地被菊花粉萌发及花粉活力的研究

用ME的盐类和维生素附加16％聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)和15％蔗糖对野菊及新红、塞旗红、玫瑰红的花粉进行培养。结果表明，萌发率分别为80．2％、85．3％、61．3％和46．5％。PE‰对菊花萌发有明显促进作用。但庶糖的作用不能被PEG所取代。菊花花粉萌发较合适的温度为10-20℃，在4-8℃时，萌发率及速度迅速降低，35℃萌发虽快。但花粉管短且破裂。在4℃条件下花粉可贮藏4-14d。但不宜干燥贮藏。     

长期不同施氮量下黑土团聚体稳定性及有机碳含量的变化

为测定不同氮肥施用量对黑土团聚体组成及稳定性、有机碳含量及团聚体有机碳分布的影响,阐明黑土有机碳稳定性对不同施氮水平的响应机制,本研究在吉林省梨树县不同施氮水平长期定位试验田进行取样,以施氮水平不同设置5个处理,分别为T1(0)、T2(160 kg·hm^-2)、T3(240 kg·hm^-2)、T4(280 kg·hm^-2)、T5(320 kg·hm^-2),分析长期不同施氮量下水稳性团聚体组成、团聚体结构特征、土壤总有机碳含量及团聚体有机碳分布的变化,探究酸化黑土有机碳含量影响特征。结果表明：随氮肥施用水平的升高,土壤碱解氮(AN)和全氮(TN)含量先增后减,T3处理含量最高,AN和TN分别比T1处理高24.90%、10.28%;土壤速效磷(AP)的含量呈下降趋势。随氮肥用量的提高,土壤团聚体呈现大粒径团聚体向小粒径团聚体转变的趋势,>2 mm粒径团聚体下降14.55%。土壤有机碳总量随施氮水平的提高呈先增后减的趋势,施氮量为280 kg·hm^-2有机碳含量最高;>2...     

黄海北部辽宁近岸海域鳀产卵场分布特征及其影响因素

为掌握黄海北部辽宁近岸海域鳀(Engraulis japonicus)产卵场的分布特征及其关键环境因子,基于2021年4—12月开展的产卵场综合调查获取的鳀样品及其鱼卵密度数据,运用Garrison重心分布法阐释鳀产卵洄游分布特征及其主产卵期;通过基于Tweedie分布的广义可加模型(generalized additive model, GAM)的构建,分析主产卵期内鳀卵密度与同步获取的海水表层温度(SST)、海水表层盐度(SSS)、海水表层叶绿素浓度(Chla)、浮游动物丰度(Fd)、浮游植物丰度(Fz)和深度(Depth)等6个环境因子,以及时间(月份,Month)和空间(经纬度、Lon和Lat)因子之间关系,并识别主控因子。结果显示,海域内鳀产卵期较长,由4月持续至11月,5—8月为主产卵期,其中,5—6月为产卵盛期。鳀产卵场规模和位置时空变化明显,时空因子与鳀卵密度分布呈密切非线性相关(累积偏差解释率为48.1%),(SST, SSS) (18.7%)和Depth (5%)次之。鳀产卵期适温范围较广,产卵场分布表现出高温高盐(低温低盐)增效作用和高温低盐限制作用。产卵初期(4月),鳀产卵场规模和鱼卵密度均较低,产卵重心位于海洋岛东南侧深水区;盛期(5月底—6月初)在SST主导下,鳀产卵场规模和鱼卵密度均至年内最高值,核心产卵场位于石城岛–庄河河口一带海域;此后,随着辽南沿岸水系盐度的下降,高温低盐的抑制作用使SSS因素主导产卵鱼群避开沿岸海域,鳀产卵场迁移至外海深水区,7月后位于30~50 m等深线之间;9—10月鳀繁殖活动基本结束,10月鳀卵仅零星分布于调查海域,直至12月未有鳀卵采获。研究可为黄海北部辽宁近岸海域鳀产卵场研究及鳀资源合理开发利用提供参考依据。     

芍药属组间杂交种皮开裂种子的解剖观察与胚培养

【目的】探究芍药属组间杂交种皮开裂种子的内部状态和胚培养成苗表现,为揭示种皮开裂种子的成苗潜力、提高组间远缘杂交育种效率提供参考。【方法】以24个芍药属组间杂交组合种皮开裂的种子为试验材料,解剖后观察并统计胚和胚乳的发育情况,通过离体培养观察胚的萌发和生长规律,分析不同组合种皮开裂种子发育和成苗差异。【结果】芍药属24个组间杂交组合中均出现了种皮开裂的杂交种子,平均种皮开裂率高达61.08%;1 767粒种皮开裂种子中,有11.09%的胚乳已腐烂;胚乳未腐烂种子中,约90%以上种子的胚乳存在不同程度的损伤或病变,24.18%的种子内部未观察到可见胚。对解剖得到的1 185个组间杂种胚进行离体培养发现,有24.73%的胚不萌发,63.47%的胚生长异常,仅有4.47%的胚能正常生长,得到完整植株。胚培养得到的完整植株具备良好的活力,移栽成活率达到86.79%。24个杂交组合种皮开裂种子通过离体胚培养共得到46株移栽成活的组间杂种苗,平均成苗率为2.60%,接近正常组间杂交种子的播种成苗率（2.75%）。【结论】种皮开裂现象在芍药属组间杂交种子中普遍存在,是组间远缘杂交障碍的重要表现之一,用离体胚培养技术能有效克服这类障碍,提高成苗率。     

丸粒化处理对胡麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响研究

采用二因素裂区设计,以保水剂和活性炭、硅藻土、凹凸棒为填充剂的包衣材料制作丸粒化胡麻种子,研究了丸粒化处理对胡麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:与不加保水剂相比,保水剂质量与种子质量为1∶1时,丸粒种子的活力指数和出苗率显著提高20.11%、18.62%;随着保水剂含量的增加,幼苗的根冠比显著减小3.25%。包衣剂中以活性炭:凹凸棒=1∶1为填充剂的发芽率和出苗率比不加填充剂的明显提高6.79%、22.41%,幼苗生长最健壮。与未丸粒化的种子相比,当保水剂质量与种子质量为1∶1时,以活性炭:凹凸棒=1∶1为填充剂的丸粒种子发芽指数、活力指数和出苗率显著提高,而且幼苗的茎粗、叶面积和根冠比分别显著增加11.02%、27.35%、28.07%。可见,适量的保水剂(保水剂质量与种子质量为1∶1)和以活性炭、凹凸棒为填充剂的包衣剂能提高胡麻种子活力,增加出苗率,使幼苗的干物质重增大,根系发达,根冠比提高,为胡麻高产奠定了良好的基础。     

Comparison Analysis of Immune Related Gene of Orf Virus in Sheep and Camels

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of Orf virus (ORFV) immune related genes after infection with different species.The ORFV genomes of sheep and camel were extracted and named ORFV-Y and ORFV-LT,respectively.Based on ORFV genome sequence published in GenBank (accession No.:KF234407.1),three pairs of specific primers were designed and synthesized to amplify the B2L,F1L and VIR gene fragments of ORFV-Y and ORFV-LT,respectively,and the amplified fragments were cloned into pMD19-T vector,transformed into E.coli DH5α competent cells.The recombinant plasmid was identified,and positive clones were selected for sequencing,DNAStar software was used to analyze the homology,amino acid sequence and phylogenetic tree of 13 ORFV genome sequences published on NCBI.The results showed that the nucleotide homology of B2L,F1L and VIR genes were 92.8% to 99.2%,95.7% to 99.5% and 77.6% to 100%,respectively.After comparing the amino acid sequence between the two genomes and the reference sequence,it was found that there were obvious differences in the immune related genes between the two genomes,and F1L gene had some rules to follow.The phylogenetic analysis of B2L,F1L and VIR genes showed that ORFV-Y was closely related to the Chinese Fujian goat strain,while ORFV-LT was far from the reference strains,and was a separate branch.The results showed that ORFV had obvious difference in immune related genes between sheep and camels,it provided a reference basis for further research on the changes of ORFV gene sequences in different species and the development of vaccines for different species in the future.     

长沙市区马尾松人工林生态系统碳储量及其空间分布

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t通过对帽儿山不同红松人工林凋落物的分析测定,研究不同红松人工林凋落物含量、组成以及凋落物碳密度的动态规律和特点,为其区域尺度上森林碳储量的估测和碳汇林业的开展提供科学和理论依据。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t运用凋落物筐收集法对帽儿山地区红松人工纯林、白桦—红松人工混交林和蒙古栎—红松人工混交林的凋落物进行研究。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t不同林型凋落物组成不同,凋落物含量和凋落物碳密度随着林龄的增长也逐渐增加,3种林型42年林龄凋落物含量和碳密度均明显大于20年;不同林型的人工林凋落物碳密度差异显著,20年人工林凋落物碳密度表现为：白桦—红松林 [0.751 t/(hm²·a)] >蒙古栎—红松林 [0.721 t/(hm ²·a)] >红松纯林 [0.688 t/(hm ²·a)](P<0.05);42年生人工林凋落物碳密度依次为：蒙古栎—红松林 [2.995 t/(hm²·a)] >白桦—红松林 [2.779 t/(hm ²·a)] >红松纯林 [2.007 t/(hm ²·a)](P<0.05)。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t不同林型的红松人工林凋落物碳密度差异显著,混交林明显大于纯林;林分凋落物碳密度随着林龄的增长而增加。\t\t\t\t     

单株定量施肥方式下烟田土壤NO3-N淋溶特征研究

2004年在湖南浏阳烟区烟稻轮作田块上，研究了单株定量施肥方式下NO3-NN在土壤中淋溶损失的规律。结果表明：烟苗大田移栽后1～4周内NO3-N的淋溶较多，第4周出现高峰，5～7周NO3-NN淋溶量相对较少，12周以后又呈上升趋势；NO3-N淋溶量与降水量存在正相关关系，但不显著；常规施肥条件下比单株定量施肥条件下NO3-NN含量更易受降水量的影响；常规施肥下，NO3-N含量在现蕾期以前，60～90cm土层有一个浓度升高区，现蕾期以后，浓度升高区消失；而在单株定量施肥下，NO3-N含量始终由表层向下部土层递减；NO3-N表聚现象，常规施肥较单株定量施肥方式明显。因此，单株定量施肥法为减少NO3-NN淋溶损失提供了可能。     

Juglone inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer cells by regulating Wnt/β-catenin/Snail signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of juglone on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells. METHODS: Human prostate cancer LNCaP cells were divided into control group (without juglone), 12.5 μmol/L juglone group and 25 μmol/L juglone group. LNCaP cells in the latter 2 groups were treated with juglone for 24 h. The invasion ability of the LNCaP cells was detected by Transwell assay. The protein expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail and β-catenin was determined by Western blot. The LNCaP cells were treated with LiCl and juglone in combination for 24 h, and the protein expression of Snail and E-cadherin was detected by Western blot.RESULTS: The results of Trans-well invasion assay showed that the invasion ability in juglone groups was significantly decreased (P<0.01). The protein expression of E-cadherin in the LNCaP cells treated with juglone was increased, and the expression levels of vimentin and β-catenin were reduced (P<0.01). Treatment with LiCl significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of juglone on Snail expression and subsequent down-regulation of E-cadherin expression. CONCLUSION: Juglone inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin/Snail signaling pathway in the LNCaP cells.     

网络信息组织方法

本文介绍了应用于网络信息组织众多方法中比较常用的四种:数字化图书馆、主题网关、书目控制、信息网格。