杉木人工林土壤肥力质量的演变趋势及维持措施的研究进展

近年来,人工林土壤肥力质量退化与林业生产之间的矛盾日益加剧,严重威胁林业的可持续发展,土壤肥力质量维持变得十分紧迫。针对人工林土壤肥力质量退化与维持这一热点问题,从土壤物理性质、土壤化学性质、土壤微生物、土壤酶活性、化感作用等角度系统阐述了杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata人工林经营过程中土壤肥力质量的演变趋势。众多研究表明,中国杉木人工林主要产区普遍存在土壤肥力质量退化,生产力持续降低等问题,其主要驱动因素是不可持续的营林措施。同时从轮作经营、混交复合造林、林分密度调节、肥力补偿、可持续森林管理等方面对杉木人工林土壤肥力质量维持研究成果进行了综述,并对杉木人工林土壤肥力质量维持研究进行了展望。表1参48     

六堡茶茶褐素体外降脂功效研究

考察六堡茶茶褐素体外结合胆酸盐能力、抑制胰脂肪酶活性及胆固醇酯酶活性能力、吸附胆固醇及油脂能力,从而评价其体外降脂活性。研究结果显示,六堡茶茶褐素对花生油的吸附量为0.73 g·g^-1,对胆固醇的吸附量在酸性条件下为122.42 mg·g^-1、中性条件下为13.68 mg·g^-1;在茶褐素结合胆酸盐的试验中,随着茶褐素浓度的增加,与胆酸盐结合能力也呈上升趋势;茶褐素对胰脂肪酶起激活作用,且随着浓度的增加呈持续上升趋势;对胆固醇酯酶活性抑制IC₅₀值为57.2 mg·mL^-1。六堡茶茶褐素降脂机制可能主要通过与胆酸盐结合、吸附胆固醇和脂肪来实现。     

基于主成分分析的不同茶树品种在湖北地区的适应性评价

为客观准确地评价19个茶树品种在湖北地区的适应性。本研究以‘福鼎大白茶’（CK）为对照,对19个茶树品种在湖北地区的茶苗成活率、新梢物候期、产量性状、制茶品质和抗逆性等指标进行系统比较分析,并应用主成分分析法对不同茶树品种在湖北地区的适应性进行综合评价。结果表明,在主成分分析时前3个主成分的累积方差贡献率达到76.96%,分别为“产量抗性因子”“物候期因子”“品质因子”;以前3个主成分的线性回归方程和贡献率构建适应性综合评价模型,综合得分超过CK的有10个品种,其中‘茶农98’‘鄂茶12’‘陕茶1号’和‘岚里香’4个品种的综合评价得分明显高于其他品种,为最适宜湖北及相似茶区推广应用品种;综合得分低于CK的有9个品种,其中‘白叶一号’‘中黄1号’‘漕溪1号’和‘鸟王106’4个品种的综合得分明显低于其他品种,为不适宜湖北及相似茶区推广应用品种。     

盐胁迫下外源功能微生物调控水稻生长特征研究

以高产水稻品种中浙优1号为材料,设置2个盐胁迫处理(S0,正常生长条件;S1,盐逆境,3g NaCl/kg干土)和2个微生物处理(M0,对照;MM,荧光假单胞菌与巴西固氮螺菌共同接种水稻根际环境),研究了盐胁迫下外源功能微生物对水稻生长特征的影响。结果表明,与S0处理相比,S1处理下水稻植株生育期严重滞后,干物质积累量以及产量构成因子显著降低;与S1M0处理相比,S1MM处理可显著提高水稻剑叶光合速率、地上部干物质量以及产量构成因子。可见,荧光假单胞菌与巴西固氮螺菌进入稻田土壤可缓解盐逆境对水稻生长的抑制作用,提升水稻叶片光合能力、耐盐性能,并显著提高水稻分蘖能力和结实率,增加千粒重,进而增加水稻产量。     

Effects of different active constituents of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by ox-LDL

AIM To investigate the effects of different components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum ［gypenosides (Gps), gypenoside XLIX (GpXLIX) and ginsenoside Rb3 (GRb3)］ on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). METHODS EA.hy926 cells were divided into control group, model group, Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group. The cells in control group were cultured only in DMEM complete medium. The cells in model group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 h. The cells in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h, and then treated with Gps, GpXLIX and GRb3 at 100 mg/L for another 24 h, respectively. The ATP content in each group was detected by ELISA. The expression levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5a （Cox5a）, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 （Ndufs1）, ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5a) and cytochrome C (Cyt C）, were determined by Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with control group, the ATP content in model group was decreased (P<0.01). After drug intervention, the ATP content increased to different degrees in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.01). The results of Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system were consistent with those of Western blot. These results showed that compared with control group, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a in model group was decreased, and the protein expression of Cyt C was increased (P<0.01). After intervention, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a was increased and the protein expression of Cyt C was decreased in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among them, the effect of Gps on the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and Cyt C was significantly stronger than those of the 2 monomer components, and the effect of GRb3 was found to be superior in the 2 monomer components. The effect of GpXLIX on ATP5a protein was superior to the other 2 components. CONCLUSION Gynostemma total saponins and related active ingredients protect ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells by affecting mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, thereby preventing and treating atherosclerosis.     

竹花叶病毒浙江麻竹分离物全基因组序列及siRNA分析

正已知有3种病毒可在自然条件下侵染竹类植物,即竹花叶病毒(bamboo mosaic virus,BaMV)~[1]、樱桃坏死锈斑驳病毒(cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus,CNRMV)和苹果茎沟病毒(apple stem grooving virus,ASGV)~[2,3]。其中,BaMV是最早在巴西的金竹(Bambusa vulgaris Cv.)和孝顺竹     

旱地豌豆新品种定豌9号选育报告

以S9107为母本,草原12号为父本,采用有性杂交技术和系谱选育法,培育出旱地豌豆新品种定豌9号。在2012 — 2014年多点试验中,3 a 15点(次)折合平均产量2 064.0 kg/hm2,较对照品种定豌4号增产12.14%,产量表现稳定、高产。平均株高73.3 cm,主茎节数13.9节,单株有效荚数4.03个,单荚粒数3.86粒,百粒重20.5 g,经济性状优良。生育期92 d左右。干籽粒含粗蛋白258.1 g/kg、赖氨酸13.2 g/kg、粗脂肪7.67 g/kg、粗淀粉600.0 g/kg。抗旱、耐根腐病、丰产稳产性好。适宜在甘肃中部干旱、半干旱地区及其同类地区种植。