芍药属组间杂交种皮开裂种子的解剖观察与胚培养

【目的】探究芍药属组间杂交种皮开裂种子的内部状态和胚培养成苗表现,为揭示种皮开裂种子的成苗潜力、提高组间远缘杂交育种效率提供参考。【方法】以24个芍药属组间杂交组合种皮开裂的种子为试验材料,解剖后观察并统计胚和胚乳的发育情况,通过离体培养观察胚的萌发和生长规律,分析不同组合种皮开裂种子发育和成苗差异。【结果】芍药属24个组间杂交组合中均出现了种皮开裂的杂交种子,平均种皮开裂率高达61.08%;1 767粒种皮开裂种子中,有11.09%的胚乳已腐烂;胚乳未腐烂种子中,约90%以上种子的胚乳存在不同程度的损伤或病变,24.18%的种子内部未观察到可见胚。对解剖得到的1 185个组间杂种胚进行离体培养发现,有24.73%的胚不萌发,63.47%的胚生长异常,仅有4.47%的胚能正常生长,得到完整植株。胚培养得到的完整植株具备良好的活力,移栽成活率达到86.79%。24个杂交组合种皮开裂种子通过离体胚培养共得到46株移栽成活的组间杂种苗,平均成苗率为2.60%,接近正常组间杂交种子的播种成苗率（2.75%）。【结论】种皮开裂现象在芍药属组间杂交种子中普遍存在,是组间远缘杂交障碍的重要表现之一,用离体胚培养技术能有效克服这类障碍,提高成苗率。     

桐梓县杂交玉米氮磷钾的合理配施效应

采用"3414"平衡施肥方案,在桐梓县肥力较高的小黄沙泥土上进行了杂交玉米的肥料效应田间试验.结果表明,增产效果最佳的肥料配方为处理6,即尿素32.6kg·667m-2、普钙62.5kg·667m-2、氯化钾26.7kg·667m-2;从经济效益分析来看,以低氮低磷中钾处理的肥料增产效益最好,其肥料的产/投比为2.42,其肥料配方为处理12(N1P1K2),即尿素13.6kg·667m-2、普钙31.25kg·667m-2、氯化钾13.3kg·667-2.     

石柱县莼菜大田植物多样性调查与分析

调查重庆市石柱县野生莼菜大田的植物多样性。共发现植物244种,隶属于74科200属。其中菊科26属30种,禾本科19属21种,荨麻科8属12种,唇形科10属11种;外来入侵植物有34科63属69种,菊科、禾本科物种数最多;本土危害物种9科10属12种,危害能力极强。此外,还发现国家二级保护植物金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys),重庆市省级重点保护野生植物瓶尔小草(Ophioglossum vulgatum)。区系分析、植被类型、植物组成分析显示,该地植物区系丰富,属于热带和温带气候带之间,且物种多样性相对丰富,湿地植物数量相对较高,危害植物干扰严重。     

蒙古甘草与新疆红杆甘草再生植株体系的构建

为了建立蒙古甘草和新疆红杆甘草植株再生体系,本研究采用胚轴、叶片、子叶和茎段做外植体,探究了不同激素配比对二者愈伤组织诱导及再生植株生长情况的影响,筛选出愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的最适外植体及最佳培养基。实验结果显示：MS+2.0 mg/L NAA+2.0 mg/L 6-BA为愈伤组织诱导与植株再生诱导的最佳培养基,其中,胚轴与子叶是最佳诱导外植体,愈伤组织诱导率均高于90%。本研究建立的快繁体系可为甘草优良品种繁育及甘草生产提供理论参考与实践指导。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.     

犬急救及应急处置方法

一般情况下,犬需要主人进行的医疗处置,顶多不过是带它看完病后按医嘱喂药,或上一些外敷药之类。但是万一遇到紧急情况,比如犬突然发生急病,或意外受到伤害,在送往动物医院前需要急救时,如果主人掌握一些应急处置方法,就可以在某种程度上减缓伤病的程度。及时救治有时候甚至会关系到爱犬的生命。比如说,犬在遭遇车祸或咬斗受伤时,为很可能因失血过多或疼痛难忍而处于疯狂状态。     

The 16MΔvjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection

Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.     

古巴非洲猪瘟根除的经验与借鉴

1971年非洲猪瘟首次传入古巴并于当年根除,1980年再次传入并在一年内又被根除。古巴能快速根除非洲猪瘟,主要与防控专业委员会的及时成立,协作机制的快速建立;全面扑杀措施的快速实施,健康猪产品的合理利用;民间团队的积极参与以及政府财政的大力支持密切相关。古巴的根除经验,可为我国非洲猪瘟的防控提供参考。     

红马银花的资源状况及其生长规律的调查研究

目的分析红马银花(Rhododendron vialii)的遗传多样性以推测其濒危原因,为保护和开发利用红马银花提供理论依据。方法利用SSR分子标记技术,对云南省4个红马银花居群共155个个体的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析。结果8个位点共检测到57个多态性位点,平均每个位点有6对等位基因;在物种水平上具有较高遗传多样性(不同等位基因数N_e=2.780±0.166,有效等位基因数N_a=5.563±0.269,Shannon’s信息指数I=1.156±0.057,观测杂合度H_o=0.546±0.038,期望杂合度H_e=0.598±0.025)。AMOVA分析显示：遗传多样性81%来自居群内,19%来自居群之间,并且居群分化系数(F_st)为0.094±0.020。居群内近交系数(F_is)为0.088±0.081;Structure聚类分析将4个居群聚为2组。结论导致红马银花濒危的主要原因是生境遭到破坏,遗传多样性暂时没有受到很大的影响,建议主要以就地保护为宜。     

栽培柳枝稷不同生长时期对伴生杂草生物量及密度的影响

以陕西定边县引种的8个柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum L.)品种(Blackwell,Cave-in-Rock,Dakota,Forest-berg,Illinois USA,Nebraska 28,Pathfinder和Sunburst)及行间杂草作为研究对象,通过计算柳枝稷对杂草的抑制率(RI),分析其生长指标与杂草生长指标的相关关系,判定不同柳枝稷品种在不同生育期对杂草生长的抑制效应,为其引种及田间杂草管理提供依据。结果表明:在生长初期(6月30日),Illinois USA杂草抑制率仅为3.4%,Cave-in-Rock和Forestberg对杂草生长抑制率分别为86.0%和74.9%;经过2次人工除草后(8月30日),Cave-in-Rock和Forestberg的杂草抑制率分别为85.7%和95.7%;生长后期(10月13日),仅Cave-in-Rock对杂草生长有88.5%的抑制率。回归分析显示,生长中后期(8月30日),柳枝稷地上部及根系生物量显著影响对杂草的抑制率(R2=0.31,0.54;P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析发现,Cave-in-Rock的株高、地上及根系生物量均显著降低杂草单株生物量(r=-0.97,-0.99,-0.99;P<0.05);Forestberg的植高与杂草密度显著负相关(r=-0.97,P<0.05)。