Paranasal meningioma in a horse.

Paranasal meningioma was diagnosed in a 5-year-old Appaloosa gelding. The mass occupied the right maxillary, frontal, and sphenopalatine sinuses but did not invade the calvarium. The diagnosis was based on histologic evaluation, positive immunohistochemical staining for vimentin and cytokeratin, and ultrastructural features including the presence of interdigitating spindle cells with numerous desmosomes.     

Primary epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma in a horse.

A 17-year-old Quarterhorse gelding with a clinical diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy was submitted for necropsy following a 4-5-month duration of weight loss, decreased appetite, and hypoproteinemia. Gross findings included multiple 1-2-cm diameter ulcers on the luminal surfaces of the duodenum and ileum. Histologic examination revealed individual large, round cells infiltrating much of the mucosal epithelium of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon in addition to multifocal areas of ulceration. Similar round cells infiltrated Brunner's glands and expanded the submucosa beneath the foci of ulceration. Immunohistochemical staining indicated the round cell population was of T-lymphocyte origin. Several features of this equine neoplasm bear similarities to enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma in humans.     

Effect of silver from cloud seeding on rumen microbial function

Hazards of Ag from weather modification to micro-organisms of the rumen were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Silver iodide complexes at a concentration of 38 ppm of Ag in dry alfalfa substrate did not affect substrate digestion in vitro. Inhibition of rumen microbial digestion was noted with 100 or more ppm of Ag, as Ag NO₃, in an in vitro fermentation system. A chronic intake of 1 ppm of Ag in dry-matter intake did not produce gradual accumulation of Ag in the rumens of two goats. Silver passed from a goat rumen with a half time of 1.3 days. In two in vivo trials, neither suspensions of AgI complexes simulating 1 ppm of Ag in dry food intake nor solutions of AgNO₃ simulating 100 ppm of Ag in dry food intake inhibited rumen digestion rates. An abundance of chloride ions, proteins, bacteria and other organic matter precludes persistence of Ag ions in the rumen. Based on these results, Ag in forages in areas where clouds are seeded with AgI complexes, including areas near AgI generators, where forages rarely contain more than 1 ppm of Ag in dry matter, will not affect rumen microbial digestion.     

Development of an immunological technique for estimating mycelial biomass of Mycena galopus in leaf litter

Antisera were produced in rabbits against cell wall and cytoplasmic components of the mycelium of a litter-decomposing basidiomycete, Mycena galopus (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer. The antisera were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate, and positive reactions were obtained in direct and indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) tests with homologous antigens and with heterologous antigens of M. galopus from pure cultures and field material. Cross reactions occurred with fungal associates of M. galopus on Quercus litter from a deciduous woodland, but these were mostly removed by absorption with a preparation of Cladosporium herbarum Link ex Fr. Membrane filtration combined with FA staining and rhodamine-gelatin counter-staining was found to be a feasible means of estimating the biomass of FA-reactive mycelium of M. galopus in leaf litter.     

Sounding the stratosphere and mesosphere by infrared limb scanning from space

Inversion of the measurements obtained by the infrared limb scanner on the Nimbus 6 satellite has demonstrated that the stratospheric and mesospheric temperatures and ozone concentrations may be obtained remotely from space with accuracy and precision comparable to in situ methods. Such global data have many applications in middle atmospheric research and operational temperature sounding.