Genetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus-New Jersey from the 1995 outbreak in the western United States

OBJECTIVE: To compare molecular associations between the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-New Jersey isolates of the 1995 outbreak with those from previous outbreaks between 1982 and 1985 in the western United States. SAMPLE POPULATION: 23 virus isolates considered representative of the 1995 outbreak of vesicular stomatitis. PROCEDURE: Viral gene coding for surface-envelope protein G was evaluated by use of nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Changes in up to 0.77% of the nucleotide bases and 1.35% of the amino acids were detected among the 1995 viral isolates, whereas changes in up to 3.2 and 2.9% of the nucleotides and amino acids, respectively, were found, compared with the 1982 to 1985 viruses. Insertions or deletions were not found in the entire gene, which spanned 1,554 nucleotide bases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 1995 VSV-New Jersey belongs to a lineage distinct from that of the 1982 to 1985 viruses that caused previous outbreaks in the western United States. Furthermore, it also is distinct from strains from Central America and from the Georgian Hazelhurst strain.     

Polysaccharide storage myopathy in Morgan, Arabian, and Standardbred related horses and Welsh-cross ponies

Polysaccharide storage myopathy is an equine neuromuscular disorder characterized by accumulation of glycogen-related polysaccharide inclusions within skeletal muscle fibers. The pathologic criteria for diagnosis of this disorder are somewhat controversial; however, periodic acid-Schiff-positive, amylase-resistant inclusions are considered pathognomonic. Although these inclusions are most often found in affected horses related to the Quarter Horse, draft horse, and Warmblood breeds, this report describes these characteristic inclusions in muscle of five horses from nonrelated breeds (two Morgans, one Arabian, one Arabian x Thoroughbred, and one Standardbred) and two Welsh cross ponies. Affected horses had histories of recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis, and one developed progressive weakness leading to increased recumbency. The affected ponies were part of an unrelated research project and had no apparent clinical signs.     

6种牧草产量对有机肥SustainGro的响应

随着我国有机畜牧业的兴起,有机饲草的生产也迫在眉睫。本试验试图探讨有机肥对牧草产量的影响,结果表明有机肥SG不但能提高牧草产量,而且还能增加收益,随施肥量从450～900kg/hm2的增加牧草产量也不断增加,与对照相比施有机肥后苜蓿收益可增加216～710元/公顷。     

有机铬对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

试验选用91周龄新罗曼商品蛋鸡480只,按2×2双因子试验设计随机分为5组,对照组饲喂不添加铬的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,4个试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加了以吡啶羧酸铬或酵母铬来源的0.2mg/kg或0.4mg/kg的日粮,试验30d,以研究有机铬对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验结果显示:①有机铬能在一定程度上促进热应激蛋鸡的蛋白质利用,提高热应激蛋鸡的生产性能;②铬水平对血清尿素氮有极显著的影响(P<0.01),添加0.4mg/kg铬组均极显著地低于对照组(P<0.01),说明了补铬能够抑制由高温引起的蛋白质分解过程,从而起到缓解高温应激的作用;③吡啶羧酸铬和酵母铬在作用效果上无显著的差异;从经济效益方面考虑,0.4mg/kg铬水平的酵母铬和吡啶羧酸铬经济效益较高。     

MC4R基因主效位点在中外猪种中的遗传多样性及其与生长肥育性状的关联性分析

采用PCR-TaqI-RFLP技术,检测了9个中国地方猪种、3个外来猪种和1个培育猪种的612个个体及白色杜洛克×二花脸资源家系418头F2个体在MC4R基因D298N主效位点的遗传变异,统计分析了MC4R基因型与日增重、腹脂率及肩、胸、腰、臀部膘厚等生长肥育性状的关联性。结果表明:(1)G等位基因在中国地方猪种、长白和杜洛克中呈高频分布,而大白和南昌白猪具有高频率的A等位基因;(2)GG基因型个体的胸、腰、臀部膘厚较AA基因型和AG基因型个体厚,GG基因型个体的240日龄重、至240日龄平均日增重大于AA基因型个体,GG基因型个体的腹脂率高于AA基因型个体,差异显著。试验结果进一步验证了MC4R基因对猪生长肥育性状的影响效应。     

山羊FSH类似物基因构建及其表达

以HCGβ亚基羧基末端延长肽CTP基因为连接序列，重组山羊FSHα和β亚基基因，获得单链gFSHβ-CTP-α，克隆人表达载体pVITRO，测序后转染CHO细胞。结果表明，成功完成了单链山羊FSH类似物表达载体的构建，并得到稳定表达的CHO细胞株，其表达量为0．120mIU／mL，为进一步研究CTP结构与功能的关系，以及长效FSH制剂的研制奠定了分子基础。     

甘肃天祝高寒地区5种灌木中酚类物质含量的研究

对甘肃天祝金强河高寒地区5种灌木中的酚类物质含量进行了测定和比较分析。结果表明,不同的灌木品种其酚类物质的含量不同。藏沙棘总酚,单宁和缩合单宁的干物质含量均高于其他灌木,分别高达69.67,63.34和42.45 g/kg,而其简单酚的干物质含量最低,仅为4.27 g/kg。窄叶鲜卑木的酚类物质含量较低,与其他灌木相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。相关性分析表明,单宁和简单酚含量呈显著的正相关关系(r=0.94,P<0.01),与缩合单宁的相关系数为r=0.82(P<0.05),而简单酚与缩合单宁含量呈不显著的负相关关系。     

在西南大学开展双语教学的思考

从双语教学概念的界定、模式以及我国双语教学的现状入手，结合西南大学的实际情况，讨论了在西南大学开展双语教学的必要性和可行性，并在此基础上提出了几点建议。     

Effects of chilled drinking water on the performance of lactating sows and their litters during high ambient temperatures under farm conditions

Heat stress has detrimental effects on lactating sows and their litters, including decreased feed intake and milk production in sows and decreased weight gain in their offspring. It also increases respiration rate, rectal temperature, and weaning to estrus interval in sows. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chilled water (CW) on the performance of lactating sows and their litters exposed to high ambient temperatures for 21 days. Ninety multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; parity range: 2 to 5) and their litters (Yorkshire × Landrace × Duroc) were divided into 3 blocks (30 each). Sows and their litters within each block were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups (n = 10 each). Each group was provided with drinking water at 10, 15, or 22 °C (control) under farm conditions where ambient temperature above 25 °C was consistent during the experimental period. Sows on CW (both 10 and 15 °C) consumed more feed and water than did control (P < 0.01) and higher estimated milk production compared with control (P < 0.01), but had lower rectal temperature and respiration rate compared with control (P < 0.01). Mean weaning weight (P < 0.01) and average daily gain (P < 0.01) of litters in CW groups were higher than those in control group. There were no differences in the measured variables, with the exception of the respiration rates, between the two CW treatment groups. These results suggest that CW may improve the performance of sows and their litters exposed to high ambient temperatures and the 15 °C water, from an energy viewpoint, may be more effective.     

国外土地整理实践对我国土地整理的启示

土地整理在我国起步较晚，很多理论还不成熟。采用文献参阅法，从土地整理的发展阶段、内容和特点等方面介绍了德国、俄国和荷兰等国外土地整理的基本情况，并由此得出其对我国土地整理的启示：建立健全土地整理法律政策，重视土地整理的权属调整，拓宽土地整理融资渠道，重视土地整理中的生态环境保护，积极推动土地整理公众参与和高度重视土地整理规划等。