利用荧光观测明确载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂对亚洲玉米螟的防控增效作用

载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂能够显著提高对亚洲玉米螟的防控效果,为了明确其对亚洲玉米螟卵期及幼虫期可持续防控的作用机理,采用松毛虫赤眼蜂吸附绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的球孢白僵菌分生孢子,进行赤眼蜂载菌情况,以及亚洲玉米螟卵和幼虫的寄生、侵染过程观察。结果表明,赤眼蜂羽化后能够吸附柞蚕卵表面粘附的白僵菌分生孢子,并将其携带至亚洲玉米螟卵块表面,并吸附于未被赤眼蜂寄生的亚洲玉米螟卵孵化的幼虫体表,实现侵染并致死,幼虫带菌率达60.00%,网室内杀虫生物测定僵虫率达27.00%。本研究表明,载菌赤眼蜂在提高杀虫效率的同时实现害虫可持续防控,该方法为其他载菌天敌的应用提供了依据。     

松毛虫赤眼蜂携带球孢白僵菌防治亚洲玉米螟技术研究与应用

高效的载菌技术是提高载菌赤眼蜂防治效果的重要基础。本研究对比了不同吸附助剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂羽化时间、羽化量、存活时间及载菌量影响,证明了不同助剂及吸附球孢白僵菌分生孢子后对赤眼蜂无不利影响。试验结果表明,0.1%（w/v）淀粉溶液作为吸附助剂可显著提高赤眼蜂的载菌量,达3.6×10⁴孢子/蜂以上,并应用该助剂建立了赤眼蜂高效携带白僵菌方法。从被害株数、蛀孔数、活虫数和僵虫数4个方面测定了载菌赤眼蜂田间防治玉米螟效果。结果表明,载菌赤眼蜂较单一使用赤眼蜂防治效果显著提高,被害株数、蛀孔数和活虫数均显著降低,分别降低了28.1%、22.8%和24.5%,并且载菌赤眼蜂处理组中僵虫数量显著高于单独使用赤眼蜂处理组,说明载菌赤眼蜂对玉米螟具有协同防控作用。利用该方法进行玉米螟田间防治,能够降低防治成本,提高防治效率,节约劳动力,具有巨大的应用和推广价值。     

引进甘蔗种质资源杂交后代适应性评价

通过对引进甘蔗种质资源24个杂交后代的的10个农艺性状进行主成分分析、回归分析与通径分析,科学评价引种甘蔗种质资源在广西本地的农艺性状表现,探究各农艺性状间的协同制约关系,为甘蔗种质资源的精准评价和杂交育种材料的科学选配提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)主要农艺性状变异系数为6.79%~29.44%,24个甘蔗种质在分蘖和蔗糖产量上有较大的遗传改良潜力。(2)主成分分析将这10个农艺性状凝聚成4个主成分,分别为产量因子、有效茎因子、糖分因子和出苗因子,贡献率分别是35.2%、16.5%、15.3%、12.1%,累计贡献率达到79.1%;(3)通径分析中各性状对糖产量的直接通径系数大小依次为:蔗茎产量(0.927)>蔗糖分(0.399)>单茎重(0.039)。表明:甘蔗品种(系)GUC23-1、GUC15-2、GUC23、GUC34、GUC25在广西的丰产性最优,在甘蔗引种和选育中,考虑将蔗茎产量、蔗糖分、单茎重作为主要选择性状。     

Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein up-regulates endothelin receptors in mouse mesenteric artery through p38 MAPK pathway

AIMTo investigate whether minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) affects the quantity and activity of endothelin （ET） type A (ET_A) and type B (ET_B) receptors in mouse mesenteric artery by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory pathway. METHODSThe KM mice were divided into normal saline (NS) group (injection of NS via caudal vein), mmLDL group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein), LDL group (injection of LDL via caudal vein), mmLDL+SB 203580 group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of p38 MAPK pathway specific inhibitor SB 203580) and mmLDL+DMSO group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of DMSO). Mesenteric artery ring segment vasoconstriction dose-response curves affected by sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and ET-1 were recorded by the myography system. The mRNA levels of ET_B receptor, ET_A receptor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of ET_B receptor, ET_A receptor, IL-6, p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NF-κB and p-NF-κB were determined by Western blot. The serum concentration of IL-6 was measured by ELISA. RESULTSThe contractile responses of the blood vessel segments to S6c and ET-1 were significantly increased by mmLDL (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of ET_A receptor, ET_B receptor, and IL-6 significantly increased (P<0.01). The protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-NF-κB were significantly increased (P<0.01). The serum level of IL-6 was significantly increased (P<0.01). These effects of mmLDL were inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580. CONCLUSION mmLDL increses the serum concentration of IL-6, up-regulates the expression of IL-6, ET_A receptor and ET_B receptor in mouse mesenteric artery, and enhances the vasoconstriction function medi?ated by ET_A and ET_B receptors, which is related to the activation of p38 MAPK inflammatory pathway and downstream NF-κB pathway.     

Role of PERK pathway in morphine-induced myocardial protection of H9c2 cells

AIM: To explore whether morphine protects oxidative stress-damaged myocardial cells by inhibiting the PERK pathway to reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress and prevent mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. METHODS: Rat myocardial H9c2 cells were cultured to establish an oxidative stress model, and then randomly divided into control group, H₂O₂ group, H₂O₂+morphine group, H₂O₂+morphine+PERK pathway inhibitor GSK2656157 group, morphine group and GSK2656157 group. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the effects of morphine on expression of glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78 and GRP94 induced by oxidative stress. The protein levels of PERK signaling pathway-related molecules were determined by Western blot. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the effects of morphine on mPTP opening and endoplasmic reticulum induced by oxidative stress. Cellular toxicity was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS: Compared with control group, GRP78 and GRP94 proteins in H₂O₂ group were strongly expressed, and the brown-yellow particles were significantly increased, but morphine significantly inhibited this process. Compared with control group, the phosphorylation of PERK was significantly reduced with GSK2656157 treatment at different concentrations, among which 2 μmol/L had the most significant effect (P < 0.05). Oxidative stress significantly increased the protein levels of GRP78, GRP94, p-PERK and CHOP, but significantly decreased p-GSK-3β level. These changes were inhibited by morphine, and the effects of morphine were further enhanced by GSK2656157 (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, oxidative stress significantly reduced the fluorescence intensity of mitochondrial TMRE and ER-Tracker Red. Morphine significantly inhibited this effect even when mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced, mPTP was open, and endoplasmic reticulum was damaged, while GSK2656157 further enhanced the effect of morphine (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, H₂O₂ significantly increased cellular toxicity and decreased the cell viability. Morphine inhibited this effect and GSK2656157 significantly enhanced the effect of morphine (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Morphine protects cardiac H9c2 cells under oxidative condition by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress through PERK pathway and preventing the mPTP opening via GSK-3β inactivation.     

朱顶红幼嫩花梗胚性愈伤组织诱导和高效植株再生

为建立高效的朱顶红植株再生和种苗繁育技术体系,以幼嫩花梗为外植体开展胚性愈伤组织诱导和植株再生研究。对2,4-D和噻苯隆（TDZ）浓度、外植体发育时期及大小进行了筛选,结果表明：将切片厚度为1 mm的幼嫩花梗外植体置于添加0.5 mg ? L-1 TDZ 和2.0 mg ? L-1 2,4-D的MS固体培养基上培养8周,胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高,达85.3%。将胚性愈伤组织转移至相同的培养基上,每月继代1次,平均每月增殖10.6倍。在不含任何生长调节剂的MS培养基上,胚性愈伤组织的植株再生率达98.0%,平均每块愈伤组织可再生出12.3个小植株。经过36次（3年）继代培养后,胚性愈伤组织的增殖和植株再生效率没有显著变化。幼苗移栽至温室驯化,成活率达97.5%。再生植株移栽到田间,没有发现明显的表型变异。对随机选择的再生植株和母株进行简单序列重复区间（ISSR）扩增分析,证实再生植株没有发生DNA水平变异。     

柠檬新品种‘黄绣球’

‘黄绣球’是从沃尔卡姆柠檬芽变培育而来的柠檬新品种。树姿呈开张状,春梢刺少且刺长度适中;嫩叶中间绿色,外缘淡红色;部分成熟叶外缘黄色,中间绿色。果实圆形且表面光滑,幼果果面呈黄绿相间带状条纹,转色期绿色部分变为橙色,果面橙黄相间,完全成熟后果面以黄色为主,留红色斑点。具有较高的观赏价值,适合制作盆景。     

白桦新品种‘朝霞2号’

‘朝霞2号’是以白桦为受体获得的转BpGLK1基因干扰表达株系,其叶片中BpGLK1的表达量降低,叶绿素含量减少。主干树皮灰白色,枝条红褐色。叶片纸质,宽卵形,夏季呈黄绿色,秋季呈金黄色,叶尖呈渐尖,叶基心形,叶缘钝齿、无叶裂,上下表面均有绒毛分布,一级侧脉7 ~ 8个。