Molecular characterization of tetracycline- and quinolone-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida isolated in Korea

The antibiotic resistance of 16 Aeromonas (A.) salmonicida strains isolated from diseased fish and environmental samples in Korea from 2006 to 2009 were investigated in this study. Tetracycline or quinolone resistance was observed in eight and 16 of the isolates, respectively, based on the measured minimal inhibitory concentrations. Among the tetracycline-resistant strains, seven of the isolates harbored tetA gene and one isolate harbored tetE gene. Additionally, quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) consisting of the gyrA and parC genes were amplified and sequenced. Among the quinolone-resistant A. salmonicida strains, 15 harbored point mutations in the gyrA codon 83 which were responsible for the corresponding amino acid substitutions of Ser⁸³→Arg⁸³ or Ser⁸³→Asn⁸³. We detected no point mutations in other QRDRs, such as gyrA codons 87 and 92, and parC codons 80 and 84. Genetic similarity was assessed via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the results indicated high clonality among the Korean antibiotic-resistant strains of A. salmonicida.     

天然黄色茧蚕品种实验室比较与生产应用试验

经过对新育成的黄色茧品种与生产应用白色茧品种秋丰×白玉的对比试验及丝质鉴定,秋丰×黄,正反交、秋丰×HJ,正反交这两对黄色茧品种具有龄期短、抗病力强、虫蛹率高的优点;黄色茧品种的产茧量与对照种相比差距不显著;两对黄色茧品种的鲜茧出丝率等茧丝质指标略低于对照,解舒丝长达到750m左右,解舒率均在65％以上,净度优良,符合缫丝业对茧质的基本要求。对其中的秋丰×HJ7在农村进行规模化中秋蚕饲养与缫丝应用试验,符合生产应用要求。     

江河源区草地资源现状及其可持续发展

在分析青海省江河源区草地资源现状的基础上，进一步剖析了造成该区域草地生态环境恶化的综合因素，提出了合理利用和保护天然草地，优化草地生产结构，加强基础设施建设，建立饲草料生产基地，遏制草地退化，使草地生态进入良性演替，实现江河源区草地资源可持续利用和草地畜牧业可持续发展的对策。     

Comparison of morphology, viability, and function between blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats

The morphological features of blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats were compared using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry in order to investigate the cytological changes of neutrophils after migration into the mammary gland. The kinetics of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generation and gelatinase release of blood and milk neutrophils, with or without stimulation of phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate ester (PMA), were used to characterize their responses to inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils isolated from goat milk were highly segmented and contained multi-lobed nuclei. Ultrastructurally, milk neutrophils were more ruffled on the surface compared to blood neutrophils. Approximately 30% of milk neutrophils were undergoing cell death, either necrosis or apoptosis, in contrast to 8% of blood neutrophils. The ROI production of activated milk neutrophils peaked earlier than blood neutrophils, but the duration and the intensity were much less. Neutrophils from both sources augmented the release of gelatinase in response to PMA (1 ng/mL). However, the amount of gelatinase released from milk neutrophils was lower (P < 0.05) than that of blood neutrophils. In summary, more neutrophils become apoptotic and necrotic in the mammary gland, presumably due to spontaneous aging, the process of diapedesis, and the interaction with milk components. Milk neutrophils have impaired functionalities in comparison with blood neutrophils. The information is relevant when studying mammary gland immunity and related diseases, such as mastitis.     

MC4R基因主效位点在中外猪种中的遗传多样性及其与生长肥育性状的关联性分析

采用PCR-TaqI-RFLP技术,检测了9个中国地方猪种、3个外来猪种和1个培育猪种的612个个体及白色杜洛克×二花脸资源家系418头F2个体在MC4R基因D298N主效位点的遗传变异,统计分析了MC4R基因型与日增重、腹脂率及肩、胸、腰、臀部膘厚等生长肥育性状的关联性。结果表明:(1)G等位基因在中国地方猪种、长白和杜洛克中呈高频分布,而大白和南昌白猪具有高频率的A等位基因;(2)GG基因型个体的胸、腰、臀部膘厚较AA基因型和AG基因型个体厚,GG基因型个体的240日龄重、至240日龄平均日增重大于AA基因型个体,GG基因型个体的腹脂率高于AA基因型个体,差异显著。试验结果进一步验证了MC4R基因对猪生长肥育性状的影响效应。     

牛场地表土壤中芽孢杆菌的分离与鉴定

以呼和浩特市某牛场地表土壤为研究对象,通过传统的微生物培养方法和基于16S r RNA基因序列的新型分子生物学方法对其中的微生物进行了分析。结果显示在牛场地表土壤中共鉴定出蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)、产芽孢梭菌(Clostridium sporogenes)、纯黄肠球菌(Enterococcus gilvus)和拜氏梭菌(Clostridium beijerinckii)共40株,并通过16S r RNA基因序列的系统发育树研究得到蜡样芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌这三种优势芽孢杆菌之间的亲缘关系。该研究为后续开发应用于无抗饲料添加剂和生物农药的绿色、安全、高效的益生芽孢杆菌微生态制剂提供一定的数据基础。     

陕南山区桑树绿枝扦插育苗新技术

系统总结了陕西蚕桑主产区桑树绿枝扦插育苗新技术,在试验示范的基础上具体提出了塑料大棚立体扦插育和育苗钵扦插育的技术要求,以及苗床管理和大田移栽的关键技术措施。     

纳米氧化锌对AA肉鸡肝脏金属硫蛋白的影响

以AA肉鸡为试验动物,以硫酸锌(含锌40 mg/kg)为对照,分别设置含锌30、40、60 mg/kg的3个纳米氧化锌剂量组,观测纳米氧化锌对鸡肝脏金属硫蛋白(MT)含量的影响.结果发现,与对照相比,含锌40、60 mg/kg的纳米氧化锌组能显著提高肝脏中MT的生成量(P<0.05).     

Enhancing mucosal immunity in mice by recombinant adenovirus expressing major epitopes of porcine circovirus-2 capsid protein delivered with cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides

A recombinant replication-defective adenovirus expressing the major epitopes of porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) capsid protein (rAd/Cap/518) was previously constructed and shown to induce mucosal immunity in mice following intranasal delivery. In the present study, immune responses induced by intranasal immunization with a combination of rAd/Cap/518 and cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) were evaluated in mice. The levels of PCV-2-specific IgG in serum and IgA in saliva, lung, and intestinal fluids were significantly higher in the group immunized with rAd/Cap/518 and CpG ODN than animals immunized with rAd/Cap/518 alone. The frequencies of IL-2-secreting CD4⁺ T cells and IFN-γ-producing CD8⁺ T cells were significantly higher in the combined immunization group than mice immunized with rAd/Cap/518 alone. The frequencies of CD3⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8^-, and CD3⁺CD4^-CD8⁺ T cells in the combined immunization group were similar to that treated with CpG ODN alone, but significantly higher than mice that did not receive CpG ODN. PCV-2 load after challenge in the combined immunization group was significantly lower than that in the phosphate-buffered saline placebo group and approximately 7-fold lower in the group treated with CpG ODN alone. These results indicate that rAd/Cap/518 combined with CpG ODN can enhance systemic and local mucosal immunity in mice, and represent a promising synergetic mucosal vaccine against PCV-2.     

猪瘟和链球菌病混合感染的诊治

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的猪的一种高度接触性、传染性疾病,猪链球菌病是由猪链球菌引起的一种人畜共患传染病。某猪场存栏基础母猪180头,于2005年4月起开始发病,并陆续死亡。根据流行病学调查,临床症状观察,病理剖检和实验室诊断,确诊为猪瘟和猪链球菌混合感染,采取相应的防治措施,于1周后控制了疫情。