Experimental Study on the Extended Length of Negative Reinforcement Cut-in Phases in Continuous Beams

In this paper through the static loading tests of 6 inflexion zones and 2 cantilever zones in full-size constrained R/C beams, the stress performance in rebars cut-in-phases and subjected to negative moment is studied. The stress properties of extended length of rebars with different shear-span ratiosare analysed on basis of the full measurement of strain distributions combined with the investigation on state and regularity of the diagonal cracks development and series of new knowledge are obtained. It is found that current Concrete Design Code provisions on the extended length are inadequate for the high shear-span ratio and superfluous for the low shear-span ratio. The theoretical and experimental foundations are provided for determining proper value of extended length for rebars cut-in-phases.     

CALCULATING SYSTEM FOR SECOND-ORDER EFFECT IN THE COLUMNS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES

This paper makes an analysis and comparison of the calculatingsystem for second-order effect in columns of reinforced concrete frames proposedby scholars at home and abroad,and the systems adopted by codes of manycountries.The focus is on explaining the conceptual error and deficiency in somemethods.After expounding the basic law of the second-order effect in framecolumns with different restraints,this paper suggests an improvement of thecalculating system for second-order effect in frame columns for China's DesignCode of Concrete Structures.     

粉花石斛组织培养快速繁殖

采用种子培养(胚培养)和茎节培养直接诱导成苗的方式进行了粉花石斛组织培养快速繁育试验.试验结果表明,无论是以种子还是以茎节作为外植体,均能诱导成苗.种子培养的最适培养基为N6 6-BA 5 NAA 0.4;茎节培养的最适培养基为I/2MS 6-BA 0.9 NAA 0.2;适宜的生根培养基分别为:N6 10%香蕉汁、1/2MS.移栽最适基质配方为腐叶土:珍珠岩为1:1.     

大豆对SMV株系SC-11的抗性遗传及抗病基因的等位性研究

利用对我国北方大豆产区流行株系SC-11表现抗病的材料科丰1号、邳县茶豆、大白麻、齐黄22、诱变30、PI96983、Kwanggyo和感病材料南农1138-2、南农18-6配制的抗感和抗抗杂交组合,研究了对SC-11的抗性遗传以及不同材料的抗病基因间的等位性关系.结果表明,科丰1号、邳县茶豆、大白麻、PI96983、Kwanggyo、齐黄22、诱变30与感病品种杂交的F1表现抗病,F2呈3抗:1感分离比例,F2:3家系呈1抗:2分离:1感病的分离比率,证明它们对SC-11的抗性由单显性基因控制.PI96983×Kwanggyo和齐黄22×诱变30杂交后的F2群体未发现抗感分离,表明PI96983与Kwanggyo以及齐黄22与诱变30对SC-11的抗性基因是等位或紧密连锁的.大白麻与科丰1号、邳县茶豆、诱变30,科丰1号与Kwanggyo,PI96983与邳县茶豆杂交的F2呈15抗:1感的比例分离,初步表明大白麻与科丰1号、邳县茶豆、诱变30,科丰1号与Kwanggyo,PI96983与邳县茶豆所携带的抗SC-11的基因是不等位的,而且2个抗性基因独立遗传.     

The Microstructure,Antibacterial and Antitumor Activities of Chitosan Oligosaccharides and Derivatives

Chitosan obtained from abundant marine resources has been proven to have a variety of biological activities. However, due to its poor water solubility, chitosan application is limited, and the degradation products of chitosan oligosaccharides are better than chitosan regarding performance. Chitosan oligosaccharides have two kinds of active groups, amino and hydroxyl groups, which can form a variety of derivatives, and the properties of these derivatives can be further improved. In this review, the key structures of chitosan oligosaccharides and recent studies on chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives, including their synthesis methods, are described. Finally, the antimicrobial and antitumor applications of chitosan oligosaccharides and their derivatives are discussed.     

2019年及近年我国农药登记情况和特点分析

总结、分析了2019年及近年我国农药登记的基本情况和特点。最近7年来,每年微毒/低毒农药登记数量与当年农药登记总量的比值,及与本年度新增登记数量的比值均持续上升,其比值的年均值分别为82.0%和93.4%;环境友好的剂型在迅速增加,悬浮剂与本年度新增产品登记数量的比值一直处于领先位置,可分散油悬浮剂的比值增长突显,乳油比值在逐年递减;杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂3大类农药登记数量与本年度新增登记数量的比值趋向显著平均;低风险的新农药登记数量在不断增加,生物源农药登记数量增长稳定,5年来其有效成分和产品的年均增长率分别为9.88%和9.46%。从政策和技术上促进特色小宗作物用药登记产品数量快速增加。上述特点表明,我国农药正朝着有利于人畜健康和生态环境安全的方向发展。     

Occurrence of prophage and historical perspectives associated with the dissemination of huanglongbing in mainland China

Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with a non-culturable bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is a highly destructive citrus disease with a long but poorly documented history in China. No effective treatment for HLB is available. The identification of new prophages in abundant CLas genomic sequence data provides new insights into both the diversity of CLas strains and HLB management. In this study, CLas populations from nine provinces were surveyed for the presence of prophage. Two major prophage typing groups (PTGs) were discovered to be associated with two different altitude regions: strains of CLas in PTG1 from high altitude regions (HAR) mainly contained prophage Type 1 only or Types 1 and 3, whereas strains of CLas in PTG2 from low altitude regions (LAR) mainly contained prophage Type 2. The discovery of these CLas population patterns provides evidence for independent origins of HLB in HAR and LAR. Guangdong province is the generally recognized domestic region of origin for HLB and is primarily responsible for the dissemination of HLB in LAR through transport of seedlings. Both Yunnan and Sichuan provinces are the probable regions of origin for HLB in HAR. PTG2 was further divided into two subgroups: PTG2-1, found in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi and PTG2-2, found in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Hunan. These regions and prophage types are correlated with early and late introductions of HLB in LAR. These molecular analyses were supported by studying the history of the dissemination of HLB in historical documents.     

驻极体对大肠杆菌的影响研究

为了有效防止空气中的大肠杆菌附着在食物等表面对人和动物造成腹泻等肠道疾病。以聚四氟乙烯制作的驻极体薄膜为试材,用控制变量法与理论分析和试验研究相结合的方法测得带负电和带正电的驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌的影响数据。结果表明：带负电的驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌的正常生长具有抑制作用,最高抑制率达到70.82%;带正电的驻极体薄膜促进了大肠杆菌的生长,最高促进率达到54.65%。进一步用光学显微镜观察到在带正电的驻极体薄膜下处理后的大肠杆菌菌落生长密集,带负电的驻极体薄膜处理后的菌落生长稀疏。驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌生长造成影响的机制主要是静电场影响了大肠杆菌分子的膜电位,进而影响大肠杆菌的生长。带负电的驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌具有良好的抑制作用,可为生产与驻极体灭菌有关的材料提供理论依据。