优质蛋白玉米主要农艺性状的遗传效应分析

运用加性—显性及环境互作的遗传模型对8个优质蛋白玉米(QPM)自交系及其56个F1组合的9个性状进行分析,对各性状的遗传方差分量、遗传力、杂种F1代的基因型和杂种优势进行研究。结果表明,农艺性状主要以显性效应为主,其次是显性与环境互作效应,采用多环境改良潜力较大;具有较大正向加性效应预测值的自交系一般配合力(GCA)普遍较高,自交系的加性效应预测值与GCA效应值趋势基本一致;具有较大正向显性效应预测值的组合产量一般较高,组合的显性效应预测值与产量趋势基本一致。     

浑善达克沙地生态系统现状分析及生态恢复对策

2007年秋作者在锡林郭勒盟正蓝旗宝绍岱苏木查干诺尔嘎查进行了生态环境调查和实践活动,对当地草场严重退化的生态环境问题进行分析研究。从土壤状况、植被层及食物链等方面进行了分析。并提出了用自然力和绿化相结合的方法建立育苗基地、转移物种、坚持绿化工作等途径恢复当地沙地植被,建立生态系统适时监测系统,观测生态系统动态。     

宁夏产栽培秦艽脂溶部位化学成分研究

[目的]对宁夏产栽培秦艽根（Radix Gentiana Macrophyllae）的化学成分进行系统研究。[方法]应用多种色谱技术对秦艽根化学成分进行分离纯化;通过理化方法和波谱数据并与对照品对照进行结构鉴定。[结果]从脂溶部位分离出了4种化合物,其质量分别为75、230、450、70 mg,鉴定其分别为：秦艽酰胺（Ⅰ）、红白金花内酯（Ⅱ）、栎瘿酸（Ⅲ）、齐墩果酸（Ⅳ）。[结论]以上4个化合物均为首次从宁夏产秦艽中分离得到。     

伊犁地区荷斯坦奶牛体尺体重及外貌评分对产奶量的影响

[目的]了解荷斯坦奶牛体尺、体重及外貌评分对产奶量的影响.[方法]通过对伊犁地区荷斯坦奶牛和褐牛的品种、外貌、体尺测定登记与整理,统计伊犁地区奶牛的体高、体长、胸围、管围、体重及外貌评分并利用数据,通过SPSS13.0统计软件进行产奶量的相关性分析.[结果]荷斯坦奶牛体高、体长、胸围、管围、体重、外貌评分对产奶量有显著影响(P＜0.01).[结论]为今后该地区在奶牛群的遗传选育和生产实践中正确考虑奶牛体尺、体重、体型性状、外貌性状对生产性能的影响,选择高产、稳产、健康的奶牛,合理规划育种方案和加强饲养管理,提供可靠的依据.     

不同氮素形态和水分胁迫对水稻水分吸收及光合特性的影响

采用PEG模拟水分胁迫、根系烫伤处理和0.5 mmol.L-1HgCl2处理等方法,研究不同质量比(9∶1、5∶5、1∶9)NH4+-N/NO3--N营养对水稻幼苗生长和水分吸收的影响。结果表明:正常水分条件下,NH4+-N/NO3--N比为5∶5处理的水稻生物量最大,水分胁迫条件下,1∶9处理的水稻生物量最大;根系烫伤处理后,正常水分条件下,NH4+-N/NO3--N比为9∶1、5∶5、1∶9处理的水稻吸水量分别降低26.5%、24.1%、36.3%,而水分胁迫条件下,各处理分别降低30.6%、23.9%、21.0%;加HgCl2处理后,正常水分条件下,NH4+-N/NO3--N比为9∶1、5∶5、1∶9处理的水稻吸水量分别降低47.1%、46.3%、31.8%,而在水分胁迫条件下,各处理分别降低46.6%、42.4%、23.5%。正常水分条件下,NH4+-N/NO3--N比为9∶1处理的水稻光合速率最高,5∶5处理的水稻气孔导度、细胞间CO2浓度及蒸腾速率最低;水分胁迫后,9∶1、1∶9处理的水稻气孔导度、细胞间CO2浓度及蒸腾速率比正常水分处理降低,而5∶5处理的水稻气孔导度、细胞间CO2浓度及蒸腾速率较正常水分处理高。     

分相萃取法纯化朝鲜蓟中洋蓟素的工艺研究

以朝鲜蓟提取物为原料、乙酸乙酯为萃取剂,考查萃取时间、分相时间、提取物质量浓度、相比、萃取温度、pH值等因素对萃取率的影响,并通过正交试验优化洋蓟素的最佳萃取参数。结果表明,朝鲜蓟中洋蓟素的最佳萃取参数为萃取时间30 min,分相时间80 min,提取物质量浓度10.0 g/L,相比1.25∶1,萃取温度35℃,pH值4.0,此时洋蓟素萃取率达到67.37%。     

基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.     

魔芋与玉米间栽对魔芋根际微生物群落代谢功能多样性的影响

研究了魔芋与玉米间栽对魔芋软腐病的控制作用,同时采用Biolog方法间栽对魔芋根际微生物群落代谢功能多样性的影响。结果表明,魔芋与玉米间栽能有效控制魔芋软腐病,其中玉米2∶魔芋4(T3)效果最好,相对防效可达61.27%。另外,魔芋与玉米间栽使魔芋根际微生物Shannon多样性、均匀度指数和每孔颜色平均变化率(AWCD)发生变化,魔芋根际微生物对碳源的利用情况也发生了改变,与净栽魔芋(CK)相比,T3对聚合物类和酚类化合物的利用率分别升高了25.7%和23.5%,而对糖类、羧酸类、氨基酸类和胺类这4类碳源的利用率分别降低了30.7%,39.9%,34.9%和38.6%。主成分分析表明,间栽处理的魔芋根际微生物群落代谢功能与净栽相比差异显著。     

菜蛾盘绒茧峰和半闭弯尾姬蜂的胚胎发育

在室内(25±1)℃,详细观察了小菜蛾两种幼虫内寄生蜂的胚胎发育过程.其中,菜蛾盘绒茧蜂胚胎发育经历大约48 h.根据胚胎发育的先后顺序可将其划分为以下3个时期:卵裂与胚盘形成期,即产卵后20 h时,在卵周缘形成均匀的单细胞层;原肠胚形成及器官发育期,产卵后20~32 h,包括胚带形成、原头原躯分化、口道形成及消化道发育;最后是胚胎背合与胚胎成熟期,在产卵后48 h,胚胎发育完成,并在蜂卵孵化时,源自浆膜的畸形细胞释放到寄主小菜蛾的血腔中.相同培养条件下,半闭弯尾姬蜂的胚胎发育历经50 h.根据胚胎的形态特征将胚胎发育过程同样划分为3个阶段:分别是产卵后12 h的卵裂与胚盘形成阶段、产卵后12~32 h的原肠胚形成和器官发育阶段、以及随后的胚胎背合和胚胎成熟阶段,即产卵后32~50 h,直至姬蜂卵孵化.与茧蜂不同的是,姬蜂卵孵化时,浆膜并不产生释放畸形细胞.     

广东省农村食品安全现状调查与思考

调查了省内10余个农村集镇及其周边的自然村落的食品安全现状,调查发现造成农村食品安全问题的主要原因有:农村居民安全意识淡薄、居民对水源的关注度欠缺、农贸市场的发展规划不当、食品安全源头污染严重、农村食品的贮藏、运输条件欠佳等.分析了上述原因,总结出改善当前食品安全现状的措施及建议,主要是在加强食品安全法律、法规和标准体系的建设,提高农民的食品安全意识,加大对农村的财政投入等方面着手.