云南古茶园土壤化学成分研究

通过实地采样和实验室化验分析,研究云南古茶园土壤化学成分含量状况。结果表明,古茶园土壤含有机质4.66%、碱解氮167.48 mg/kg、速效磷13.57 mg/kg和速效钾81.46 mg/kg,有效硼1.07 mg/kg、有效钙292.93 mg/kg、有效镁47.2 mg/kg、有效铁85.99 mg/kg、有效锰20.72 mg/kg、有效铜0.93 mg/kg和有效锌1.33 mg/kg,全铬74.28 mg/kg、全铅96.67 mg/kg和全汞0.13 mg/kg。有机质含量高于中国目前一等土壤生产水平和高产优质高效茶园土壤含量水平,速效磷、速效钾、有效铜和有效锌含量均低于高产优质高效茶园土壤含量水平。     

耐盐基因HAL1的克隆及在原核细胞中的表达

以酵母基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法得到耐盐基因HAL1,插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1的XhoI和EcoRI酶切位点之间,构建原核表达载体pGEX-HAL1;将该载体转化到大肠杆菌中,重组菌株用IPTG诱导表达,其耐盐性比空白菌株提高50%;SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳结果显示有明显表达的蛋白质条带。     

用于黄瓜白粉病抗性鉴定的InDel标记

根据黄瓜白粉病抗性主效基因/QTL的插入/缺失突变,将其设计成共显性的In Del分子标记。通过群体连锁分析,发现In Del-MLO1标记与黄瓜白粉病抗性主效基因共分离。应用该标记对24份来自世界各地且白粉病抗性已知的黄瓜材料进行抗性验证,21份材料的抗性表型与标记的带型一致,说明在黄瓜进化和驯化过程中,造成抗病表型的该插入/缺失突变发生普遍。因此,该In Del标记适合于大多数黄瓜材料的白粉病抗性鉴定和分子标记辅助育种,从而加快黄瓜白粉病抗病育种的进程。     

两种免疫增强剂对黄颡鱼生长、消化及免疫性能的影响

将180尾黄颡鱼随机分成3组,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组3重复,Ⅰ组为对照组,投喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ为试验组,分别在投喂基础日粮中添加0.01%的芽孢杆菌与0.01%低聚糖复合制剂(Ⅱ)和1%中草药免疫增强剂(Ⅲ),连续投喂60天,测定了黄颡鱼增重率,成活率及胃肠消化酶,肝胰,血清免疫酶活性。结果显示:与对照组相比,Ⅱ,Ⅲ组均显著提高了黄颡鱼的增重率,成活率(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组胃消化酶,肠蛋白酶和和Ⅲ组胃消化酶活性与对照相比提高显著(P<0.05),但Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肠淀粉酶活性有所下降。与对照组相比,试验组肝胰ACP,肝胰AKP,肝胰SOD,血清ACP,血清AKP活性均不同程度提高。结果表明:在饲料中添加免疫增强剂,能够提高黄颡鱼的生产性能及消化免疫能力。     

5个生姜品种对淹水胁迫的生理响应及耐涝性评价

【目的】探究淹水胁迫对生姜苗期形态变化及生理指标的影响,筛选耐涝种质资源,为生姜耐涝机理研究及抗涝品种选育提供参考。【方法】以生姜主产区的5个主栽品种山东大姜、罗平小黄姜、竹根姜、贵州小黄姜、凤头姜为试验材料,设置正常水分处理（CK）和淹水处理（TR）,测定不同处理条件下的生长指标、生理指标及叶绿素荧光参数,利用隶属函数法对5个品种苗期的耐涝性进行综合评价。【结果】与CK相比,淹水胁迫下各生姜品种的株高、茎粗和根系活力均下降;生姜叶片的MDA和H2O2含量均显著上升（P<0.05,下同）,SOD和POD活性在竹根姜中呈下降趋势,在其他4个品种中均呈上升趋势,CAT活性在山东大姜中呈上升趋势,在其他4个品种中均呈下降趋势,PAL活性在竹根姜和凤头姜中呈下降趋势,在其他3个品种中均呈上升趋势。淹水后5个品种的PSII最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）和光化学淬灭系数（qP）显著降低,非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）显著升高。综合评价结果表明,5个品种生姜的耐涝性排序依次为山东大姜>贵州小黄姜>罗平小黄姜>凤头姜>竹根姜。相关分析结果显示,株高与综合评价值（D值）呈极显著正...     

Ellagic acid attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by alleviating autophagy

AIM:To investigate whether ellagic acid (EA) attenuates hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) by down-regulating autophagy. METHODS:In vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats (n=17) were randomly divided into 3 groups:5 rats for sham group, 6 rats for HIE group and 6 rats for HIE+EA pretreatment group. The rats in HIE+EA pretreatment group were treated with EA (10 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg, suspended in corn oil, ig). After 24 h of operation, the rats from each group were sacrificed and their brains were collected. TTC staining and HE staining were used to define the infarct areas and brain structure. The autophagy-related proteins beclin-1, P62, LC3-Ⅱ/-I and Atg5 in the cortex in each group were compared by Western blot. In vitro, PC12 cells were divided into 3 groups:control group, CoCl₂ group and CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group. CoCl₂ at 800 μmol/L was added to the PC12 cells to induce an anoxic environment. The PC12 cells were pretreated with EA at 8 μmol/L and the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) in the cells was detected by flow cytometry with DCFH-DA staining. MDC staining and TMRE staining were applied to reflect the extent of autophagy and the state of apoptosis, respectively. The autophagy-related proteins in PC12 cells were also investigated. RESULTS:In HIE group, 7-day-old rats were given the operations and the their large infarct areas in the hemisphere were observed by TTC staining. HE staining displayed the injured hemispheres which contained few neurons, and exhibited edema status and serious structural damage. EA pretreatment decreased the infarct area and alleviated the damage to hemisphere with more visible neurons, compared with HIE group. Compared with sham group, the levels of autophagy-related proteins Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I in the cortex were increased (P<0.01), and P62 protein expression was decreased (P<0.01) in HIE group. Compared with HIE group, the protein expression of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I was decreased (P<0.01) and P62 protein expression was increased in HIE+EA pretreatment group (P<0.01). In vitro, compared with CoCl₂ group, the PC12 cells in CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group showed a lower ROS level. Moreover, the cells in CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group exhibited higher mitochondrial membrane potential than that in CoCl₂ group. MDC staining in CoCl₂ group showed high value of fluorescence and increased number of autophagosomes. EA pretreatment reduced the number of autophagosomes and the extent of autophagy to protect PC12 cells. Furthermore, the protein levels of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I in CoCl₂ group were higher (P<0.01), and the protein expression of P62 was lower (P<0.01) than those in control group. In CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group, the protein levels of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I were decreased (P<0.01) and the protein expression of P62 was increased as compared with CoCl₂ group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:EA pretreatment attenuates autophagy to protect the neurons against HIE injury.     

生草栽培方式对坡地果园氮磷流失的控制效果

采用径流小区法,研究自然生草和低、中、高不同施肥水平下人工生草的栽培方式对果园土壤流失量、径流量及氮磷面源污染的控制效果．结果表明：（1）自然生草和人工生草处理均可极显著降低果园径流总氮、可溶性总氮、氨态氮和硝态氮的含量及流失量,且自然生草与人工生草处理问的差异显著,而不同施肥水平下人工生草处理间的差异不显著;（2）自然生草和人工生草处理均可极显著降低果园径流总磷和可溶性磷的含量,不同施肥水平下人工生草处理均可极显著降低径流总磷和可溶性磷的流失量,且低、中、高肥处理间的差异不显著;（3）人工生草和自然生草处理的土壤流失量分别只有清耕处理（对照）的2．44％-2．96％和13．26％,均可极显著降低土壤流失量,人工生草处理的保土效果不同施肥水平间的差异不显著;（4）人工生草处理对于减少坡地果园的水土和养分流失有着显著或极显著的效果,人工生草和自然生草处理的全年径流量,土壤流失量,总氮、总磷含量分别为538．91m3·hm-1·a-1、22．7t·km-2·a-1、1．36kg·hm-2·a-1和0．18kg·hm-2·a-1。     

柠檬花精油挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

[目的]对柠檬8份种质资源的花进行精油提取和成分分析鉴定,分析8种柠檬花精油挥发性成分组成差异和相似度,为柠檬花资源的开发利用、不同种质柠檬亲缘关系鉴定及优质柠檬种质的筛选提供基础数据.[方法]利用水蒸气蒸馏法对福建省泉州市国家农业科技园区果蔬园柠檬良种筛选圃内尤力克、费米耐劳、印度大果、越南四季柠檬、台湾香水柠檬、漳州本地柠檬、北京柠檬和江苏2号等8份种质资源的花进行精油提取,运用气相色谱—质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析和鉴定其挥发性成分,并采用SPSS 22.0进行相似度分析.[结果]8份柠檬花精油出油率为0.052%~0.139%.共鉴定出151种挥发性成分,其中萜烯类52种、醇类47种、酯类15种、醛类11种、酮类10种、烷烃类7种、酚类4种、其他5种.尤力克共鉴定出挥发性成分54种,费米耐劳67种,印度大果27种,越南四季柠檬78种,台湾香水柠檬27种,漳州本地柠檬45种,北京柠檬42种,江苏2号42种.8份柠檬花精油共有成分8种,分别为D-柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、β-石竹烯、柠檬醛、芳樟醇、α-松油醇和香叶醇;特异性成分78种,其中尤力克6种、费米耐劳19种、印度大果2种、越南四季柠檬29种、台湾香水柠檬4种、漳州本地柠檬3种、北京柠檬7种、江苏2号8种.柠檬花精油中以萜烯类(35.29%~80.81%)、醇类(7.91%~43.04%)和醛类(0.19%~14.67%)相对含量较多,其中萜烯类中相对含量较高的有D-柠檬烯、β-蒎烯和3-蒈烯,醇类中相对含量较高的有合金欢醇和芳樟醇,醛类中相对含量较高的是柠檬醛.8份柠檬花精油间关系最近的是北京柠檬与江苏2号,相似度为0.996,最远的是越南四季柠檬与台湾香水柠檬,相似度为0.650.[结论]不同柠檬花精油出油率和成分的差异反映柠檬不同种质间的遗传差异.同时,柠檬花精油中含有的成分具有良好的开发和应用价值.     

白三叶种子催芽技术与育苗基质的研究

以白三叶(Trifoliu mrepens)种子为试验材料,研究水浸时间、育苗基质类型、不同浓度赤霉素与硝酸钾浸种处理对白三叶种子发芽的影响。结果表明,水浸24h可极显著提高种子发芽指数、萌发活力指数、发芽势和发芽率,与未浸种的相比发芽率可提高10%-13%;基质类型对种子的发芽指数和萌发活力指数影响均达到显著水平,种子较适合的催芽浓度与育苗基质组合为50mg·L-2赤霉素、0.2%硝酸钾、园土∶沙∶泥炭土=2∶1∶1,平均发芽率达31.67%,平均萌发活力指数达42.212。     

常熟市水体氮负荷对土地利用方式的响应

为研究水环境变化对土地利用方式的响应,以常熟地区为例,利用ArcGIS10.0空间分析功能和SPSS相关性分析方法,对常熟市各土地利用类型和水体总氮含量进行了分析。结果表明:1990—2010年间常熟地区耕地和水域面积在持续缩减,建设用地和林地面积在增加;各土类状态指数(Di)大小依次为:建设用地林地草地耕地水域;建设用地面积的增加主要占据的是耕地和水域,水域面积的缩减主要被耕地占用;耕地面积与水体总氮含量呈显著性负相关关系(r=–0.959*,P0.05),说明种植型污染贡献比例在下降;林草地与水体总氮含量无显著相关性;建设用地与水体总氮含量呈显著性正相关关系(r=0.929*,P0.05),说明建设用地造成了点源污染。