高效丰产水稻品种的群体生产特性研究

水稻轻简化栽培要求在较短的生育期获得相对较高的产量,对水稻物质生产的效率提出更高的要求.选择不同类型的杂交稻和常规粳稻品种,对物质生产特征及其生理基础进行分析,探讨高效丰产水稻品种的群体生产特性.结果表明:产量表现较好的现代品种高效和丰产能协同形成,结实期物质日生产量较高,稳定表现在200 kg·hm-2以上.高效丰产...     

以色列野生二棱大麦农艺性状差异及相关性分析

为给野生大麦的遗传和基因资源的研究提供依据,对起源于以色列不同地区6个群体的16个生态型野生二棱大麦的物候性状进行了研究.结果表明,不同生态型间的物候性状差异明显.从个体水平上分析,其最大值均出现在湿生生态型中,除旗叶面积外,其最小值则出现在旱生生态型中;从群体水平上分析,除每穗粒数外,湿生型平均值皆高于旱生型平均值.曼-怀氏等级和检验显示,湿生型和旱生型之间的这些物候性状差异达到显著水平.斯皮尔曼秩相关性检验则表明,9个物候与性状间,除三叶期与粒重、穗粒重无相关性外,其余物候性状间均呈显著的相关性,其中生长期与旗叶面积、株高、穗长、芒长等呈显著正相关,与每穗粒数则呈显著负相关;芒长与旗叶面积、株高,稳长与株高存在显著正相关,而每穗粒数则与芒长和旗叶面积分别呈显著负相关,芒长与穗长亦呈显著正相关.分析表明,以色列不同地区野生大麦物候性状差异是其生境主导下生存选择的结果,其丰富的表现型多样性,可用于遗传与育种研究.     

植物保健剂绿益康对欧鳗生长与血清指标的影响

以欧鳗为试材,以饲料添加黄霉素20 mg/kg为对照,研究了饲料中添加绿益康1‰、2‰和3‰对欧鳗血清干扰素、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶含量的影响,旨为探讨中草药植物保健剂绿益康的保健和调整代谢的作用机理。结果表明：中草药添加剂可调节欧鳗的新陈代谢和免疫功能,最佳添加量为2‰。     

基因型和采样时期对甜樱桃体细胞胚胎发生的影响

以不同基因型甜樱桃的未成熟胚为材料,从幼胚的采样时期、蔗糖浓度和2,4-D等方面探讨了甜樱桃体细胞胚胎发生的影响因素。结果表明：采样时期在花后35 d左右,幼胚≤5 mm时,胚性愈伤组织形成的频率较高（92.9%）;体细胞胚胎发生的适宜培养基为MS＋2,4-D 2.0 mg/L＋蔗糖40 g/L。     

云线网蛾的生物学初步研究

云线网蛾Rhodoneura nitens是木兰科一些树木的食叶害虫,马褂木受害很普遍。此虫1a发生2代,以蛹越冬。越冬代和第1代成虫分别于4月下旬和7月下旬开始羽化。文章报道了其分布、寄主、生物学特性和天敌情况。     

桃脆片加工过程中3种农药残留动态

采用田间喷药和室内模拟加工方式,研究变温压差膨化法和真空冷冻干燥法加工桃脆片过程中,毒死蜱、多菌灵和吡虫啉的残留动态,为桃脆片膳食暴露风险评估以及加工过程中农药残留消减提供科学指导.结果表明:去皮是去除桃果实中毒死蜱残留的关键步骤,去除率高达84.7％;清洗和去皮是去除桃果实中多菌灵残留的关键步骤,去除率分别为48.8...     

环境因素对淡水浮丝藻生长及产生嗅味的影响

研究温度、营养盐浓度以及光照强度对淡水浮丝藻(Planktothrix sp.)及其代谢产物二-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)的影响,为控制丝状蓝藻生长及预警水体嗅味物质污染提供实践依据。浮丝藻由中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水藻种库分离于安徽巢湖;设置的实验温度为15、20、25、30℃,BG-11营养盐溶液体积分数为20%、30%、50%、100%,光照为1 000、2 000、3 000、4 000 lx。结果表明,温度对浮丝藻生长密度、总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量影响最显著,25℃是浮丝藻最适宜生长温度,最高细胞密度可达6.04×10⁵个/mL,30℃是其最适宜的产2-MIB温度,总2-MIB生成量和胞外2-MIB分泌量均最高,分别为3.64×10³ng/L和2.78×10³ng/L;其次为营养盐浓度,增大BG-11营养盐浓度,浮丝藻生长密度和总2-MIB生成量会随之增加,低浓度营养盐时胞外2-MIB分泌量所占比例较高,表明低浓度营养盐更有利于浮丝藻进行胞外2-MIB分泌;光照对浮丝藻生长及产嗅味物质影响较小,...     

Alteration of apoptotic susceptibility and bcl-2 gene in malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells

AIM: To demonstrate the susceptibility of cell apoptosis varies during the progress of cell malignant transformation from human being in vitro. METHODS: A SV₄₀T-transfected human bronchial epithelial immortalized cell line (called M) was selected in this work, which has acquired some characteristics of malignant transformation at the later passage. The alterations of apoptosis and bcl-2, P53 genes between early and later passage of M cells were investigated by means of TDT labeling in situ, chromosome FISH, RNA and protein testing, etc. RESULTS: Incidence of apoptosis induced by cis-platin was significantly lower in later than in early passages of M. Levels of bcl-2 mRNA and protein in later passages were higher than early passages of M, and overexpression of bcl-2 was accumulated following the development of cellular malignancy. P53 protein level was as high in early as in later passages. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of bcl-2 decreases the cellular sensitivity to apoptotic inductors plays an important role during progress of carcinogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cancers. The inactivation of P53 protein in the SV₄₀-T transfected M cell line may be one of reasons of bcl-2 overexpression, but not associated with the accumulation of bcl-2 expressed level during cell transformation.     

Inducible nitric oxide synthase and arterial pressure regulation

AIM and METHODS:To clarify the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the regulation of blood pressure,in the present study, we examined the effect of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of iNOS on the hemodinamical response of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats to low (0.3%) or high (8%) sodium chloride (NaCl) infusion by chronical in vivo hemodynamic experiment, and the effect of NaCl or NaCl plus AG infusion on urinary nitrate (NO₃)/nitrite (NO₂), the end product of nitric oxide (NO), excretion by Greiss Reaction. Furthermore, NOS activity assay was also carried out to probe the effect of NaCl and AG on calcium-dependent or independent NOS activity in renal tissue. RESULTS:1. High or low NaCl-infused DR rats and low NaCl-infused DS rats have no hemodinamical response to AG, however, the hypertensive effect of high NaCl (8%) infusion on DS rats were greatly amplified by co-infusion of AG. 2. Administration of high NaCl significantly elevated the iNOS activity of renal tissue, and greatly increased urinary NO₃/NO₂ excretion. CONCLUSION:Inducible NOS is an important modulator of arterial pressure, especially in case of higher blood pressure.     

河蟹养殖及蟹文化④一龄蟹种的培育技术

当蟹苗在培育池中蜕完3次壳成为Ⅲ期仔蟹(约2万只/kg)时,即可将其转移到二级培育池中进行一龄蟹种的培育.而如果是5月中旬购入的人工蟹苗,则可培养至Ⅳ期仔蟹(约8000只/kg)再移入二级培育池培育.其目的是提高一龄蟹种(扣蟹)的成活率,保持蟹种的规格均匀,防止产生小绿蟹.