and -DJ belong to the Far East Asian begomovirus species complex. Within the Far East Asian begomovirus species complex, HYVV-Jeju and -DJ are distantly related to EpYVV, HYVMV, and TbLCJV groups. Based on the presence of a recombination fragment spanning the C3 ORF, a recombinant origin was suggested for both HYVV-Jeju and –DJ, with parents close to Japanese isolates HYVMV-[SP1:00] and Eupatorium yellow vein virus (EpYVV)-[Suya]. In addition, the presence of a further recombination fragment spanning the IR suggested the parents of HYVV-DJ were close to HYVV-Jeju and EpYVV-[Suya].     

化学农药亚致死剂量对天敌昆虫的影响

天敌昆虫在害虫的自然控制方面起着重要作用,而化学农药在防治靶标害虫的同时,也不同程度地影响了天敌昆虫的生存,并对其中部分个体存在亚致死效应.本文通过整理国内外相关研究资料,介绍了亚致死剂量化学农药对天敌昆虫行为、生理、生物学等方面的影响,论证了该研究的现实意义.     

景电二期工程上水前后土地利用变化及生境评价

干旱荒漠区引水工程上水后,将原先的大片固定沙地和旱耕地转变为水浇地,并形成了新的绿洲。灌溉所涉及的区域由于有了水,生态环境得到巨大的改变,更适宜于人类居住与生存。在新绿洲的外围沙区,其生态环境总体上处于退化状态,自然因子是它变化的决定性因素。     

水城县严重侵蚀地段不同治理模式的水土保持功能研究

对贵州西部水城县严重侵蚀地段3种治理模式及对照的水土保持功能进行了研究。结果表明:3种治理模式的水土保持功能大小顺序为模式Ⅲ>模式Ⅱ>模式Ⅰ,其土壤容重分别比对照减少了37.6％,21％和26.6％;土壤饱和持水量比对照增加了82％,43.5％,61.7％;土壤通气度是对照的2.26,1.44,1.16倍。抗侵蚀能力是对照的3.16,2.67,2.06倍。模式Ⅲ渗透性最强,其初渗速度和稳渗速度分别是对照的1.87和2.10倍,是模式Ⅱ的1.05和1.34倍,是模式Ⅰ的1.45和1.62倍。模式Ⅲ的枯落物层持水能力最强,为11.07 t/hm~2,分别是模式Ⅱ的1.26倍、模式Ⅰ的1.98倍。     

Study on Water-Soluble Organic Reducing Substances: II. Organic Reducing Substances Produced from Anaerobic Decomposition of Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.)

The characteristics of electric charge and molecular weight distribution,oxidation-reduction regimes,e.g.Eh and amounts of organic reducing substances produced by milk vetch during anaerobic decomposition process,were studied by using electrochemical methods.Interaction between soils and organic reducing substances was also observed.The results indicate that the organic reducing substances were mainly the organic compounds with negative and amphoteric charges,which were distributed in two groups at anodic peak potentials of 0.25 and 0.69 volt in differential pulse voltammograms,respectively.Their apparent molecular weights are all less than 700 daltons,in which those active in oxidation-reducion reaction were distributed in the fraction with apparent molecular weight less than 200 daltons.The organic reduction substances can be oxidized by manganese oxides in their interaction with soils.     

中国农牧与风水蚀交错区的空间格局与生态恢复

运用遥感与 GIS为技术支撑 ,以专家知识为依据 ,从而定量计算出中国的农牧与风水蚀交错区。在此基础上 ,阐述二者在空间上的分布特征。风水蚀交错区主要分布于我国大兴安岭 -阴山 ,秦岭 -祁连山一线分布的区域 ,农牧交错区主要分布于辽宁与内蒙古接壤处 ,山西北部 ,陕西北部 ,到甘肃东部 ,秦岭以北 ,六盘山以东的地区 ,二者在空间格局上的不重合 ,使得我国 ,特别是北方地区存在两个生态脆弱区 ,这样对环境产生不利影响。进而从生态重建的角度提出治理对策。     

青菜的原生质体培养

从青菜的下胚轴和根原生质体培养获得大量的愈伤组织并形成根。比较了影响青菜下胚轴和根原生质体分离的因素。培养基、培养方式、激素、椰子水、芸苔素等对培养效果有不同程度的影响。探讨了与青菜原生质体培养褐化有关的一些因素。进行了多种分化试验     

县域土地利用协调发展度评价——以河北省曲周县为例

土地利用协调发展度评价对指导区域土地资源利用具有重要意义。以河北省曲周县为例,从土地利用的社会经济发展水平和生态环境质量两个方面建立土地利用协调发展度评价指标体系,并构建评价模型,对曲周县域的土地利用协调发展度进行综合评价。研究结果表明,曲周县土地利用属于中级协调发展类经济滞后型,土地利用的社会经济水平与生态环境质量状况间处于高度协调状态,但土地利用的综合效益水平低下,与生态环境效益相比,其社会经济效益略显滞后。在此基础上,运用经济学中的库兹尼茨曲线进行区域土地利用模式的选择,表明曲周县土地利用应选择跨越式发展模式,即沿着库兹尼茨曲线中的NSFYPW轨迹曲线发展。     

武都冬播地膜马铃薯生产的气象条件分析

通过对武都县2 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 3年冬播地膜马铃薯的试验资料进行统计计算,分析研究了冬播地膜马铃薯生长发育、产量品质及提前上市与气象条件的关系,提出了适宜播种期及高产稳产的对策和措施     

科尔沁沙地半固定沙丘不同坡位土壤C,N特征

[目的]研究沙丘不同坡位土壤碳氮的分布特征,旨在探索沙丘不同坡位植被演替机制。[方法]选取高于5m的半固定沙丘,沿主要风向于坡底、坡中、坡顶和背风坡设置样点,对土壤容重、土壤总有机碳含量和土壤总氮含量进行测定,并计算碳氮比、碳氮密度和碳氮储量。[结果](1)不同坡位土壤碳含量均随深度增加显著降低,主要变异层发生在0—40cm层。不同坡位土壤碳含量在30—40cm层和60—100cm层存在差异。(2)氮含量与容重在不同坡位和不同深度均不存在显著差异性,碳氮比在坡底和坡顶存在显著的垂直差异性,背风坡60—100cm层土壤碳氮比显著高于其它坡位。(3)各坡位土壤碳密度随深度增加显著下降。30—40cm层土壤碳密度存在显著的坡位差异,而土壤氮密度的垂直差异和坡位间差异均不显著。(4)半固定沙丘土壤碳氮储量分别为716.89和94.14kg/m2,不同坡位差异性不显著;碳储量的构成在4种坡位差异较大,而各坡位不同深度土壤氮储量对总储量的贡献差异较小。[结论]科尔沁沙地半固定沙丘土壤碳氮含量与密度不同坡位的差异较小,同时各坡位的碳氮均存在显著的垂直差异性,尤其在30—40cm层,变异程度较大,这可能与该层植物根系分布有关。