重庆地区太阳总辐射的气候学计算方法研究

根据重庆市沙坪坝日射站1988-2007年逐日太阳总辐射、日照百分率、低云量和水汽压等资料,采用常规统计方法分析了重庆市地面总辐射的时间变化;由太阳总辐射气候学计算原理,采用线性回归方法建立月总辐射计算公式;通过相关系数检验和回归误差分析,确定了适用于重庆地区太阳总辐射月总量的气候学推算公式;进而根据所得推算公式分别计算了各站点逐月太阳总辐射总量,分析了重庆地区四季和年太阳总辐射的空间分布特征.结果表明:日照百分率的单因子线性拟合整体效果较好,但冬季月份拟合误差较大;采用日照百分率和低云量的双因子拟合,使得冬季月份的拟合误差明显减小,显著提高了整体拟合效果.分析认为,日照百分率是重庆地区地面总辐射的主要影响因子,冬季雾日数和低云量对地面总辐射具有重要影响.重庆太阳总辐射有逐年增大的趋势,与该地区实际日照时数逐年增大而低云量逐年减少等因素有关.四季及全年太阳总辐射的区域分布以重庆地区东北部最高,东南部和西部边缘一带为低值区.     

基于SRK和SCR序列的甘蓝自交不亲和系单倍型分析

采用RT-PCR和其他分子生物学方法,以甘蓝自交不亲和系E1和F1柱头cDNA为模板扩增SRKE1和SRKF1基因,以花药cDNA为模板扩增SCRE1和SCRF1基因.经序列比对首次证明E1和F1材料分别为S28和S7单倍型.经三维结构分析,预测SCRE1上C5-C6和C7-C8之间氨基酸序列决定SCRE1的单倍型特异性,SRKE1上TNNSFYSRLKVS序列决定了SRKE1的单倍型特异性,并对两者相对作用的关键氨基酸位点进行了分析.     

内源性注意和外源性注意条件下线索提示有效性对数字距离效应的影响

采用内源性和外源性注意实验范式,考察了内源性和外源性注意不同注意条件下线索提示有效性对数字加工距离效应的影响,材料为小数(1～4)和大数(6～9)的阿拉伯数字,以判断数字是否比5大为任务,结果发现:①内源性注意条件下,当线索提示有效性为80%时,注意和非注意条件下,大、小数都出现了距离效应;当线索提示有效性为50%时,注意条件下,大、小数都出现了距离效应,但非注意条件下,只有小数出现了距离效应,大数的距离效应明显减弱或消失;②外源性注意条件下,无论线索提示有效性为80%还是50%,注意和非注意条件下,大、小数均出现了距离效应.     

水淹胁迫下枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.)幼苗叶片高光谱特征的研究

测量了3个水淹深度(对照、根部水淹、全淹)条件下枫杨叶片的高光谱反射率、红边参数及对应的叶绿素总含量,对归一化植被指数与叶绿素总含量进行了相关分析.结果表明:①在水淹胁迫下,枫杨叶片的高光谱反射率呈现下降的趋势,且在蓝光波段(400~500 nm)和近红外波段(760~950 nm)表现为极显著差异;②随着水淹程度的加深,枫杨叶片叶绿素含量显著下降(p<0.05);③红边特征的分析显示,随着水淹程度的加深,叶片光谱出现了蓝移的现象,红边斜率呈现下降的趋势;④叶绿素总含量与归一化植被指数(R705/R750)呈正相关,相关系数为0.86(p<0.01).经回归分析,叶绿素总含量与归一化植被指数呈线性关系(R2=0.80,n=42).认为枫杨叶片高光谱特征及归一化植被指数可较好地反映枫杨的叶绿素含量和水淹胁迫的程度.     

黄兰叶片和花瓣挥发性成分及其抑菌效果

采用顶空固相微萃取和气象色谱质谱技术研究了黄兰(Michelia champak L.)叶片和花瓣的挥发性成分;并提取叶、花挥发物精油,测定了不同质量分数的精油对大肠杆菌ATCC6739、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538、枯草芽孢杆菌CMCC63501生长的影响。结果表明,黄兰叶片与花瓣的挥发性成分中都含有香叶烯、β-榄香烯、石竹烯等物质,叶片中的挥发性有机成分都是萜烯类物质,而花瓣的挥发性有机成分中除了萜烯类物质外,还含有较多的芳樟醇等醇类物质和安息香酸甲酯等酯类物质;黄兰叶片与花瓣的精油对大肠杆菌没有抑制作用,但质量分数为2.5%的精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌具有明显的抑制作用,其中2.5%的叶片精油对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌率达到68.20%。     

草原畜牧业产业链利益联结机制影响因素研究

在草原畜牧业产业链的建设过程中,构建稳定、和谐、有效的产业链利益联结机制,是产业链有效运行的必要前提和重要支撑。基于此,对新疆、内蒙古、青海及甘肃的四大典型草原牧区利益联结主体牧户、合作社和龙头企业进行了实地问卷调查,运用结构方程模型对其产业链利益联结机制的影响因素进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,行为表现、畜产品物流特征和合作意愿对产业链利益联结机制有显著的正向影响;经营状况并不能直接影响其产业链的利益联结,而是通过其他3条路径间接影响产业链的利益联结机制;主体的行为表现可以直接和间接影响彼此间的利益联结,畜产品物流特征对于彼此间合作意愿影响是微乎其微的;产业链主体的发展状况、契约关系、分销渠道以及合作预期的认知分别是经营状况、行为表现、畜产品物流特征和合作意愿中对利益联结机制影响最为显著的因素。     

Co‐expression of PACAP with VIP,SP and CGRP in the Porcine Nodose Ganglion Sensory Neurons

Our previous study revealed the expression of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in sensory distal ganglion of the vagus (nodose ganglion) neurons in the pig. As these neuropeptides may be involved in nociception, the goal of these investigations was to determine possible expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), SP and CGRP in the pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide‐immunoreactive (PACAP‐IR) porcine nodose perikarya. Co‐expression of these substances was examined using a double‐labelling immunofluorescence technique. To reveal the ganglionic cell bodies, the pan‐neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was used. Quantitative analysis of the neurons revealed that 67.25% of the PGP 9.5+ somata in the right‐side ganglion and 66.5% in the left side, respectively, co‐expressed PACAP‐IR. Moreover, 60.6% of the PACAP‐IR cells in the right‐side ganglion and 62.1% in the left, respectively, co‐expressed VIP. SP‐IR was observed in 52.2 and 39.9% of the right and left ganglia, respectively. CGRP was found in 27.7 and 34.1% of the right and left distal ganglion of the vagus, respectively. High level of co‐expression of PACAP with VIP, SP and CGRP in the distal ganglia of the vagus sensory perikarya directly implicates studied peptides in their functional interaction during nociceptive vagal transduction.     

Interaction between root rot basidiomycetes and Phytophthora species on pedunculate oak

Forest declines are usually complex multifactorial phenomena that involve interactions between different factors. The possible interaction between different types of mycelial pathogens was investigated through artificial inoculation of oak seedlings, involving two root rot basidiomycetes, Collybia fusipes and Armillaria mellea, and two Phytophthora species, P. cinnamomi and P. cambivora. These pathogens were inoculated onto young Quercus robur saplings in greenhouse conditions, either alone or combining a root rot basidiomycete with a Phytophthora species. Three out of the four Phytophthora spp.*root rot basidiomycete combinations tested resulted in significantly greater damage to the oak host than the sum of the damages induced by the individual pathogens. This positive interaction could be significant in oak decline syndrome.