气候变化对甘肃省雨养农业区玉米种植区划的影响

以甘肃省雨养农业区55个气象站1971—2015年气温和降水实测资料为基础,根据玉米生长发育对气象条件的需求,运用综合评判法筛选出7月平均气温、≥10℃积温和年降水量作为玉米种植适宜性气候区划指标.采用线性倾向率法、累积距平、ArcGIS空间分析技术及Mann-Kendall法对研究区气候指标的时空变化特征及其突变进行...     

明轮驱动虾塘自主导航投饵船设计与可靠性试验

基于明轮驱动的虾塘投饵船能够适应养殖池塘复杂的环境、满足全塘抛撒的要求,可靠性是其进行推广的关键。采用滚塑工艺设计了全封闭投饵船体,利用免油脂润滑不锈钢链轮和明轮作为驱动机构,以避免对水体的污染,螺旋输送饵料装置可满足船载投饵过程中重心位置稳定的要求,通过GPS+电子罗盘的方式实现了自主导航定位和姿态控制需求。根据虾塘投饵和控制性能要求,进行投饵船直线运动和转弯运动模型的构建,采用PID航向、航速运动控制算法进行巡航路径控制,池塘测试平均速度为0.72m/s,直行和转弯最大偏航量分别为0.8m和0.5m。40d的养殖塘现场试验结果表明,自主导航投饵船在复杂路径下运行平稳,可满足虾塘饵料投喂要求,同时对强风、大雨等恶劣环境进行了可靠性测试,发现并解决了相关问题。     

microRNA-124-3p调控H1N1亚型猪流感病毒致小鼠肺损伤的研究

为研究microRNA-124-3p（miR-124-3p）对H1N1亚型猪流感病毒（swine influenza virus,SIV）感染小鼠所致肺损伤的调控作用,本试验构建miR-124-3p腺病毒表达载体,通过小鼠尾部静脉注射法构建miR-124-3p差异表达小鼠模型,试验分3组：过表达组、抑制组和对照组。48 h后,各组小鼠鼻腔接种H1N1亚型SIV,每只10⁵ EID₅₀（50 μL）。连续观察14 d,计算小鼠平均体重变化率、观察病理切片并测定相关炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA相对表达量。结果显示,已成功将pre-miR序列及其sponge序列插入腺病毒的穿梭质粒,并将其共转染293A细胞。实时荧光定量PCR检测证实,与对照组相比,过表达组和抑制组小鼠黑色素瘤细胞miR-124-3p表达水平分别极显著升高（P<0.01）和显著降低（P<0.05）,表明成功构建腺病毒表达载体。过表达组、抑制组和对照组小鼠体重变化率分别为－5.5%、－12.4%和－8.6%。抑制组和对照组均可见肺泡壁增厚,其间有多量淋巴细胞浸润,部分肺泡内出现纤维蛋白渗出,且抑制组病理变化更为严重,肺泡中还有大量的红细胞浸润;而过表达组仅有少量的淋巴细胞浸润,肺脏组织较正常。与对照组相比,过表达组检测的炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA表达水平均显著降低（P<0.05）;抑制组炎症相关炎症因子mRNA表达水平均显著升高（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明,miR-124-3p对H1N1亚型SIV感染小鼠所致的肺脏炎症因子的表达具有抑制作用,同时能减轻肺脏病理损伤。     

小菊新品种‘东篱小太阳’

小菊新品种‘东篱小太阳’是以‘东篱娇粉’为母本,A42为父本进行杂交,经5年选择培育而成。株形较大,自然成球,自然开花期集中在9月中下旬到10月中下旬,半重瓣,舌状花为鲜亮的红色,可满足北京地区国庆用花的需求。     

Leaf carbohydrates assimilation and metabolism affect seed yield of rapeseed with different waterlogging tolerance under the interactive effects of nitrogen and waterlogging

Waterlogging is a main factor causing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield loss, and reasonable nitrogen (N) applications can compensate for this loss. To investigate the effects of N rates on seed yield of waterlogged rapeseed, the waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed variety ZS 9 and sensitive variety GH01 were waterlogged for 0 and 10 days with five leaves at the seedling stage under four N rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/ha). Waterlogging significantly decreased seed yield, while N application can alleviate the yield loss. The yield decrease rate of waterlogged GH01 was greater than that of ZS 9 under the same N rate. During the seedling and bolting stage, the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity increased, while activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with more N under the same watering conditions. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the leaf Pn and Rubisco activity, starch and sucrose contents of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the two stages; activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the seedling while increased at the bolting stage for both the two varieties. At the flowering stage, the Pn, the activities of Rubisco, AGPase, SuSy, SPS and contents of sucrose, starch increased with more N application for both ZS 9 and GH01. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the Pn and Rubisco activity for waterlogged plants of the two varieties increased; the waterlogged plants of tolerant variety had higher activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS, while those of sensitive variety was significantly lower. However, the decreased starch and sucrose content were found in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. The activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS at flowering were highly positively correlated with yield under the interactive effects of N and waterlogging. These results suggested that the flowering stage is the most important stage that N had the positive regulation on waterlogged rapeseed growth. The carbohydrates translocation from leaves to seeds of the tolerant variety were enhanced after waterlogging, while that of the sensitive variety was still inhibited. This was the main reason for the difference in yield between the two waterlogged varieties.     

融合光电色选的皮带筛式油茶果壳籽分选机设计与试验

针对油茶果批量脱壳后壳籽混杂、人力分选效率低的问题,研究设计了一种融合光电色选的皮带筛式油茶果壳籽分选机。根据油茶果壳、籽与倾斜传送带间摩擦角、碰撞系数的差异,设计振动皮带筛进行初分选;利用两者灰度差异,对壳中残留籽进行二次光电分选。对皮带筛上油茶果壳、籽进行运动学与动力学分析,发现皮带倾角、皮带速度和振动频率是影响振动初分选率的主要因素;以籽箱清洁率、壳中含籽率为试验指标,开展正交旋转组合试验。当皮带倾角为19°、皮带速度为1.50m/s、振动频率为55.40Hz时,其籽箱清洁率为95.52%、壳中含籽率为24.30%,对最优参数进行试验验证,优化结果可靠。对不同茶籽比率的物料进行光电分选试验,结果表明籽箱清洁率稳定在98.23%左右,壳中含籽率保持在2.34%左右,说明光电分选可准确识别并分选出混杂物料中的油茶籽。对整机进行最优参数试验验证,该机两籽箱茶籽平均清洁率可达97.55%,壳箱中含籽率为3.27%。试验结果表明,此油茶果壳籽分选机可实现油茶果壳、籽的高效分离。     

对贫困乡镇农机管理服务的探讨

随着我国社会经济的发展,贫困乡镇农业机械化进程逐年提高,相应地贫困乡镇农机管理服务的地位也就愈加突出,对农机管理服务者的素质要求自然也是越来越高.但是现在贫困乡镇农业机械化生产过程中仍然存在许多问题.     

3D BE Analysis on Stress Intensity Factor of a Fatigue Crack in a Welded T-joint

In this paper, based on multi region boundary element method (BEM), a general procedure to calculate stress intensity factors(SIF) of a 3D mixed mode fatigue surface crack is detailed. A BEM model for a welded T joint is constructed referring to the test specimen. The crack corner points are indirectly estimated to circumvent the treatment of the different crack tip singularity at the corner regions. Numerical results from the welded T joint show that this procedure is reliable.     

花生超高产群体特征与光能利用研究

大田条件下,通过比较花生超高产田(产量≥8．5t／11m^2)和一般高产田(产量≥6．0t／11m^2)群体特征和光能利用率得：叶面积系数峰值持续时间长是超高产花生的一个显著特点;超高产田全生育期光合势明显高于一般高产田;产量形成期光合势占全生育期的80％以上,对产量的形成至关重要;超高产田单位叶面积光截获效率低于一般高产田;超高产田的干物质生产速率全生育期始终高于一般高产田,干物质生产速率峰值高,后期下降速度慢,是超高产群体的显著特征;花生光能利用还有很大的潜力;研究适宜的栽培条件和措施是今后花生再高产主攻方向。     

篦子三尖杉的扦插繁殖研究

对篦子三尖杉不同长度扦插穗条、不同植株部位插穗和插穗的浸泡处理进行对比试验结果表明:不同插穗长度对篦子三尖杉扦插成活率没有影响,不同部位插穗扦插成活率差异大,以上部和中部1级枝成活率最高,其次是上部2级枝,最低是中部3级枝和下部2、3级枝;不同浸泡处理中,篦子三尖杉扦插成活率没有显著差异,但不同处理中,ABT处理会促进多发根;不同枝条长度和不同处理方式对篦子三尖杉插穗发枝量没有显著影响,但不同植株部位插穗发枝量有差异,中上部一级枝发枝量多.