基于ALEPH单册管理系统的图书清点工作——以首都师范大学图书馆为例

图书馆馆藏清点工作是图书馆馆藏管理工作的重要内容,然而由于清点工作的复杂性导致此项工作难以经常开展。现以首都师范大学图书馆图书清点工作的实践为例,介绍了如何利用AIMS系统进行图书清点的方案设计和实际工作实践,并提出了AIMS系统本身存在的局限和问题,为图书馆馆藏清点以及管理工作提供参考。     

抚仙湖北部农田区不同施肥对水稻产量、氮素吸收及利用率的影响

针对抚仙湖北部农田区的蔬菜施肥过量导致土壤养分残余量大,会对后作水稻施肥造成影响的问题,采用田间小区开展不同施肥试验研究。结果表明,砂壤土和粘壤土在施氮量为150~360 kg/hm²范围内,水稻植株氮素积累量随着施氮量的增加而提高,而增加的氮素积累量主要表现在茎叶部位;穗肥施用氮肥可提高籽粒氮素积累量。水稻氮肥吸收利用率和产量,砂壤土以施氮255 kg/hm2时最高,分别为45.1%和10594 kg/hm²;而粘壤土施氮150~360 kg/hm²之间,氮肥吸收利用率为20.9%~22.4%之间,产量为10486~10596 kg/hm2之间;当对砂壤土和粘壤土的水稻穗肥施用氮肥时,水稻氮肥吸收利用率（分别为42.8%、23.5%）和产量（分别为10445 kg/hm²、10564 kg/hm²）最高。水稻的氮素收获指数、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率及氮肥偏生产力,均以砂壤土明显高于粘壤土,且随着施氮量的增加而显著下降。蔬菜后作水稻施氮量以150~255 kg/hm²范围为宜,氮肥分基肥50%+分蘖肥30%+穗肥20%施用     

螺旋槽干气密封端面气膜温度场的数值分析

为了解因黏性剪切和压缩膨胀等因素导致干气密封气体流经密封端面时的温度变化,以空气润滑螺旋槽干气密封为研究对象,利用CFD软件的三维数值模拟功能,分别研究了膜厚t、转速n和密封气体压力po对稳态运行时端面气膜温度分布的影响.结果表明:气膜温度沿径向和周向均发生变化,螺旋槽内靠近外径处的气体温度较低.随着膜厚t的增大,气膜的高温区由台区逐渐转移到密封坝区.膜厚t越大,端面气膜的平均温度越低.转速n对于气膜温度的影响明显,随着转速n增大,气膜温度迅速上升.而随着密封气体压力po的增大,泄漏量St逐渐增大,通过泄漏气体带走的热量相应增大,气膜温度相应降低.     

Tilapia Piscidin 4 (TP4) Stimulates Cell Proliferation and Wound Closure in MRSA-Infected Wounds in Mice

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are endogenous antibiotics that directly affect microorganisms, and also have a variety of receptor-mediated functions. One such AMP, Tilapia piscidin 4 (TP4), was isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus); TP4 has antibacterial effects and regulates the innate immune system. The aim of the present study was to characterize the role of TP4 in the regulation of wound closure in mice and proliferation of a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and fibroblast cell line (Hs-68). In vitro, TP4 stimulated cell proliferation and activated collagen I, collagen III, and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) gene expression in Hs-68 cells, which induces keratin production by HaCaT cells. This effect was detectable at TP4 concentrations of 6.25 µg/mL in both cell lines. In vivo, TP4 was found to be highly effective at combating peritonitis and wound infection caused by MRSA in mouse models, without inducing adverse behavioral effects or liver or kidney toxicity. Taken together, our results indicate that TP4 enhances the survival rate of mice infected with the bacterial pathogen MRSA through both antimicrobial and wound closure activities mediated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The peptide is likely involved in antibacterial processes and regulation of tissue homeostasis in infected wounds in mice. Overall, these results suggest that TP4 may be suitable for development as a novel topical agent for wound dressing.     

水牛Oct4、Nanog基因的克隆及其在水牛胎儿成纤维细胞中的表达

【目的】转录因子Oct4、Nanog是调节干细胞多能性相关的转录因子,在干细胞的分化和胚胎发育中有重要作用。本研究旨在克隆水牛Oct4和Nanog基因、分析基因序列和蛋白结构、构建逆转录表达载体,并在水牛体细胞中表达,为进一步研究其在水牛早期胚胎发育中的作用,以及为建立水牛胚胎干细胞系和诱导多能干细胞系（iPSC）奠定基础。【方法】分别从水牛生殖嵴和体细胞中提取RNA和DNA,将RNA反转录成第1链cDNA,参照牛基因序列（Oct4：NM_174580,Nanog：NM_001025344）设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR和PCR分别扩增Oct4和Nanog的编码区序列（the coding sequences,CDS）和DNA全长序列,其中Oct4全长DNA分3段扩增,Nanog全长DNA分2段扩增;利用生物在线分析软件对水牛Oct4和Nanog进行蛋白质结构预测和同源性比对;采用EcoRⅠ、XholⅠ和XholⅠ、NotⅠ双酶切,T4连接酶,将Oct4和Nanog的CDS连接到逆转录病毒载体pMX上,构建逆转录表达载体pMX-Oct4和pMX-Nanog;采用组织块法培养水牛胎儿成纤维细胞（buffalo fetal fibroblasts,BFFs）,逆转录表达系统经过病毒包装后产生的病毒上清液感染BFFs,感染12-15h后,继续培养48 h;通过RT-PCR和免疫荧光技术检测转基因在BFFs中的表达情况。【结果】Oct4 CDS全长1 083 bp,编码361个氨基酸,DNA全长4 509 bp,包括5个外显子和4个内含子;Nanog CDS全长903 bp,编码301个氨基酸,DNA全长4 473 bp,包括4个外显子和3个内含子;将Oct4和Nanog基因序列提交到GenBank,分配的基因登录号分别为JN991003和JN991004;Oct4氨基酸序列与牛、猪、人和鼠相应氨基酸的同源性分别为98%、96%、91%和81%,Nanog氨基酸序列与牛、猪、人和鼠相应氨基酸的同源性分别为90%、81%、69%和47%;Oct4和Nanog蛋白结构与小鼠相应蛋白的结构相似,分别含有本家族特有的POU结构域和HOX同源结构域;成功构建表达Oct4和Nanog的逆转录病毒载体pMX-Oct4和pMX-Nanog;逆转录病毒系统pMX介导的Oct4和Nanog基因能转入BFFs中,在mRNA水平和蛋白水平都表达,阴性对照中不表达。【结论】分别克隆了水牛Oct4和Nanog的DNA序列全长和CDS,其基因序列和氨基酸序列在物种间高度保守;逆转录病毒转基因方法将Oct4和Nanog基因成功地转入BFFs并表达。逆转录病毒系统介导目的基因表达的转基因方法可以应用于水牛转基因研究和水牛iPSC生产。     

Pulmonary thromboembolism

Objective – To review the pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in small animals. Data Sources – Human and veterinary clinical studies, reviews, texts, and recent research in canine and feline PTE diagnosis and thromboembolic therapeutics. Human Data Synthesis – In humans, clinical probability assessment and point‐of‐care D‐dimer‐based algorithms are widely used. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for PTE diagnosis in humans. Echocardiography is increasingly used for bedside assessment of affected patients. In low‐risk human patients anticoagulants alone are recommended while patients with cardiogenic shock are treated with thrombolytics followed by anticoagulation. Veterinary Data Synthesis – PTE is associated with numerous predisposing conditions causing hypercoagulability, blood flow stasis, or endothelial injury. Identifying at‐risk patients is key to diagnosis in small animals. Thromboelastography provides a method for identifying hypercoagulable patients. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography may replace selective pulmonary angiography as the imaging technique of choice for PTE diagnosis. PTE therapy consists of supportive treatment combined with appropriate, individualized thromboembolic pharmacotherapy for acute treatment and chronic management. Thrombolytic therapy for PTE remains controversial but may be indicated in hemodynamically unstable acute PTE. Thromboprophylaxis in specific conditions is rational although evidence of efficacy is limited. Prognosis depends upon degree of cardiopulmonary compromise and patient response to therapy. Mortality rates in small animals are unknown. Conclusions – New diagnostic techniques and advances in therapy offer significant potential for improvements in the identification and treatment of PTE in small animals. Further study must be directed to validating new diagnostic modalities and evaluating therapeutic regimes.     

Digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations and amino acid digestibility of dried yeast and soybean meal for growing pigs

Energy values and amino acid (AA) digestibility of dried yeast (DY) and soybean meal (SBM) were determined in 2 experiments with growing pigs. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in DY and SBM. Thirty barrows with a mean initial body weight (BW) of 20.6 kg (SD = 1.04) were assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with period and BW as blocking factors. A reference diet was prepared with corn, canola meal, and soybean oil as energy-contributing ingredients. Four additional diets were prepared by adding 5% and 10% DY or SBM at the expense of energy-contributing ingredients in the reference diet. The ratio of corn, canola meal, and soybean oil was kept consistent across the experimental diets. Each experimental period consisted of 5-d adaptation and 5-d quantitative collection of feces and urine. Test ingredient-associated DE or ME intake (kcal/d) was regressed against test ingredient intake [kg dry matter (DM)/d] to estimate the DE or ME in test ingredients as the slope of linear regression model. The DE in DY was estimated at 3,933 kcal/kg DM, which was not different from the estimated DE in SBM at 4,020 kcal/kg DM. Similarly, there was no difference between DY and SBM in the estimated ME (3,431 and 3,756 kcal/kg DM, respectively). Experiment 2 was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in DY and SBM. Twenty-one barrows with a mean initial BW of 20.0 kg (SD = 1.31) were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and assigned to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. Two semi-purified diets containing DY or SBM as the sole nitrogen source and one nitrogen-free diet (NFD) were prepared. The NFD was used to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Pigs were fed the 3 diets for 5 d as adaptation, followed by 2 d of feeding with ileal digesta collection. The SID of AA, except Gly and Pro, in DY was less (P < 0.05) than in SBM. The SID of indispensable AA in DY ranged from 64.1% for Thr to 85.2% for Arg, and those in SBM ranged from 83.9% for Thr to 91.8% for Arg. In conclusion, energy values of DY are not different from those of SBM, whereas AA in DY is less digestible than in SBM. The estimated DE and ME as well as the SID of AA in DY and SBM can be used in diet formulation for growing pigs using these ingredients.     

犬钩端螺旋体黄疸出血群LipL32在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

本试验收集了临床发生黄疸病犬的尿液,提取基因组DNA,经16srRNA基因PCR鉴定,表明该犬存在钩体黄疸出血群毒株感染.以该基因组DNA为模板,扩增获得lipL32基因,并对该基因进行了原核表达,结果显示该抗原在大肠杆菌中获得高效可溶性表达.该蛋白的成功制备为犬钩体的诊断及新型亚单位疫苗的研制提供了广谱候选抗原.     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.