棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制及其防病促生作用研究

探究棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防治效果及其促生作用,为筛选用于草莓炭疽病绿色防控的高效生防菌提供资源及应用技术。采用平皿培养法、显微镜观察法和盆栽灌根法测定了棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防效及其对草莓幼苗的促生效果。结果显示,棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽菌LC0220具有较强的竞争、抗生和重寄生作用,菌株GYSW-6m1能迅速占领营养空间,对峙培养3、5和7 d对病菌LC0220抑制率分别为68.06%、71.03%和79.03%,病菌LC0220在含有菌株GYSW-6m1发酵代谢产物平板上培养3、5和7 d抑菌率分别为79.18%、75.81%和76.13%,菌株GYSW-6m1挥发代谢物对病菌LC0220菌丝生长几乎没有抑制作用,菌株GYSW-6m1菌丝可通过接触、缠绕和穿透病菌LC0220的菌丝并引起菌丝消解断裂。菌株GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病具有较好的盆栽防治效果,处理LC0220+GYSW-6m1防效最显著,防效高达87.23%,处理GYSW-6m1（3 d）+LC0220和LC0220（3 d）+GYSW-6m1防效分别为52.72%和44.76%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓幼苗具有明显的促生效果,株高、根长、植株总鲜重和植株总干重均显著增加,促生率分别为7.96%、10.42%、22.54%和34.21%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1可以作为一种重要的生防资源用于草莓炭疽病的防治,具有一定的实用开发潜力。     

以金针菇菌糠为培养基质的猴头菇高效栽培技术

以猴头菇为研究对象,采用金针菇菌糠、滤泥等廉价培养基质,通过优化液体菌种和栽培培养基配方、栽培方式等建立猴头菇高效栽培技术体系.结果表明,猴头菇液体菌种的培养基配方为H3,培养到第4天时活力最强;猴头菇栽培培养基配方W2;栽培方式以小口径、不需要搔菌为好;比较菌糠培养基与纯玉米芯培养基栽培获得的子实体,金针菇菌糠培养基...     

遮荫处理及恢复光照对白菜生长及活性氧代谢的影响

 以白菜耐弱光品种‘矮王’和不耐弱光品种‘绿优’为材料,研究遮荫处理及恢复光照过程中植株生长、活性氧代谢和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,遮荫处理后‘矮王’品种生长减缓, ‘绿优’品种生长停滞;2品种的MDA含量、O₂-. 产生速率和H₂O₂含量呈现先下降后上升的趋势, POD活性呈上升趋势,而SOD、CAT、APX等酶活呈先下降后上升的趋势;恢复生长光照后,2品种的 MDA含量、O₂-. 产生速率和H₂O₂含量均迅速上升,几种酶活也呈加速上升趋势。遮荫处理后期与恢复光照后‘绿优’的膜脂过氧化现象较‘矮王’严重,‘矮王’通过增加抗氧化酶活性,有效地减轻了膜脂过氧化程度。     

滇西南菜区小菜蛾发生规律及抗药性现状

为掌握滇西南菜区小菜蛾的发生规律和抗药性现状, 2013-2017年进行了田间系统调查幼虫、性信息素诱集成虫和室内毒力测定。结果表明:滇西南菜区小菜蛾田间种群每年早春存在种群激增现象, 3-5月份出现春季高峰期, 6月后种群数量保持较低水平。抗性测定表明, 该地区小菜蛾对丁醚脲、Bt、氯虫苯甲酰胺、虫螨腈、茚虫威均为低水平抗性, 对氟啶脲和多杀霉素为中等水平抗性; 对阿维菌素为中到高抗,对高效氯氰菊酯为高抗水平。建议该区域1-5月放置性信息素诱杀成虫, 3-4月用丁醚脲、Bt制剂、氯虫苯甲酰胺、虫螨腈、茚虫威等进行化学防治, 6-12月小菜蛾的发生虫量在经济阈值下, 可不防治。     

Cloning and Tissue Expression Analysis of PDK4 and FGF10 Genes in Guizhou Congjiang Xiang Pig

The objective of this study was to clone PDK4 and FGF10 genes, and investigate the expression level of PDK4 and FGF10 genes mRNA in different tissues of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig. The PDK4 and FGF10 genes were cloned by RT-PCR and analyzed by bioinformatics, the relative expression of PDK4 and FGF10 genes were detected by Real-time PCR. The results showed that the coding region of PDK4 gene was 1 224 bp, encoding 407 amino acids; The coding region of FGF10 gene was 636 bp and encoded 211 amino acids. The homologies of nucleotide sequences of PDK4 gene with sheep, horse and human were 93%, 92% and 91%,respectively. The homologies of nucleotide sequences of FGF10 gene with sheep, cattle, human and mouse were 94%,93%, 93% and 90%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree of PDK4 gene showed that the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, cattle and sheep were very close, the phylogenetic tree of FGF10 gene indicated that the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, cattle, sheep, human and macaque were very close, but the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, rat and chicken were far away. Real-time PCR results showed that, in different tissues of Congjiang Xiang pig,PDK4 gene expression in kidney tissue was higher than other tissues, with a higher expression in stomach and adipose as well,FGF10 gene expression in stomach tissue was higher than other tissues, with a higher expression in kidney and adipose as well, but both of PDK4 and FGF10 genes expression were the lowest in longissimus dorsi. In different tissues of Large White pig, both of PDK4 and FGF10 genes were expressed the highest in adipose than other tissues, PDK4 gene expression in longissimus dorsi was the lowest, while the FGF10 gene expression the lowest in heart. This study successfully cloned the PDK4 and FGF10 genes of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig,and detected the relative expression of PDK4 and FGF10 genes in different tissues of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig, and also provided scientific basis for further study on regulation of PDK4 and FGF10 genes on lipid metabolism and deposition.     

猪肌肉生长抑制素基因的克隆及原核表达

本试验旨在通过基因工程方法获得重组肌肉生长抑制素蛋白。根据基因库肌肉生长抑制素基因序列设计合成特异性引物,引物两端分别加上EcoRⅠ和SalⅠ酶切位点及保护碱基,提取汉普夏猪的骨骼肌总RNA,用RT-PCR方法扩增肌肉生长抑制素全长基因,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上,测序后EcoRⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切,克隆到pET-30a( )中,构建原核表达载体pET-30a-M,将重组表达质粒转化至E.coliBL21(DE3)中,诱导表达。结果表明,成功扩增出肌肉生长抑制素全长基因;克隆载体经过DNA序列测定,所得基因与国外报道的完全一致;成功构建原核表达载体pET-30a-M;经IPTG诱导,表达出了6×His-M融合蛋白,用组氨酸标签抗体做Western印记证明产物大约48 ku,与预期大小相符,肌肉生长抑制素蛋白在大肠杆菌中成功的进行了表达。     

早熟金柑新品种‘金秋早’

早熟金柑新品种‘金秋早’是从福建省尤溪县‘尤溪金柑’园中优良实生单株选育而成。生长健壮。果实近球形,果皮橙黄至橙红色,单果质量17~26 g,皮肉脆嫩化渣,酸甜可口,风味浓。果汁可溶性固形物含量13%,总酸0.8%,总糖9%,维生素C 394 mg·L~(-1)。每果种子数5~7个。成熟期在11月上旬,比‘尤溪金柑’早15~20 d。适宜在福建省尤溪金柑适栽区种植。     

季节性河道土壤水分及其渗漏特征初探

利用土壤深层水分渗漏仪和水分自动监测系统获取相应的监测数据,分析干旱区季节性河流（库姆塔格沙漠东南部崔木土沟）沟道内部的洪水入渗过程及不同深度土壤水分变化规律。结果表明：① 河道内以砂粒为主,土壤最大持水量在26.08%～31.75%。② 监测期内,每次洪水过程,水分均能入渗到200 cm以下的土层,但50 cm以下土层的水分入渗基本为非饱和入渗;每次入渗过程,湿润锋到达土层的深度与入渗时间具有良好的线性相关关系,但这一相关关系在春、夏季具有明显的分异,春季水分入渗更为缓慢。③ 监测期内,160 cm土层共出现4次明显的连续渗漏过程,渗漏总量为2 165.8 mm,最大渗漏强度为21.4 mm·（2h）^-1,160 cm土壤水分渗漏速率随土壤水分含量增加呈指数增加趋势,但每次开始出现连续渗漏的土壤初始含水率并不一致。该研究可为进一步揭示干旱区河流廊道生态系统生存、变化提供了科学支撑。     

哈茨木霉对水稻恶苗病菌的拮抗作用

PDA平板拮抗试验表明 ,哈茨木霉对水稻恶苗病菌有强烈的拮抗作用 ,其孢子悬浮液的含孢量为 10⁶～10⁷个 /mL时 ,对恶苗病菌的抑制力达 92.33%。通过哈茨木霉菌液和 3种药剂对水稻恶苗病菌抑制效果的比较 ,哈茨木霉孢子悬浮液含孢量为 10⁷个 /mL与施保克质量浓度 1μg/mL的抑菌效果接近 ,分别为 76.7%、75.4%。显微摄影结果显示 ,哈茨木霉以附着胞附着在恶苗病菌菌丝上 ,然后穿透菌丝在其内生长 ,或与恶苗病菌的菌丝平行生长 ,然后再侵入病菌内寄生。     

杏棉间作复合系统对棉花产量及纤维品质的影响

以大田棉花为对照(CK),研究了环塔里木盆地杏、棉间作系统对棉花的产量和纤维品质特性的影响.结果表明:杏、棉间作下棉花的产量及其构成因素相比对照均有不同程度的减小,且随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,其变化呈偏态分布趋势;在杏、棉间作区,棉花的比强度、伸长率和马克隆值明显减少,而纤维长度、整齐度、黄度和纺纱指数则形成了明显的增...