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81.
    
This research was conducted for the purpose of determining the effects of bat guano on plant nutrient contents in the soil and in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) during the spring of both 2014 and 2015 with three replications according to randomized blocks experiment design. Bat guano was applied to the soil in two different forms; According to the results organic matter, P, Cu and Mn amounts in the soil were found to be statistically significant and increased compared to the control. Likewise, in the application of bat guano dust, organic matter, P and Mn amounts in the soil were found to be statistically significant and increased compared to the control. In lettuce, N, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn amounts in the application of bat guano powder and K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn amounts in the application of bat guano dust were found to be statistically significant.  相似文献   
82.
[目的]分析胡杨种群在干旱区不同地下水埋深梯度下的空间分布格局及种内竞争强度变化,探究种群空间结构对干旱环境的响应特征.[方法]在塔里木河下游3个断面处离河道1 000m的范围内等距离布设15个50 m×50m天然胡杨林样地,利用地面激光雷达(TLS)获取树木三维结构数据,并通过聚集指数(R)、丛生指数(I)、点格局函数g(r)等空间分布指标以及竞争指数(CI),分析空间分布格局和种内竞争强度.[结果]1)R和 I指数表明,在下游不同地下水埋深梯度下,胡杨种群空间分布格局整体上呈聚集分布.2)各样地内在0~25m半径r距离获取的g(r)函数值分析表明,大部分样地胡杨在r<5m距离内基本呈现聚集分布格局,在r>5 m距离呈随机分布格局.随着地下水埋深增加,树木聚集分布的距离r会缩小.3)点格局函数g12(r)结果表明,不同龄级胡杨树分布格局存在差异,中龄树主要呈聚集分布,其他龄级树呈随机分布;中龄树与幼龄树、成熟树之间存在正关联性,表现出相互促进关系,而其他龄级树木之间未呈现显著关联性.4)平均CI指数随离河道距离增大呈递减趋势,单木CI随胸径增大逐渐递减.[结论]塔里木河下游胡杨种群在小尺度上呈聚集分布格局,随着尺度的增加主要呈现随机分布特征.随离河道距离增大和地下水位逐步降低,导致树木密度降低和种内平均竞争强度变弱,树木呈衰退趋势.  相似文献   
83.
为解决沉积物在引水渠中积聚,对供水系统产生不利影响,渠首设计分流排沙系统,可提升用水效率。根据黄河宁夏某河段实测资料,采用二维数值模拟,基于MIKE21软件构建黄河宁夏某河段二维水动力模型和泥沙模型,模拟两种不同工况下渠内含沙量。研究结果表明,引水渠改变了河流水动力学要素平衡状态,直接引水渠(工况1)水流动力轴线向凹岸摆动了46.6m,渠道平均含沙量为0.6kg/m3,最大含沙量为0.89kg/m3;减沙引水渠(工况2)水流动力轴线向凹岸摆动了62.6m,渠首流速居于0.2~0.4m/s,渠道平均含沙量为0.2kg/m3,最大含沙量为0.6kg/m3。工况2渠内含沙量各位置均低于工况1,工况2可有效降低渠内泥沙沉积。因此,工况2渠首设计方式可改善引水渠泥沙沉积问题,提升取水系统的耐久性。  相似文献   
84.
    
千粒重(TGW)、穗粒数(GNS)和穗粒重(GWS)是小麦产量的重要组成部分。为了解析其遗传学基础;我们构建了一个由8762/Keyi5214衍生的198个系组成的DH群体;利用基因芯片对该DH群体进行基因型鉴定;并将产量相关性状千粒重、穗粒数和穗粒重表型整合并进行QTL定位。最后;我们共获得18,942个多态性SNP标记;并鉴定出41个与这些性状相关的关键QTL。我们在染色体2D和6A上鉴定出三个稳定的千粒重QTL (QTgw-2D.3, QTgw-2D.4, QTgw-6A.1);其增效等位基因均来自亲本8762;解释了4.81%-18.67%的表型变异。在染色体3D、5B、5D和6A上鉴定出5个稳定的穗粒数QTL;其中QGns-5D.1来自亲本8762;其余4个来自亲本Keyi5214的QTL解释了5.89-7.08%的表型变异。此外;还发现了一个稳定的小麦穗粒重遗传位点QGws-4A.3;该位点来自亲本8762;可解释6.08-6.14%的表型变异。为了应用鉴定到的QTL;我们为四个重要的QTL (Tgw2D.3-2, Tgw2D.4-1, Tgw6A.1 和 Gns3D.1)开发了STARP标记。本研究结果可为后期小麦千粒重、穗粒数和单穗重相关基因的鉴定和克隆奠定基础。  相似文献   
85.
    
猪增生性肠病(Porcine proliferative enteropathy, PPE)是由胞内劳森菌(Lawsonia intracellularis;L. intracellularis) 感染引起、在世界各地猪场中普遍存在的一种重要肠道疾病;以6~20周龄生长育肥猪急性出血性下痢、间歇性下痢、食欲下降和生长发育缓慢等临床症状为主要特征;给养猪业带来严重经济损失。准确的检测临床样品中胞内劳森菌方法对于预防和控制PPE尤其重要。研究表明;单克隆抗体在胞内劳森菌的病原学检测中发挥重要作用;热休克蛋白60 (Heat shock protein 60, Hsp60) 广泛存在于多种细菌中;是一种具有免疫保护作用的抗原。因此;本研究拟制备抗胞内劳森菌 Hsp60的单克隆抗体;并以其为一抗;用于感染细胞及感染组织中胞内劳森菌的检测。鉴于此;我们首先表达并纯化了Hsp60蛋白;并以纯化后的Hsp60蛋白为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠;采用杂交瘤细胞技术制备单克隆抗体。随后;通过间接ELISA和Western blotting检测单克隆抗体的特异性。最后;以本研究制备的单克隆抗体为一抗;分别采用免疫荧光和免疫组化法对体外单层感染细胞以及体内感染组织中胞内劳森菌进行检测。最终;我们成功筛选、鉴定出3株能够稳定分泌抗Hsp60蛋白单克隆抗体的阳性杂交瘤细胞株;分别命名为3E5、4E2和9G6。以BALB/c小鼠制备相应腹水单抗;间接ELISA效价分别为1:1024000、1:2048000和1:2048000。单克隆抗体特异性检测结果显示;3E5、4E2和9G6只能与胞内劳森菌反应;而与猪霍乱沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、猪痢短螺旋体等猪肠道中常见病原菌均无交叉反应;说明本研究制备的单克隆抗体具有良好的特异性。进一步研究发现;以上3种单克隆抗体均可与体外单层感染细胞及PPE感染猪回肠组织中的胞内劳森菌发生特异性结合。上述单克隆抗体为胞内劳森菌临床菌株的成功分离及免疫诊断方法的开发奠定了基础。  相似文献   
86.
    
提高小麦产量是全球小麦育种者的长期目标。发掘优良遗传资源;解析小麦重要农艺性状的遗传基础;是小麦高产育种的必经之路。本研究评价了两年七个环境中由156个育成品种和77个地方品种组成的四川小麦自然群体的9个重要农艺性状表现。农艺性状调查结果表明;地方品种分蘖较多;穗粒数(KNS)较高;育成品种千粒重(TKW)和穗粒重(KWS)较高。9个农艺性状的广义遗传力(H )在0.74到0.95之间。利用来自小麦55K SNP芯片的43198个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记进行群体结构分析可以将自然群体分为三组。基于混合线性模型Q+K方法的全基因组关联分析(GWAS)共鉴定出67个数量性状位点(QTL)。本研究主要对三个重要性状的QTL进行了分析;即分别检测到的可育分蘖数(FTN)位点QFTN.sicau-7BL.1的四种单倍型、KNS位点QKNS.sicau-1AL.2的三种单倍型和TKW位点QTKW.sicau-3BS.1的四种单倍型。从2002—2013年区域试验的42个品种的产量表现来看;FTN-Hap2、KNS-Hap1和TKW-Hap2分别是每个QTL中的优良单倍型。具有三个优良单倍型的品种相比具有两个或一个优良单倍型的品种产量更高。此外;基于每穗粒数的QTL位点 QKNS.sicau-1AL.2开发了连锁的KASP-AX-108866053标记能在2018年至2021年区域试验中鉴定63个品种的三种单倍型(或等位基因)。这些遗传位点和连锁标记可用于标记辅助选择或基于图谱的基因克隆;用于小麦产量的遗传改良。  相似文献   
87.
    
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an envelope, positive, single-strand RNA virus and is a member of the Arteriviridae family, Nidovirales order. PRRSV is the viral pathogen responsible for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and caused reproductive failure and high rate of late abortion and early farrowing in sows and respiratory disease in all age. In 2006, a large scale outbreak of atypical PRRS occurred in China is characterized by high fever (41-42°C), high morbidity (50-100%) and high mortality (20-100%). The disease was caused by a highly pathogenic PRRSV with a 30 amino acid deletions in its Nsp2 coding region. Because the PRRSV strains are genetically heterogeneous, and elicit delayed and weak cell-mediated immune (CMI) and antibody responses after vaccination the current vaccines are failed to provide sustainable disease control. Virosomes are virus-like particles, consisting of reconstituted virus envelopes without genetic material of the native virus. Since the virosomes has being similar to the original virus in terms of morphology and cell entry characteristics. Virosomes provide a vaccine platform that has the capacity to combine the antigen and an adjuvant within a single particle that could activate both the humoral and the cellular arm of the immune system. Furthermore, the virosomes are also providing a novel promising approach for the development of an efficacious vaccine against HP-PRRSV. Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an envelope, positive, single-strand RNA virus and is a member of the Arteriviridae family, Nidovirales order. PRRSV is the viral pathogen responsible for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and caused reproductive failure and high rate of late abortion and early farrowing in sows and respiratory disease in all age. In 2006, a large scale outbreak of atypical PRRS occurred in China is characterized by high fever (41-42°C), high morbidity (50-100%) and high mortality (20-100%). The disease was caused by a highly pathogenic PRRSV with a 30 amino acid deletions in its Nsp2 coding region. Because the PRRSV strains are genetically heterogeneous, and elicit delayed and weak cell-mediated immune (CMI) and antibody responses after vaccination the current vaccines are failed to provide sustainable disease control. Virosomes are virus-like particles, consisting of reconstituted virus envelopes without genetic material of the native virus. Since the virosomes has being similar to the original virus in terms of morphology and cell entry characteristics. Virosomes provide a vaccine platform that has the capacity to combine the antigen and an adjuvant within a single particle that could activate both the humoral and the cellular arm of the immune system. Furthermore, the virosomes are also providing a novel promising approach for the development of an efficacious vaccine against HP-PRRSV.
相似文献   
88.
    
Flowering time and branching type are important agronomic traits related to the adaptability and yield of soybean. Molecular bases for major flowering time or maturity loci, E1 to E4, have been identified. However, more flowering time genes in cultivars with different genetic backgrounds are needed to be mapped and cloned for a better understanding of flowering time regulation in soybean. In this study, we developed a population of Japanese cultivar (Toyomusume)×Chinese cultivar (Suinong 10) to map novel quantitative trait locus (QTL) for flowering time and branch number. A genetic linkage map of a F2 population was constructed using 1 306 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using Illumina SoySNP8k iSelect BeadChip containing 7 189 (SNPs). Two major QTLs at E1 and E9, and two minor QTLs at a novel locus, qFT2_1 and at E3 region were mapped. Using other sets of F2 populations and their derived progenies, the existence of a novel QTL of qFT2_1 was verified. qBR6_1, the major QTL for branch number was mapped to the proximate to the E1 gene, inferring that E1 gene or neighboring genetic factor is significantly contributing to the branch number. Keywords: soybean quantitative trait loci SNP flowering time branch number > Received: 22 August 2016 >>Accepted: > Fund: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100201 and 2016YFD0101902), the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA08010105), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471518 and 31301338).  相似文献   
89.
    
Received 6 June, 2017 Accepted 13 October, 2017 Abstract Aphis gossypii is a globally distributed species and therefore has a highly variable life cycle. Populations of A. gossypii in northern China exhibit greater genotypic diversity and a broader host range, yet the details of life cycles of different biotypes is still unclear. In this study, the Cytb and 16S gene regions of A. gossypii collected from 5 common summer hosts and 4 primary hosts were analyzed. A total of 57 haplotypes were obtained from 1 046 individual A. gossypii sequences. The sequence included 44 variable sites, 27 of which were parsimony informative sites and 17 of which were singleton variable sites. The most frequent 3 haplotypes were found in 896 individuals, representing a total of 85.7% of all individuals and 36 haplotypes were found in 1 individual. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed using 21 haplotypes that were found in more than 2 individuals. Considering the individual host plant, 5 biotypes were identified. Type 1 corresponded exactly to the cucurbit host-race and the other 4 biotypes were found as cotton host-races. Type 3 was the most abundant biotype in cotton fields in northern China.
相似文献   
90.
为系统了解国内外生物固氮的研究现状,本研究基于在Web of Science (WOS)核心合集数据库及中国知网(CNKI) 检索的1990—2023年有关生物固氮研究的文献,利用Citespace、VOSviewer、HistCite等文献计量工具,对发文数量、主要国家(地区)与机构、主要发文期刊和研究学者、重要文献、研究热点以及研究变化趋势等进行了计量分析。结果表明,1)近24年来,生物固氮研究领域发文量呈逐年增多趋势,2010年后中国发文占比显著增多,并成为WOS数据库中生物固氮领域发文量排名第2的国家,且与美国、巴西、德国等发文量较多的国家之间联系密切。植物科学、微生物学是英文发文量较多的学科,生物学、作物学是中文发文量较多的学科,都与农业科学紧密相关。生物固氮相关研究的中英文论文主要发文期刊是《生物技术通报》、《Plant and Soil》、《Soil Biology & Biochemistry》。Hungria M、Urquiaga S、Boddey R M和李友国是该领域发文较多的研究学者。2)生物固氮关键词聚类网络主要可分为生物固氮相关微生物及其定殖,生物固氮对农业生产的影响,生物固氮分子机理,以及生物固氮影响因素等4类,如何提升生物固氮效率并扩大其应用范围成为研究者关注的焦点。3)生物固氮研究近些年的主要挑战包括:扩大根瘤菌宿主范围,提高根际联合固氮效率;将生物固氮引入禾谷类作物中,开发“氮肥自供型”作物;挖掘高效固氮微生物资源,优化菌肥应用技术等。4) 随着遗传工程、合成生物学、宏基因组学、转录组学等技术方法的应用以及多学科的交叉研究,更深入探究生物固氮的机理并将其应用到农业生产中,对于减轻农业生产对工业氮肥的依赖,实现绿色低碳农业生产具有重要意义。  相似文献   
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