澳洲宝石鲈染色体核型分析

对5尾澳洲宝石鲈(Scortum bacoo)87个中期分裂相进行了显微计数和测量。结果显示:澳洲宝石鲈染色体数目为2 n=48,其中有2对为中部着丝粒染色体,其余22对为端部着丝粒染色体,其核型公式为2 n=4 m+44 t,NF=52。澳洲宝石鲈染色体大小的绝对值为(1.19±0.16)μm~(3.37±0.28)μm,平均长度为(2.31±0.17)μm。24对染色体相对长度大小差异较显著,平均值为4.17±0.08。     

玉米秸秆中纤维素的低温提取方法

本研究探究了一种从玉米秸秆中低温提取纤维素的新方法,利用低温体系成功地从玉米秸秆中提取到纤维素,并用红外光谱、热重分析和X射线衍射法对提取的纤维素样品进行表征。结果表明,低温体系是一种环保体系,可以从玉米秸秆中提取到高纯度的纤维素。     

广西玉米种质资源的特征特性及利用评价

1963~2000年间,广西共收集、保存玉米种质资源1575份,其中广西地方农家种1217份,外省品种5份,国外品种93份,国外自交系249份,国内自交系11份。性状鉴定结果表明:广西玉米种质资源各性状的表现差异较大,生育期春播71~145d,秋播68~111d;株高78~293cm,穗位高17~191cm,穗长6.3~21.5cm,穗粗1.7~5.3cm,穗行数8~24行;果穗多为锥形,粒型以硬粒为主,粒色以白、黄为主,千粒重50~460g。对489份地方种质资源进行籽粒品质分析,结果表明:蛋白质含量9.08%~14.99%,脂肪含量3.22%~7.35%,氨基酸含量0.25%~0.40%。利用广西玉米种质资源培育出的都安2号、多苞玉米30号、墨白玉米、苏湾1号、墨黄9号以及新近育成的糯玉米品种玉美头601、玉美头602等,对广西玉米生产起到了非常重要的作用。今后应继续做好广西玉米种质资源的收集和保存工作,为进一步丰富玉米育种基础提供坚实的物质保障。     

香榧天然群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析

利用AFLP分子标记技术,采用8对引物对6个香榧天然群体的92个个体进行了总基因组DNA水平上的多态性检测,共检测出364个位点,其中多态性位点63个.方差分析表明:基因谱带频率在群体间差异不明显,方差分量贡献率在群体间占11.14%,群体内占88.86%.6个群体均具有丰富的遗传多样性,多态位点百分率为79.73%～98.41%,其中绍兴>东白湖>磐安>钟家岭>嵊州>黄山,且群体内遗传多样性大于群体间遗传多样性.等位基因数为1.7939～1.9841,有效等位基因数为1.5416～1.6759,Shannon信息指数为0.4548～0.5471.群体分化系数为0.1136,群体内遗传多样性为0.3512,基因流为3.8997.遗传一致度平均值为0.9174,遗传距离平均值为0.0797.根据遗传一致度进行了UPGMA聚类分析.     

早熟金柑新品种‘金秋早’

早熟金柑新品种‘金秋早’是从福建省尤溪县‘尤溪金柑’园中优良实生单株选育而成。生长健壮。果实近球形,果皮橙黄至橙红色,单果质量17~26 g,皮肉脆嫩化渣,酸甜可口,风味浓。果汁可溶性固形物含量13%,总酸0.8%,总糖9%,维生素C 394 mg·L~(-1)。每果种子数5~7个。成熟期在11月上旬,比‘尤溪金柑’早15~20 d。适宜在福建省尤溪金柑适栽区种植。     

Study on the Changes of Reproductive Hormone and Regulation of Follicle Development During the Reproductive Cycle of Yili Goose in Xinjiang

This experiment was aimed to study the changes of reproductive hormone and regulation of follicle development during the reproductive cycle of Yili goose in Xinjiang. 2 years old Yili goose were chosen which were in good health and similar weight. 32 samples were randomly selected to take blood samples for hormone detection during the laying, broodiness and ceased periods, and 15 samples were randomly selected to gather ovarian tissue for the observation of the development of ovary and follicular. The results showed that during the laying period, the GnRH of the Yili goose was extremely significantly higher than the broodiness and ceased periods of 16.78% and 58.29% (P<0.01);PRL was significantly lower than the broodiness period of 13.00% (P<0.05), and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 28.94% (P<0.01); FSH was higher than the broodiness period of 6.98% (P>0.05),and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 21.12% (P<0.01); LH was extremely significantly lower than the broodiness period of 8.38% (P<0.01),and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 16.84% (P<0.01); E₂ were extremely significantly higher than that the broodiness and ceased periods of 29.80% and 112.40% (P<0.01); P₄ levels were extremely significantly higher than the broodiness and ceased periods of 28.89% and 30.34% (P<0.01). The ovary volume and weight of Yili goose were extremely significantly higher than that of broodiness and ceased periods (P<0.01). In the laying period, the mature follicles of Yili goose were significantly larger than that of the broodiness and resting periods, the number of secondary follicles was more and the number of primary follicles was lesser. Ovarian growth and mature follicle atresia, granule layer shrinkage, inward depression, cytoplasmic cavity, follicular atrophy at all levels in the broodiness period. The follicle cytoplasmic cavity of the ovary was larger in the ceased period than broodiness period, and inward concave further deeper, a large number of primordial follicles evenly arranged. Thus, during the laying period, the responses of GnRH, E₂ and LH of Yili goose were active and played a leading role on the development of ovarian and follicular. PRL and LH maintained a high level of secretion, cooperated to maintain the broodiness behavior during the broodiness period.     

基于增苗减氮技术构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体

[目的]增施氮肥是实现水稻高产最为重要的措施之一,但过量施用氮肥会降低氮肥吸收利用率并造成氮素面源污染.合理的每穴苗数通过调节稻田基本苗数构建高产群体起点,但通过增加每穴苗数降低施氮量能否同步实现水稻高产及氮素高效利用目前还不清楚.旨在探索每穴苗数及氮肥用量对构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体的协同调控效果.[方法]于2017—2018年,选用五优308及天优华占为晚籼稻材料,设CK(每穴2苗和N 180 kg/hm2)、T1(每穴3苗和N 144 kg/hm2)及T2(每穴4苗和N 126 kg/hm2)等3个处理,测定了水稻干物质生产、叶面积指数、产量及氮素吸收利用.[结果]随着增苗减氮调控程度增加,两品种产量均先增后降.与CK处理相比,五优308及天优华占品种T1处理产量分别增加0.36％～0.38％及8.73％～10.01％,其中天优华占T1处理与CK处理产量间差异达显著水平;天优华占T2处理产量增加0.95％～1.72％,而五优308品种T2处理产量却显著降低7.46％～7.96％.增苗减氮促进晚籼稻有效穗数增加,每穗粒数降低,结实率先增后降,千粒质量无显著变化.两品种抽穗期及成熟期的叶面积指数及幼穗分化期至成熟期的光合势均先增后降,五优308作物生长速率、总干物质量降低,而天优华占作物生长速率、总干物质量却均先增后降.总吸氮量降低,氮素偏生产力增加、氮素吸收利用率、生理利用率及农学利用率均先增后降.[结论]T1处理可同步协调"增苗"与"减氮"二者关系,可有效构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体,但具体调控效果因品种而异.     

当前龙虾产业发展现状及政策建议——基于“龙虾门”事件对盐城龙虾产业后续影响调查

本文作者结合南京＂龙虾门＂事件,对盐城龙虾产业的现状进行了调查研究,并对龙虾产业发展提出一些建议,供养殖者参考。     

国槐苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的克隆、反义表达载体构建及遗传转化

根据其它植物PAL基因的保守区域,设计一对兼并引物,采用RT-PCR方法从国槐中克隆了一个长866 bp的PAL基因片段,命名为SjPAL.序列分析发现SjPAL多肽与其它植物的PAL氨基酸序列高度同源(87%以上),且包含与水稻和拟南芥的PAL类似的活性位点.系统进化树分析表明SjPAL与豆科植物的PAL亲缘关系较近.RT-PCR结果显示,SjPAL在根和茎的表达量约为叶中的3倍.利用反义RNA技术将SjPAL基因克隆至植物表达载体pBI121,构建了SjPAL反义RNA植物表达载体pBI121-PAL,通过根癌农杆菌EHA105将其导入拟南芥基因组,对获得的抗性植株进行PCR鉴定、Northern杂交分析、PAL活性分析以及总多酚含量和类黄酮含量分析.结果表明,该反义RNA已整合到拟南芥基因组中,转基因拟南芥的PAL基因表达量、单位材料PAL活性、总多酚含量和类黄酮含量均显著低于野生型对照.本研究为下一步利用该基因反义表达载体转化国槐,通过调节酚类物质含量提高其在再生体系中的生根能力提供了试验依据.     

淮安地区主栽小麦品种指纹图谱的构建及遗传多样性分析

利用分布在小麦42条染色体上的86对SSR引物,对24份淮安地区主栽小麦品种(系)基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,结果发现,86对SSR引物中有26对引物在24份材料之间具有稳定的多态性。利用这26对SSR引物所检测出的124个等位基因对24份淮安地区小麦主栽品种(系)进行遗传相似性分析,并在26对引物中选择其中6对多态性好、扩增带型清晰的SSR引物构建24份小麦品种(系)的指纹图谱。6对SSR引物构建的指纹图谱可以将24份小麦品种(系)逐一区分开来。24份小麦品种(系)间遗传相似系数的变异范围为0.54～0.92。采用非加权类平均法进行聚类分析,在相似系数064处,可将24份小麦品种(系)分为4大类群,在一定程度上反映了品种之间的亲缘关系。