杂交稻中优T 16特征特性及高产栽培技术

中优T16系贵州省铜仁地区农业科学研究所用不育系中9 A与恢复系TR 16组配而成的中籼迟熟三系杂交稻新组合,该组合高产、稳产、米质优、抗性较好、综合性状优良、适应性广等特点。2009年通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

杂交粳稻13.5t hm~(-2)超高产群体动态特征及形成机制的探讨

选用杂交粳稻甬优8号,以国家粮食丰产工程兴化、姜堰实施基地1.0hm2连片与6.67hm2连片超高产攻关方为依托,研究了13.5thm-2超高产群体特征,并探讨了群体形成机制。结果表明,较之12.0thm-2左右群体,13.5thm-2群体的穗型大,群体颖花量多(60000×104hm-2以上),有效穗数、结实率和千粒重与之相当;群体茎蘖于生育前期稳步增长,至有效分蘖临界叶龄期达适宜穗数,高峰苗出现在拔节期,数量少,为预期穗数的1.3倍左右,此后群体平缓下降,至抽穗期达适宜穗数,成穗率高(75%);群体叶面积指数前期增长相对较缓慢,最大值出现在孕穗期,为8.5左右,此后下降缓慢,成熟期仍保持在4.0以上;群体光合势生育前期较小,中、后期较大,总光合势为675×104m2dhm-2以上,抽穗至成熟期的光合势占总光合势的45.0%以上;群体拔节前干物质积累速度相对较缓、积累量略低,拔节后积累速度较快,至抽穗期群体生物量为13.5thm-2以上,抽穗后积累量亦高,一般为9.75thm-2以上,总干物重高达23.25thm-2以上。13.5thm-2超高产群体形成机制为,依靠精苗,发大蘖,及时够苗,提高够苗期群体质量(有效分蘖临界叶龄期),为中期高质量群体结构的培育奠定生物学基础;依靠合理的群体动态及其规模,培育适宜数量的壮秆大穗,于抽穗期形成具有强抗倒力和巨量安全库容的高光效群体;依靠平稳消退的光合系统,提高抽穗后群体光合物质生产力,增大群体库容的总充实量,并维持较大的茎鞘强度,增强群体的安全抗倒力。     

水稻抛栽秧苗立苗中的形态与生理变化

起身立苗是抛秧稻特有的一个基本过程,在生产实践中,能否及时起身立苗,无疑是决定抛秧稻成败的关键和应用的前提。以南粳44为试验材料,设置带土直立苗、带土倾斜苗、带土平躺苗、无土平躺苗、无土手栽苗等不同模拟苗姿,较系统地研究立苗期间的形态、生理变化。结果表明,①非直立苗起立期间分蘖节弯曲,秧苗基部下侧具有伸长功能的细胞生长快于上侧细胞,分蘖节下部发生大量新根,扎入土中,成为秧苗直立的支点。②带土倾斜苗、带土平躺苗、无土平躺苗的立苗时间分别是4d、8d和12d。③立苗过程中,带土直立苗和带土倾斜苗的发根优势明显、根系活力强,至第4天根量显著大于带土平躺苗、无土平躺苗和无土手栽苗。④无土秧苗活棵期间植株含水率比立苗初期下降快,后逐渐上升,10d后接近带土秧苗。⑤带土直立苗、带土倾斜苗抛后叶绿素含量高于无土手栽苗,无土平躺苗叶绿素含量低于无土手栽苗,带土平躺苗和无土手栽苗没有多大差异,所有处理秧苗除无土平躺苗外10d后叶绿素含量逐渐恢复正常。⑥栽后2d所有处理秧苗的根系、地上部的可溶性总糖在活棵立苗中被消耗,抛后4d无土秧苗地上部可溶性总糖开始增加,带土直立苗与带土倾斜苗活棵立苗快,栽后糖分消耗多。⑦立苗期间,各种苗姿植株地上、地下部的N、P、K积累量都增加,平均增速以带土秧苗大于无土秧苗,直立苗大于平躺苗。⑧各苗姿秧苗的理论产量、实际产量均是带土直立苗带土倾斜苗无土手栽苗带土平躺苗无土平躺苗。由此说明,带土秧苗比非带土秧苗立苗活棵立苗早,直立苗比非直立苗活棵早。因此,生产上抛秧稻要选择带土秧苗,提高直立苗比例,减少平躺苗比例,提高抛秧稻群体起点质量。     

棉花盐害的控制技术及其机理

棉花是耐盐作物,但土壤耕层中积累过多的盐离子会通过离子毒害、渗透胁迫和引起营养失衡等机制导致盐害。控制棉花盐害的途径主要有两条,一是提高棉花自身的耐盐性,另一方面是躲避或减轻盐胁迫。本文评述了提高棉花耐盐性和躲避或减轻盐胁迫的途径、原理和方法,提出在工程措施改良盐碱地的基础上,综合运用适宜品种、水肥运筹、种子处理及地膜覆盖和诱导根区盐分差异分布等农艺措施是现阶段控制盐碱地棉花盐害的有效途径。     

蓝莓红树莓复合果汁的配方优化及稳定性研究

以蓝莓、红树莓为主要原料,添加白砂糖、柠檬酸等辅料进行复合果汁的配方及稳定性研究。以感官评分为评价指标,根据单因素试验和正交试验结果,得出蓝莓红树莓复合果汁的最优配方为蓝莓汁用量30 g,红树莓汁用量20 g,白砂糖用量10 g。柠檬酸用量0.30 g,加水量100 g。通过筛选,选出适合蓝莓红树莓复合果汁的稳定剂,对选出的稳定剂进行单因素试验和正交试验,确定复配稳定剂的最佳添加量为黄原胶0.02%,羧甲基纤维素钠0.04%,海藻酸钠0.02%。在此配方条件下,研制的复合果汁饮料风味独特、营养丰富、组织状态稳定,并具有保护视力的功效。     

Parametric Analysis of the Static Behavior of Gusset Plate to CHS XX joints

A parametric analysis was carried out to investigate the gusset plate to CHS XX joints with the finite elements method. The effects of web loading proportion, geometric parameters and axial stress in chord on the failure modes and the ultimate strength were employed. It is found that the web loading proportion have different effects on the ultimate strength with different angles between two gussets. And the ultimate strength of joints decreased no matter the axial stress in chord was positive or negative. Based on the regression analysis, a formula was proposed for predicting the ultimate strength of the gusset plate to CHS XX joints.     

Stabilization Properties of Aged refuse in Semi aerobic and Anaerobic Landfills

The stabilization properties of aged refuse in five year old semi aerobic and anaerobic landfills were compared, such as volatile solid (VS), total organic carbon content (TOC), humic matters, and so on. It was found that VS and TOC content in aged refuse were obviously lower than those in fresh refuse after five years disposal. However, the VS and TOC content of aged refuse in semi aerobic landfill were slightly lower than anaerobic ones, whilst the difference was not significant. Surface settlements of semi aerobic landfills were higher than that of anaerobic ones (P<0.05). Moreover, there was negative correlation between VS content and surface settlements. Both leachate and water recycling methods did not lead to significant VS content difference, while leachate recycling would cause obviously uneven surface settlement. Biological degradable materials (BDM) value of aged refuse in semi aerobic landfill and anaerobic one was similar. Furthermore, BDM value increased with the increase of air pipe distance and depth. The greater the air pipe distance is, the bigger the difference of BDM value between the layers is. In addition, total extraction ratios of humic matters and HA/FA in semi aerobic and anaerobic landfill aged refuse had no significant differences.     

Generating and reducing video summary with adaptive CCV and equivalent relation clustering

It is very essential to extract representative frames in the process of generating video summary. A method is proposed which analyses the color features of the video frames, sets the connectivity threshold values automatically according to the contents, extracts the color coherence vectors (CCV) and then performs adaptive clustering based on equivalent relation. After global partition, local partition was revised with time sequential features. The whole process does not need to set any threshold values. The experiments with diverse videos yields effective results.     

Dynamic optimization design of gear transmission system for wind turbine

The differential equation which governs the behavior of the gear transmission system of 1.5 MW wind turbine is established. The external excitation caused by wind speed fluctuation is discussed and the internal excitation due to time varying mesh stiffness and comprehensive error is also analyzed. The calculating formulations of the harmonic balance method of nonlinear dynamic equations are presented. Then, the multi objective dynamic optimization model is developed to minimize the value of vibration acceleration and the overall volume. The optimization of a practical example using mixed discrete combined programming is performed. The result shows that the proposed method of modeling and optimization design can effectively reduce the wind turbines gearbox vibration levels and weight.     

芸香草CdLEA3基因的克隆及原核表达分析

本研究以芸香草为试验材料,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术对芸香草CdLEA3基因进行了分离克隆以及原核分析,并进行了生物信息学分析与原核表达分析.结果显示,芸香草CdLEA3基因的cDNA全长为934 bp,含627 bp的最大开放阅读框,编码208个氨基酸;生物信息学分析表明,CdLEA3基因编码蛋白的分子质量预测为...