病原体溯源技术研究进展及在寄生虫上的应用

病原体是导致人和动植物感染疾病的根源,带来一系列的安全隐患。病原体溯源研究对于基因型鉴定、分类地位准确化、流行病学调查及疾病的防控具有重大意义。近年来,分子生物学技术已被广泛用于病原溯源研究。作者主要对病原体溯源技术的最新研究进展及其在寄生虫上的应用作一综述。     

Corticosterone inhibits LPS-induced expression of NLRP3 in mouse macrophages and its relation with XO

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of corticosterone (CORT) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and its relation with xanthine oxidase (XO). METHODS: An inflammatory model of mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 was established by stimulating with LPS. Total cellular protein was extracted after the macrophages were treated with CORT at different concentrations (0~900 μg/L). The protein levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were determined by Western blot. According to the treatments, the macrophages were divided into control group, LPS group, LPS+CORT group and LPS+allopurinol group. Cell components were extracted at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 h. The protein levels of NLRP3 and XO were determined by Western blot,and the mRNA expression of NLRP3 and XO was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: CORT at 700 μg/L and above significantly inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and the activation of caspase-1 in the macrophages induced by LPS (P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the expression of NLRP3 and XO in LPS+CORT group was inhibited (P<0.05), and the expression of NLRP3 in LPS+allopurinol group was also reduced (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: High concentration of CORT inhibits the expression of NLRP3 in LPS-induced mouse macrophages, which is associated with XO. The inhibitory effect of CORT may be related to the reduction of XO expression.     

pH与曝气耦合调控厌氧发酵相分离技术研究

为验证pH调节与曝气处理对两相厌氧发酵相分离的影响,文章研究了以葡萄糖为底物,不同起始pH值(5.5,6.5,7.5)、不同间隔时间(8h,12h,16h)通入不同量的空气(3 L,5L,8 L),对厌氧发酵产甲烷的影响,并进一步研究了pH调节与曝气处理对秸秆两相厌氧发酵相分离的影响.结果表明:通过连续曝气处理可以降低反应器料液的pH、升高反应器料液的氧化还原电位,起始pH、曝气间隔时间及曝气量分别为6.0,8h和5L对厌氧发酵的产气量和产甲烷量的抑制有明显效果.将秸秆两相厌氧发酵系统中水解产酸相初始pH调到6.5以下,结合每天曝气3次(间隔8小时),每次曝气量≥1L空气·L-1反应器(等于或大于容器体积),不用产甲烷相沼液作水解相消化液补充回流条件下,可以有效地抑制甲烷产生,基本实现两相有效分离.     

基于无线传感网络的畜禽舍环境监控系统的设计与实现

针对规模化畜牧养殖中畜禽舍环境监测难的问题,设计开发了一套基于无线传感网络的畜禽舍环境监控系统,该系统能对畜禽舍环境参数(如温度、湿度、光照、大气压、氨气浓度等指标)进行实时监测,并能智能化地根据设定的环境指标上下限自动控制畜禽舍相关设备如风机、风扇、湿帘、电灯等的开启,最终达到将畜禽舍环境参数控制在设定的范围、减少动物热应激、净化畜禽舍环境、促进动物健康成长的目的。     

乌桕根皮醇提物萃取部位抗猪大肠杆菌活性分析

[目的]探讨乌桕根皮醇提物各部位对猪大肠杆菌4种血清型的抗菌活性。[方法]用95%乙醇80℃回流提取乌桕根皮,将醇提液浓缩后依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,最后得到萃余的水相,测试各部位的抗菌活性。[结果]醇提物的石油醚部位、正丁醇部位和水部位没有抑制作用,乙酸乙酯部位对血清型K88F、41和987P具有抑制效果,而对血清型K99无效。因此,用中药材防治猪大肠杆菌疾病时,应该考虑到血清型差异。[结论]乌桕根皮提取物可以在一定程度上防治大肠杆菌引起的猪病。     

非嗜食植物汁液对旋心异跗莹叶甲取食及产卵的影响

为了探索安全、有效防治丹参新害虫旋心异跗莹叶甲的方法,研究5种非嗜食植物汁液对旋心异跗莹叶甲成虫取食和产卵的影响.结果表明,5种常见的非嗜食性植物次生物质(汁液)对旋心异跗莹叶甲成虫具有不同程度的拒食和产卵干扰作用,100%、50%大蒜汁液,100%、50%葱汁液,100%刺芥汁液及100%鬼针草汁液48 h的非选择性拒食率均在70%以上;100%大蒜、葱及刺芥汁液7 d的选择性拒食率均在50%以上;100%、50%车前汁液,100%、50%大蒜汁液,100%刺芥汁液的产卵抑制率均在50%以上;其中大蒜汁液的拒食作用和产卵干扰作用最明显,其48h非选择性拒食率、7d选择性拒食率、产卵抑制率分别达到91.4%、97.56%、95.31%.     

Effects of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid and Light on Growth of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cv.Daxueju) Callus

This study was conducted to determine effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and light on growth of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cv.Daxueju) callus.Callus was induced from both petiole and leaf explants of gerbera on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 3％ sucrose and various concentrations of 2,4-D and placed under light and dark.Callus induction percentage,callus size and callus fresh and dry weights were efficiently higher when using petiole as explant.MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D showed the highest callus induction percentage of 96.70％.Callus induced under light had larger weight mass.It was indicated that 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and light could promote growth of gerbera callus from petiole explant.     

The coordinated regulation between nuclear DNA and mitochondria DNA

The overall cellular gene expression is well realized by the coordinated regulation between nuclear DNA and mitochondria DNA. Coordinated regulation between two genomes plays a key role not only in mitochondria biogenesis and protein synthesis but also more importantly in the regulation of gene expression of mitochondria respiratory chain subunits in order to mediate the mitochondrial respiratory function. In the present review, we focus on the mechanism of coordinated regulation between two genomes.     

松嫩平原扁秆藨草种群生殖株构件表型可塑性及生长分析

采用大样本取样野外实地测定方法,对松嫩平原扁秆藨草(Scirpus planiculmis)种群生殖株的数量性状和生殖分配规律进行了分析。结果表明,在籽实成熟期,扁秆藨草种群生殖株各数量性状具有较大的表型可塑性。变异系数以种子生物量最大,为81.63%;其次为种子生殖分配73.14%;株高最小,为13.11%。扁秆藨草种群生殖株表型可塑性遵循着规律性,即随着株高和株生物量的增加,茎叶生物量呈幂函数增加,花序生物量呈直线增加;生殖分配随着株高和株生物量的增加呈幂函数或指数减少。