滑菇优良品种筛选试验初报

本试验对 6个不同滑菇品种进行了菌丝体生长和制种观察 ;在栽培试验过程中进行了多点小试和中试 ,初选出Ph0 8号和Ph0 6号两个品种。Ph0 8的单盘产量比CK1高出 2 5 8% ,比CK2 高出 35 3% ;Ph0 6的单盘产量比CK1高出 2 1 5 % ,比CK2 高出 30 6 %。它们均属早生品种 ,适合辽宁地区的气候特点 ,在幼菇期菌盖呈半球形、桔红色、附着的粘液多 ,菌柄比对照短 ,菇体健壮 ,符合商品收购和产品加工的要求     

两种钙的抑制剂对苹果幼果发育及果肉细胞超微结构的影响

以红富士苹果果实为试材,在盛花后30d以内,分3次向幼果中引入EGTA和LaCl3,研究了两种钙的抑制剂对果实细胞超微结构和果实生长的影响。结果表明,EGTA主要是在盛花后20d以前影响果肉细胞形态建成,导致细胞扭曲变形;而La3+是在盛花后20d以后,细胞开始扭曲变形,盛花后10d,质体上开始出现淀粉粒,盛花后30d,质体上淀粉粒明显增多。两种抑制剂对幼果发育有不同程度的影响。LaCl3处理,对幼果发育有抑制作用,其中,花后20d处理,抑制效应最强。花后20dEGTA处理,对果实的横径生长有一定的促进作用,其它两次处理,则表现出对幼果生长的抑制效应。     

SSR技术及其在果树上的应用

SSR(Simple sequence repeat)技术以其丰富的多态性、共显性遗传、重复性好和操作简便等优点日益受到重视,已成为植物遗传和育种研究中不可缺少的分子标记。对SSR技术的原理和特点作了简要的介绍,较详细地分析了如何获得SSR引物,特别是综述了果树上SSR引物的研究现状,同时将其与其它几种主要的分子标记进行了比较分析,认为SSR标记检测的位点多态性水平明显高于RFLP,而且重复性优于RAPD;着重介绍了SSR技术在果树种质资源和构建果树遗传图谱及基因定位等研究中的应用现状;指出SSR技术将在果树科研上起到重要的作用。     

入世后我国甜樱桃面临的机遇与挑战及发展对策

甜樱桃作为一种早熟、优质、保健果品,而且种植效益较高,在国内国际都正处于发展时期。根据世界甜樱桃生产和贸易情况,指出了我国在甜樱桃科学技术与生产上与世界先进甜樱桃生产国的差距,分析了我国加入WTO之后,我国甜樱桃面临的机遇和挑战,并且机遇大于挑战。如果有适当的科技投入,我国甜樱桃产业将可克服现在科技滞后的状态,发挥我国劳动力低廉和国土辽阔的优势,迅速扩大其生产总量,提高品质,扩大出口,增加农民的收入,2015年可望形成32.4～43.2亿元的社会总产值。     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Study on the electrophysiological characteristics of ion channels of stem cell derived cardiomyocytes of mouse

AIM: To study the electrophysiological characteristics of ion channels of stem cell derived cardiomyocytes(SCDC) of mouse. METHODS: Embryonic stem cells of D₃ line(ES-D₃) were cultured on the MEF feeder layer with BRL conditioned medium, and fetal mouse heart cells(FMHC)were cultured in vitro. Then ES-D₃ cells were induced to differentiate into many kinds of cells. SCDC were harvested on day 12 after differentiation initiating and identified by electro-microscope and immunocytochemistry. SCDC and FMHC were prepared for the patch-clamp research. Sodium and calcium currents together were elicited and compared between SCDC and FMHC. RESULTS: The current characteristics of sodium and calcium channels of SCDC were very similar to FMHC. CONCLUSION: The functional expression of ion channels occurred during ES-D₃ cells differentiation and the electrophysiological characteristics of sodium and calcium channels of SCDC are very similar to FMHC.     

香菇杂交新菌株1363号的选育研究

采用单孢杂交的方法培育出香菇新菌株 136 3号。它具有产量高 ,质量好 ,遗传性状稳定 ,抗逆性状强等优点。     

小菜蛾对溴氢菊酯抗药性的随机扩增多态性DNA分析

利用室内选育119代的抗溴氰菊酯小菜蛾Plutella xylostella品系和敏感品系，通过反复回交和自交建立近等基因系。用Operon公司合成的20个引物对近等基因系基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。3个引物在抗性品系中分别产生1条特异扩增带，4个引物在敏感品系中分别产生了1～5条特异扩增带。由于在近等基因系中，除了与抗性相关的基因区外，其它的遗传背景是相同的，因此可以认为这些特异带与小菜蛾对溴氰菊酯的抗性有关。     

对鳞翅目害虫有活性的cry1C基因的克隆和表达

在鉴定苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis，简称Bt)Btc001菌株cry基因型的基础上，构建了Btc001菌株质粒DNA HindⅢ片段的文库，并利用聚合酶链式反应-限制性酶切片段多态性(PCIR-RFIP)方法筛选出含有crylC6全长基因的13．5kb大片段，酶切分析得到该片段的物理图谱，BamHI和EcoRI切完成了6．5kb含全长基因的亚克隆，并对这条6．5kb片段亚克隆、测序，序列在国际核酸序列数据库(GenBank)登记(AY007686)，并由Bt杀虫晶体蛋白基因国际命名委员会命名为cry1Cb2基因。根据序列设计了一对用于扩增全长基因的引物S581CB和S381CB，扩增产物插入表达载体pET-21b中，诱导后在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得高效表达。表达产物对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)表现出较高活性，LC50达到7．9μg/ml。     

金耳的液体发酵研究

研究表明，金耳(Tremella aurantialba)液体发酵最适培养基组成为玉米粉2％，蔗糖3％，酵母膏0．1％，KH2PO40．1％，MgSO40．05％；培养基最佳初始pH、250mL三角瓶装量、接种量、种子菌龄分别是3．5、80mL、10％和120h；用10L发酵罐发酵时，最佳培养条件是种子种龄144h、28℃、接种量10％、通风量2．5L／min。